Emndenini we-malvaceae kunezitshalo eziningi ezifanele ukunakwa, ezibandakanya abutilon. Iheha ukunakwa kwayo ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zayo, njengoba kwenzeka ngesimo sesihlahla somhlwathi, isihlahla noma utshani. Uthole ukwabiwa okukhulu kunakho konke eMelika, e-Asia, e-Australia nase-Afrika. Izindawo ahlala kuzo ziyindawo ezishisayo nezindawo ezisabisayo zamazwekazi aqanjwe ngegama, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ze-abutilon.
Abutilon eyaziwa ngokuthi i-maple yasendlini, okungachazwa ubukhona bamaqabunga akhethekile athambile. Isici sabo sesici ukuba khona kwesimo esithandekayo kanye nenzipho eyenziwe nge-serated, ebenza bafana kakhulu nabamephu we-maple. Futhi, lesi sitshalo saziwa njengentambo. Kungachazwa iqiniso lokuthi i-coarse fiber yenziwe ngayo, evumela ukwenziwa kwezintambo kanye ne-wickerwork.
Imephu yasendlini ijwayelekile kubalimi abaningi emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba. Wathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokungazethembi kwakhe. Lesi sitshalo sinesisindo esisheshayo esisheshayo, ngaphezu kwalokhu, izimbali zaso zinokubukeka okuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-abutilon egumbini lokuphumula kuzokwenza kukhange ngokwengeziwe.
Lapho udala izimo ezinhle, imbali ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2. Eminyakeni yamuva, inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezibandayo kanye ne-hybrid ziye zatholakala, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi, umthunzi wamaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence.
Libukeka kanjani i-abutilone?
Phakathi kwabalimi abafuywayo hhayi kuphela, i-abutilon (imephu yasendlini) iye yasakazeka njengomuthi ongapheli nesihlahla. Lesi sakhiwo semephu yasendlini ihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amakhulu, kanye nama-drooping inflorescences-lanterns, ahlotshiswe ngezinyawo ezinde.
Kakade emavikini okuqala entwasahlobo abutilon athokozela ngezimbali lokho qala kuphela ukubuna ekwindla sekwephuzile. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-abutilon, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziqhakaza njalo. Zingahluka ngombala wamaqabunga, angahle abe nohlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olunamabala noma owenziwe ngezihlahla. Izithungo zezimbali eziqukethe i-stamens ende ne-pestle nazo zibukeka zangempela: zingaba nemibala emhlophe, e-orange, epinki, ebomvu, yegolide kanye ne-burgundy. Futhi, izitshalo zingahluka ngesimo sembali, ngesisekelo lapho izinhlobo ezilula nezetry abutilon zihlukaniswa.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ziyasazi lesi sitshalo, ezisithatha njengesitshalo esiyingqayizivele. Ngokusho kwabo, ukukhula kwe-abutilon kulusizo kubantu abavame ukubhekana nokudangala. Okokuqala, izinguquko ezinhle ezivela ebukhoneni bakhe zizwakala ngabantu abasebenza umsebenzi wabo ehhovisi futhi ohambisana nezimo ezicindezelayo. Umphumela opholile Cishe wonke umuntu wethu angayizwa, ekhonjiswa ngokuyinhloko esigabeni sezimbali se-abutilon. Okwamanje, ososayensi abakwazanga ukuqonda ukuthi kubangelwa yini lokhu, kodwa iningi labalimi bezimbali abanolwazi babeqiniseka ngomphumela we-abutilon.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-abutilone
Le mbali ihluke kakhulu, ngoba ifaka izinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo ezingaba umhlobiso ofanele endlini.
Abutilon Sello
Isici esibonakalayo sale nhlobonhlobo e-hybrid ukuba khona kwamaqabunga ayimigqa. I-maple yasekhaya inesiqu esincane esinamagatsha, lapho amahlumela aqondile ama-pubescent akhula khona. Amaqabunga anezinhlaka ezintathu ezindala ezinethiphu ekhomba.
Umhlobiso walezi zinhlobonhlobo izimbali onsomi okhanyayo ngemithambo epinki. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala maphakathi nehlobo futhi siqhubeka kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Lapho kudala izimo ezinhle, izitshalo zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama.
