Umsedari - umuthi wezingane nabazukulu

Umsedari waseSiberia (igama elifanele le-botanical yi-piga yomsedari waseSiberia) uyisihlahla se-coniferous esihlala sikhona. Lesi sitshalo esimangalisa ngempela sesithathile, kubonakala sengathi, zonke izimfanelo eziwusizo ezifinyelelekayo: ukuhlobisa nokupholisa, ubusika nobulukhuni nobusika.

Umcebo ophambili womsedari waseSiberia amantongomane awo. Baqoqwe eduzane naseLeningrad, bekuqukethe amafutha angama-61%, amaprotheni angama-20%, ama-carbohydrate ayi-12%. Qaphela ukuthi la ngamantongomane atshalwe enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe lapho isimo sezulu sikhona. Amantongomane amnandi kakhulu, anempilo futhi ayaphilisa. Isazi uP.S. Pallas ubhale eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule: "ESwitzerland, amantongomane kaphayini asetshenziswa emakhemisi; asetshenziselwa ukwenza ubisi, olunqunyelwe izifo zamabele ..., kuthiwa lusetshenziswa ngabantu abaqumbayo."

Iphayini yemisedari yaseSiberia (lat. Pinus sibirica). IBotanical Ingadi yasePoland Isikhungo Sezesayensi, eWarsaw. © Crusier

Amantongomane wepine aqukethe i-Vitamin A (ukukhula kwevithamini), amavithamini e-B (anti-neurotic), athuthukisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo futhi ngokuvamile ayadingeka ekusebenzeni okuvamile kohlelo lwezinzwa. Ikakhulu kun Vitamin E eningi kuyo (i-tocopherol, ehunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini ngokuthi "I bore progeny"). Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi phakathi neminyaka yokuvunwa okuhle komsedari, ukuzala kwesable kanye ne-squirrel kukhula kakhulu. Odokotela bathi amantongomane ephayini aqukethe izinto ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwegazi, ukuvikela isifo sofuba, i-anemia.

I-Resin yokhuni lomsedari - inhlaka - inezindawo zokugqumisa. Isikhathi eside, izakhamizi zaseSiberia kanye ne-Urals basebenzise zona ukwelapha amanxeba okuhlanza, ukusika, ukusha. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, i-resin yomsedari yayisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezibhedlela ukwelapha amasosha alimele. Wavikela amanxeba ekuthelelekeni, wayeka izinqubo zobugebengu.

Iphayini yemisedari yaseSiberia (IsiLatin: iPinus sibirica) © Katherine

Izinaliti zicebile ku-vitamin C, carotene. Ine-calcium eminingi, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-iron, ithusi, i-cobalt.

Izinkuni zomsedari nazo zibalulekile. Njengoba inezinto ezingama-bactericidal, amabhu awaqali amakhabethe enziwe ngokhuni lomsedari. Izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukene eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi (izinti zepensela, izintambo zentambo, ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo).

Lesi sihlahla sihle ngengubo yaso eluhlaza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Izici zokulwa namahlathi emisedari nazo ziphezulu. Umoya ezinsikeni zawo ucishe ungcole.

I-pine pine pine (lat.Pinus sibirica). IBotanical Ingadi yasePoland Isikhungo Sezesayensi, eWarsaw. © Crusier

Umsedari waseSiberia kudala wabeletha ezweni lethu. Imisedari ekhula ngokuphumelelayo etshalwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha, eduze naseLeningrad, Yaroslavl; iminyaka yabanye babo idlula iminyaka eyi-100-200; iqhakaza ngempumelelo, ithele izithelo futhi inikeze imbewu evuthiwe ngisho naku-Arctic. Imisedari eminingi itshalwe abalimi abangama-amateur ezakhiweni zomuntu siqu nasezivandeni ezihlangene.

Lapho ufuya umsedari waseSiberia, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi awukwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esomile, kepha ukhetha inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma umhlabathi ovundile ongavuthiwe.

Izinhlayiya ezincane zikaphayini womsedari waseSiberia egatsheni © ugraland

Yisakaze ngobunjalo ngokuxhunyelelwa izithombo zikaphayini ojwayelekile, kepha ikakhulukazi ngembewu. Lapho amahlumela amnene, angagugi avele nje aqothulwe enhlabathini, izinyoni (ikakhulu amaqhubu) zisikhuhla ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo kufanele zikhule ngaphansi kokugoqwa kwepulasitiki.

Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokuhlwanyelwa ekwindla kwembewu. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, okungukuthi, inyanga ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi iqhume, imbewu ihlwanyelwa emigqomeni elungiselelwe futhi embozwe ngamagatsha wefir ukuze ivikeleke kumagundane anjengegundane. Futhi entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, imbewu inika amahlumela amahle.

Lapho lihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, imbewu yemisedari yaseSiberia idinga ukuhlukaniswa okuphoqelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afakwe emanzini afudumele (25-30 ° C) izinsuku ezingama-4-6. Njalo ngezinsuku ezi-1-2, amanzi ayaguqulwa. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi somfula esihlanzwa kahle noma ama-peat chip bese igcinwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ingxube ihlanganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi inyanyekwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu iyaluma ezinsukwini ezingama-50-60. Imbewu ye-Bent iyathathwa emakhazeni futhi igcinwe kuze kube yilapho ihlwanyela emazingeni okushisa asondele ku-0 ° C.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (ngokuya ngezimo zezulu). Ngomhlaka 1 m² 50 kuya ku-300 g yembewu ingahlwanyelwa. Ukujula kokushumeka kwabo kungamasentimitha angama-3-4. Ifilimu yepulasitiki evikela imbewu nezithombo kusuka ezinyinyeni isuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi igobolondo liwile ezitshalweni eziqhamukayo.

Ngezilimo eziqinisiwe, izithombo ziyathula. Lapho nje amahlumela avela ngesdolo elixegayo, ayabiwa, ahlelwe, izimpande ziyasikwa futhi zitshaleke ngaphansi kwesikhonkwane emaphethelweni kuze kufike ekujuleni okufanayo lapho zazikhona. Isikimu sokutshala esingu-20X20 cm noma ama-20X10 cm.Ungahudula izithombo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kwezithombo. Ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, izinga lokusinda kwezithombo zomsedari ngemuva kwe-dive liphezulu kakhulu - lifinyelela kuma-95%. Eminyakeni engama-2-3 ngemuva kokuthathwa, kutholakala into enhle yokutshala enezimpande ezithuthukisiwe, enomthelela ekusindeni okungcono kwezithombo ngemuva kokufakelwa endaweni engapheli.