Ukutshala kwe-Freesia nokunakekela endle Ukutshala kwasekhaya Izinhlobo zezithombe

Ukulima nokunakekela okungaphandle kweFentsia

I-Freesia noma i-Freesia (i-lat. Freesia) iyisitshalo se-tublings semvelo somndeni kaKatatikovy (Iris). Leli gama linikezwe ukuhlonipha uF. Frieze - udokotela waseJalimane, wezazi zezitshalo. Ngenxa yephunga elimnandi lama-inflorescence, i-freesia ibizwa nangokuthi i-Cape lily yesigodi. Indawo azalelwe kuyo imbali yiNingizimu Afrika, lapho akhetha khona izindawo phakathi kwezihlahlana nasogwini olumanzi.

I-Freesia idume kakhulu kwezokulima futhi njengesitshalo sokusika.

Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-1. Amapuleti amaqabunga angama-xiphoid, angama-15-20 cm ubude nangu-1-1,5 cm.Isiqu esinezimbali asinamuntu, mncane, siguqekile. Okuphezulu kuthweswe umqhele nge-inflorescence enjenge-spike, enezimbali ezingama-3-10. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-3-5 cm. Umbala ucacile (umhlophe qhwa), ukhilimu, upinki, obomvu, ophuzi, o-orenji, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll.), Imvamisa i-pharynx iqokonyiswa ethunzini elihlukile. Zingaba lula (umugqa ongu-1 wezinsimbi) kanye ne-terry (imigqa emi-2 yamaphayini).

Kungani i-freesia ilungile:

Isixha somshado sesithombe somakoti we-freesia

Ama-inflorescence e-Freesia azoba yingxenye enhle yesidlo, athandwa kakhulu eziqwini zomshado;
Izimbali zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha okunethezeka;
Adume kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba, futhi azohlobisa i-greenhouse, windowsill;
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibala ebomvu ophuzi zibonakaliswa ngamanani okukhula okusheshayo.

Lapho freesia blooms

Lapho ikhule endaweni evulekile, amahlumela wokuqala avela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, bese izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kwenyanga. Susa ama-corollas anciphile ngesikhathi ukuze ungathathi amandla esihlahleni. Isikhathi sezimbali sithatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.

Ungatyala ukutshala izinyosi.

Ukukhula kwe-freesia kusuka embewini ekhaya

Izithombe zezinhlamvu zeFentsia

Imbewu yeFentsia ihlwanyelwa ngoMashi. Amanzi angaphansi afakwa emanzini afudumele amahora angama-8 kuya kwayi-12.
Beka ungqimba oluhle olunwetshiwe phansi phansi kwetangi lokuhlwanyela. Ngemuva kwalokho uthele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enezakhi (isihlabathi, i-peat ne-humus ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo) noma usebenzise i-substrate yomhlaba ka-anyanisi.
Imbewu ivala ngokujula, ifinyelela ku-1 cm ngokujula.
Mboza ingxenye ephezulu yesitsha ngengilazi noma ngefilimu yokunamathela, bese ukhumbula ukungena umoya nsuku zonke ukuze ukhiphe imbuyekezo.
Gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-20-25 ° C.
Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ngokufafaza ngesifutho esihle.
Amahlumela okuqala azovela cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Susa indawo yokukhosela kancane kancane phakathi nenyanga.

Izithombe zesithombo sezithombo zeFesia

Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, amahlumela aluhlaza azogcwalisa ngokuphelele isitsha. Kuyadingeka ukubatshala. Thatha isitsha esisebanzi, tshala izitshalo kude le-5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Qaphela - amahlumela athambile kakhulu futhi abuthaka.

Ungasithatha isitsha usise kuvulandi, kepha sivikele emimoyeni enamandla yomoya. Buyela egumbini ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ku-10 ° C. Nikeza ukuthambisa ejwayelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi; faka umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20.

Cishe ngoFebhuwari, lindela izimbali zokuqala. Ngo-Agasti, bambe u-anyanisi ukuze womile, ngo-Okthoba zingatshalwa ukuze ziphaliswe.