Abutilon Hybrid
Lo ngomunye wabamele abavelele bez nzalo zaseMelika, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi. Imvamisa, ikhula ngendlela yesihlahla esihlala sikhula esinamagxolo ansundu. Amaqabunga, avame ukuba nemithwalo emithathu noma emihlanu, abukeka ngokungajwayelekile. I-Pubescence ayikho emaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezimbali, ezihlotshiswe ngendlela yensimbi. Zigcinwa ku-petioles, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Ama-hue abo ahlukahlukene kakhulu, angaba mhlophe, abomvu, abe golide noma abe burgundy. I-specimens enkulu kunazo zonke ingakhula ifinyelele ku-1.5 m.
Abutilon Darwin
Ngaphandle kokuthi le nhlobonhlobo ikhulume ngezakhiwo zokuhlobisa, ayitholakali njalo ezindlini zabalimi. Ngenkathi yokukhula, le zinhlobo ziyakheka amaqabunga amakhulu efomu elinemigodi emithathu, zigcinwa kuma-petioles amade, atholakala kusilika ngamahlumela we-pubescent, akhula ngobude kuze kufike kumamithi ayi-1. Amaqabunga akhiwe engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu angaba nomumo onamabala ayisikhombisa. I-blade etholakala maphakathi, njengomthetho, iphakeme kakhulu. Izimbali ziwumbala wensimbi, owolintshi onamathambo abomvu. Ukusuka kwisono esisodwa akukho ama-inflorescence ayi-3 angakhula. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-abutilon ziqala ukuqhakaza emasontweni okuqala ka-Ephreli, futhi ukuqothuka kwama-inflorescences kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Abutilon Juliet
Le nhlobonhlobo igqamile kwabanye ngokungathobeki kwayo okuphezulu. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ngoba ikhula ngokushesha, ngoba ingangezelela kufika ku-5 cm ngesizini ethile. Abutilon Juliet ilungele ukukhula ngaphakathi ezindlini ngenxa yezimo zokukhanya ezingakhanyi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zayo zihlala unyaka wonke. Izimbali zikhulu ngokwanele, ifinyelela ububanzi obungu-6 cm. Lapho ukhula lolu hlobo ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yezimbali zokuqala, ungalinda kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezi-5.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Abutilone ekhaya
Kwabasebenza ngezimbali abanolwazi, imephu yasendlini iyathakazelisa ngenxa yokuthobeka kwayo ekunakekelweni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwenzeka kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo, kunemithetho okufanele ilandelwe. Yize ukukhanya okuzuzisa i-Abutilon, akufanele kube kukhanya kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo kunconywa ukuyikhulisa kuvulandi, kunikeze umthunzi. Ukufafaza umqhele njalo kuyadingeka. Lesi silinganiso sizosiza ukukhuthaza ukukhula.
Ukuze i-butilon iqhume kakhulu isizini yonke, kuzofanele udlulise njalo esitsheni esifanele. Ama-bloom we-Abutilon angalindelwa kuphela lapho uhlelo lwezimpande luwugqimba kahle wonke umhlabathi wenhlabathi. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe, futhi ngakho-ke iziqukathi ezisetshenziselwa ukufakelwa akufanele zihluka kakhulu ngevolumu kwelezi zangaphambili.
Ukukhetha komhlaba
Lesi sitshalo sizwa kungcono kunazo zonke ebhodweni eligcwele inhlabathi yonke yezimbali zasendlini. Kwezinye izimo, inhlabathi eyenziwe ekhaya nayo kufanelekile, ukulungiselela lapho izinto ezidingekayo zizodingeka:
- Umhlaba wamashidi, Peat nesihlabathi ngamanani alinganayo;
- Izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi yobumba enodaka, ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus, enye inhlabathi enamaqabunga nenye ingxenye yesibili yesihlabathi.
Ukunisela
Intwasahlobo nehlobo kuyizikhathi ezibalulekile empilweni yemephu yasendlini, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi ingena esigabeni sokuqhakaza. Ngalesi sizathu, ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ukunakekela isitshalo kudinga ukuthambisa okuningi.