Amanhlamvu we-freesia

Izithombe zeFreesia ama

Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, izinhlamvu ziqala ukuqongelela amandla, ngalesi sikhathi kukhiqizwa ama-anyanisi azungezile, isibani esikhulu siphinde sizalwe kabusha. Ukusekela le nqubo, ungakhohlwa ukususa ama-inflorescence afihlekile.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izinsuku ezingaba ngu-7, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe semhlabathini, bese sigaya futhi sihlukanise ama-ndodakazi.
Tshala ukuze zikhule esizeni.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, ngeke ziqhakaze: ekwindla, bambe u-anyanisi ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga abune, hlamba, uthele (ubambe ama-2% wokuhlushwa kusisombululo se-foundationazol imizuzu engama-30), yomile futhi uyigcina.

Ezimweni zamakamelo, konke kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo (kuphela ngokukhula, tshala emapulethini).

Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-freesia

Ukukhula kwe-freesia esithombeni somhlaba ovulekile engadini

Ochwepheshe bahlakulela ama-freesia unyaka wonke, akhula ngokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma kumagadi okugcina izithombo. Sizocubungula ukuthi singayikhulisa kanjani imbali emhlabathini ovulekile nakuma windowsill (ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi freesias ebusika).

Izimo zokukhula kwe-freesia:

Lesi sitshalo sidinga isikhathi sasemini samahora ayi-12-14. Ukusuka ekuchayweni kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, umthunzi, umthunzi olandelanayo okhanyayo kungenzeka.
Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela kokusalungiswa.
Izikejana ezintekenteke zingadinga ukwesekwa (ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-freesia eziphukile).
Inhlabathi idinga inhlabathi evulekile, enamanzi amaningi, ukusabela akuhambeki noma kune-acidic kancane. Ingxube yezilinganiso ezilinganayo ze-humus, isod, inhlabathi enamaqabunga kufanelekile.
Izitshalo ezincane ezinamacembe amancanyana atshalwe ngokuhlangana, futhi zibanzi futhi zisakazeka - ngokukhululeka.
Ukuze izimbali zibe ziningi futhi zihlale isikhathi eside, kudingeka izinga lokushisa lama-22 ° C.
Uma isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu / kubanda, izimbali azonakalisiwe, kuqhuma uhlaza olungenalutho.
I-inflorescence ingasikwa uma okungenani ama-2 buds aqhakazile.
Hlukana nama-buds ngokushesha nje lapho eqala ukubuna, ukuze isitshalo singachithi amandla kokudla kwawo.
Gcina umswakama ophezulu. Lapho ufafaza, gwema ukulahla amanzi kuma-buds nezimbali. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo kusihlwa.

Ukutshala nokunakekela Kwangaphandle kweFreesia

Ukutshala i-freesia entwasahlobo emhlabathini Ukukhulisa i-freesia kusuka kumabhuleki Ungatshala kanjani i-freesia entwasahlobo

Ukutshala freesia entwasahlobo

Amabhule atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngokusungulwa kokushisa kweqiniso, lapho usongo lokubuya kwamaqhwa wobusuku budlula (cishe nge-10 Meyi). Yenza izimbobo, ujule ama-bulbs nge-3-6 cm.Phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye, gcina ibanga 3 cm ngamabhulethi amancane no-5 cm amakhulu. Isikhala se-Aisle sizodinga ibanga elingaba ngu-15 cm.

Ngemuva kokutshala, bushelelezi ingaphezulu lomhlabathi bese umboza nge-mulch (peat, yomhlaba we-coniffort) ukuvikela ama-bults ekushiseni ngokweqile.

Ungondla kanjani

Isitshalo sidinga ukondla okufika ngesikhathi futhi njalo. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, engeza isixazululo se-ammonium nitrate (2 g yomanyolo nge-1 litre yamanzi). Bese uyondla njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 nge-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium (4 g no-2 g, ngokulandelana, nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi).

Khulula inhlabathi njalo (qaphela kakhulu ukuthi ungalimazi ama), susa ukhula. Ikakhulu lezi zinqubo zibalulekile ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Ungawunikeza kanjani amanzi freesia

Bheka umbuso othile wokunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, faka amanzi kakhulu, gcina inhlabathi isendaweni emanzi kancane. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kuncishiswa isikhathi ngasinye, ngesikhathi lapho ama-bullets akhiwa (ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba), kufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele.

Futhi, isitshalo sidinga ukufafaza amahlumela namahlamvu amaqabunga. Yenza inqubo kusihlwa, kepha umswakama kumele ungeniswe ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ukuvikela izifo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ama-bulbs kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate ngemuva kokumba nangaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo. Futhi amanzi ngendlela efanele: ingaphezulu lomhlabathi akufanele lome, kepha ungavumeli ukuqina komswakama.

Izifo: isibazi, ukubola okuhlukahlukene, i-fusarium. Izitshalo ezithelelekile kufanele zimbiwe futhi zichithwe.

Izinambuzane: izimbuzane zesikhala, ama-aphid, ama-thrips. Phatha ngesinambuzane.

Ukulinywa kweFentsia nokunakekelwa ekhaya

Ukuphoqa i-freesia esithombeni sasekhaya

Ngaphakathi, i-freesia ikhule ngokuqhakaza ebusika nasentwasahlobo yokuqala: kule nkathi engenamsoco, ama-inflorescences abukeka emangalisa kakhulu, aqine kakhulu.

Ukuqhakaza ngoJanuwari, ukutshala ama-bulbs kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba. Ungatshala i-freesia ebhodweni entwasahlobo, izimbali zizotholakala ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngemuva kokutshala. Izinto zokutshala kwangaphambili, zisebenza kusisombululo se-azotobacterin (0.5 g ofinhu 1 litre yamanzi), cwilisa cishe imizuzu engama-30. Ngokwenza, baphathwa ngaphezu kwalokho nge-stimulator yokukhula (i-epin, i-rootin).

Ukutshala i-freesia entwasahlobo ebhodweni

Ngokutshala, uzodinga izimbiza ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Qiniseka ukubeka ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi ngaphansi (ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe, umgexo wobumba), beka amalahle ngaphezulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi: Izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi e-turfy, 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi nomhlabathi we-humus, hlanganisa ingxenye yomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium oxutshwe. Kufika kuma-6 bulbs atshalwe esitsheni sinjalo, sijula ngo-60-6 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala, beka ngaphansi kokukhanya okungonakalisiwe, ligcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ebangeni le-10-15 ° C, akudingeki ukuthi kunwe - lindela ukuvela kwamapuleti amaqabunga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuchelela kuqala, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lenyuswe laya ku-20-22 ° C.

Ukukhula kwe-freesia ezimweni zasekamelweni kulula kunasemhlabathini ovulekile, ngisho nakulezo zokugcina izithombo.

Kuqhakaza i-freesia esithombeni sembiza

Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanele:

Ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika, amahora okukhanya kosuku amafushane, futhi isitshalo sidinga ukukhanyiselwa amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Beka isitsha esithelweni emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma entshonalanga, sebenzisa izibani zokufakelwa (izibani ze-fluorescent).
Ngaphansi kwesisindo lwama-inflorescence aqhakazekile, iziqu zingalimala - zibophezele ekusekelweni ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi.
Amanzi njengoba umhlabathi waphezulu womisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amanzi kakhulu. Sebenzisa amanzi athambile (ancibilike, amise imvula, amanzi ahlanjiwe noma ajwayelekile, aphekelwa okungenani usuku).
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamasistimu wokufudumeza, umoya osekamelweni usindwa ngokweqile. Ukufafaza njalo kwamaqabunga namahlumela kuzodingeka. Lapho ubekwa egumbini elipholile (i-loggia, i-balcony ekhazimulayo), le ndlela ayidingeki.
Kabili ngenyanga, yondla ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali (qhubeka kuze kube yilapho amafulethi eshidi efa ngokuphelele).

I-Freesia ngemuva kokuqhakaza

Lapho ukhule ekhaya:

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwama-corms aqhubeka nokunisela ezinye izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5.
Ngemuva kwalokho bhala, usike amaqabunga neziqu, uphathe ama-solution ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma okunye ukulungiswa kwe-fungicidal, yomile egumbini elifudumele (25-28 ° C) izinsuku eziningana.
Hlunga (hlukana nezinhlamvu ezilimele nezibolile) kanye nesitolo.

Lapho ukhula endaweni evulekile:

Ukhipha nini i-freesia nokuthi ungawagcina kanjani ama-bulbs

Izimbali zigcina ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Bamba lapho amapuleti amaqabunga aphuzi ehla. Izenzo ezengeziwe ziyafana nalezi ezichazwe ngenhla.

Uma izifunda zakho zinobusika obunzima, awukwazi ukukhipha ama-bulbs - mane umboze ngamaqabunga omile namagatsha e-spruce.

Isitoreji se-Bulb

Kungcono ukugcina ama-corms kugridi ku-limbo. Ukushisa komoya kufanele kube ngu-20-25 ° C, umswakama - 70-80%. Ukuze ulondoloze izinga lomswakama elidingekayo, kubekwa isitsha samanzi ngaphansi kwegridi. Njalo emavikini amane, hlola ama, ulahla abagulayo nabolile. Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala ama-bulbs, dlulisela endaweni epholile - i-10-15 ° C.

Amabhuleki angagcinwa ku-peat eyomile.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-freesia ezinezithombe namagama

Freesia Armstrong Freesia armstrongii

Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-65-70. I-inflorescence iqukethe izimbali ezingama-3-5 ezenziwe ngesibhakabhaka ngombala obomvu, obomvu noma opinki.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziphawuleka kakhulu zale nhlobo yiKhadinali (Freesia armstrongii Kardinal) - isibazi esisodwa sinika ama-peduncle ama-3 cishe angama-35 cm ukuphakama, ngalinye liphela kuma-inflorescence athusayo (9-11 corollas). Umbala wamaphalishi ubomvu mnyama, umnyombo uphawulwe ngebala eliphuzi, ama-stamens nawo aphuzi, i-pistil iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-anthers aphuzi.

I-Fenceia hybrid I-Fenceia hybrida

Isihlahla esivalwe kahle esi-1 m ukuphakama. Umbala ungaba yi-monophonic: ophuzi, okusajingijolo, we-violet noma uhlanganise amathunzi amaningana.

Izinhlobo:

I-Fentsia hybrid Ballerina Freesia hybrida Balerina

IBallina (I-Freesia hybrida Balerina) - amacembe abolile, amhlophe qhwa, ibala eliphuzi eliphansi ezansi kwekholaji. Ingaphezulu le-peduncle elingama-25-30 cm eliphakeme lithweswe umqhele ngezimbali ezingaba ngu-12.

I-Freesia hybrid grade Bruce Frye

URose Marie (Freesia hybrida Rose Mary) uyisidumbu esiphakeme esingamasentimitha angama-20-25 .Kwe-inflorescence eyodwa kunama-corollas angaba ngu-7 we-raspberry hue ocebile.

I-Pimperina (Freesia hybrida Pimpernel) - ubude be-peduncle bufika ku-20 cm. I-inflorescence iqukethe ama-corollas ayi-7. Ama-petals abomvu onqenqemeni lomthunzi omnyama, okotshwe kancane, ingxenye engezansi ye-corolla ihlotshiswe ngemithunzi ephuzi.

Izithombe zeFentsia Hybrid single Pink single Pink isithombe

I-Orange Favorite (Freesia hybrida Favorite) - ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Izimbali ziwolintshi okhanyayo ngombala ohlukile (omnyama) pharynx.

I-Freesia hybrid I-Hot Pink Hot Pink

IHelsinki (Freesia hybrida Helsinky) inokufakelwa imibala. I-Perianth ine-hue onsomi, iphenduka ithoni ye-lilac. I-lobe engezansi ye-petal ihlotshiswe ngentethe eluhlaza, i-pharynx ihlotshiswe ngemichilo yombala ofanayo.

I-Freesia Royal Blue Freesia hybrida Royale Blue

I-Royal Blue (i-Freesia hybrida Royale Blue) - i-peduncle ephezulu (efinyelela ku-70 cm) idonswa amapayipi amakhulu ohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

UFreesia mhlophe uyakhishwa futhi noma uphukile uFreeia Refracta

Isitshalo esincane esinokuphakama okungabi ngaphezu kwama-40 cm.Iziqu ziyancipha, ziyahluma. I-inflorescence iqukethe ama-2-5 corollas we-white or yellow-orange hue.

Izinhlobo:

Freesia Alba Freesia Refracta var. isithombe se-alba

I-Alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba) iyimbali emhlophe qhwa ene-pharynx ephuzi nemivimbo yohlobo oluphuzi.

I-Fragrant (Freesia Refracta odorata) - i-inflorescence iqukethe ama-corollas angama-3-7 we-hue ephuzi, isisekelo se-corolla sihlotshiswe ngendawo ye-orange. Iphunga kuthiwa.