- emva kokunisela okulandelayo, linda amahora ambalwa, bese ukhipha umswakama okweqile kusuka epanini;
- kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukuqapha ngokucophelela umswakama wenhlabathi, ngoba uma uhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle kwamanzi, lokhu kungavusa amaqabunga awayo nama-peduncle;
- ngoNovemba, ukwehla komsebenzi wezitshalo kuyabonakala, ngakho-ke i-abutilon idluliselwa embusweni wokunisela olinganiselayo kuze kube nguFebhuwari.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukwanelisa isidingo se-abutilone kuzakhi ezidingayo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Okunye futhi umphumela omuhle ukwethulwa kwe-slurry.
Ukusakazeka nokutshala
Ukuthola izihlahla ezintsha ze-maple yasekhaya, ungasebenzisa indlela yokutshala imbewu nokusika. Indlela yokuqala iyasebenza impela futhi ingasetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka okunamahlamvu aluhlaza.
Izimbumbulu
Indlela yokusabalalisa nge-cuttings ingasetshenziselwa noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-abutilon. Kodwa-ke, isebenza ngempumelelo ezitshalweni ezinamaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma usebenzisa indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu, akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela impahla yomama esitshalweni esisha.
I-Abutilone ingatshalwa kusuka kumisiki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza lokhu ngoMashi: ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa ukusika okunotshani, ngemuva kokusika iziqhakaza zezimbali kubo. Ehlobo, lokhu kusebenza kunconywa ukuthi kuhlelwe u-Agasti. Kungcono uma abutilon bezala ngosizo lwe-cutised lignified.
- Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela ukusikeka, okufanele kube nobude obungadluli ku-12 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukhipha ama-buds namaqabunga aphansi. Njengengxube yenhlabathi yokubamba imbala, kusetshenziswa i-substrate esekelwe esihlabathini nasetheni;
- Lapho usuqedile ukutshala isibambo, udinga ukufaka imbiza esitsheni noma udonse ifilimu lepulasitiki. Kuyadingeka ngokuphelele ukudala umbuso wokushisa ofanele egumbini, okufanele uhambisane nokushisa kwama-25 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukutshala kudinga ukwenziwa ukuba kunikezwe amanzi, kuniselwe futhi kufafazwe. Imvamisa, izinto zokutshala ziqala isikhathi eside, kuthatha okungenani inyanga eyodwa;
- lapho kwenziwa uhlelo oluhle lwezimpande kulezi zinhlaka, zidluliselwa kwezinye zezitsha ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-7 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kukhula izitshalo ezincane ze-abutilon, imithetho efanayo ibonwa njengasesimweni sezitshalo ezindala.
Ungasika nini futhi kanjani ama-abutilon?
Ngenqubo yokunakekela imephu yasendlini, udinga ukubheka ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla empeleni zenziwa entwasahlobo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukukhula kwamahlumela kuqale, kususwe kubo izingxenye ezintathu noma ezimbili ubude. Ibanga eliqondile linganqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi wesihlahla noma isihlahla. Njengomphumela wokuthena izihlahla, umuthi unganikezwa ukubukeka okukhangayo futhi okubumbene, futhi nokunikeze nokuqhakaza okuningana futhi okude. Kumahlumela amancane, ukunqamula iziqongo kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo. Kamuva, imephu yasekhaya ikhula egumbini lapho kudingeka khona amazinga okushisa aphezulu nomswakama.
Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokulwa nazo
Yize i-butylone ingakhula ezimweni ezinzima, kodwa noma yiluphi ushintsho lwebanga lithinta kabi ngentuthuko yayo. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, izinguquko ekukhanyiseni, nezinhlaka eziqinile, ezingakhuthaza ukuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ukubuyiselwa kokukhula kungachazwa ngokushoda kwezakhi emhlabathini noma ukunisela okungafanele.
Ukubona ukuthi amaqabunga aqale ukuguquka aphuzi noma eshintshe umbala wawo ojwayelekile, kungacatshangwa ukuthi imephu yasekhaya idinga ukwanda kokukhanya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzofanele athathe elinye igumbi lapho kunokukhanya okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukufeza ushintsho olukhulu kangaka kulinywayo, konke kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane, futhi lokhu kuzodinga ukubola.
Isiphetho
I-Abutilon isitshalo esiyingqayizivele ezweni lethu. Kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amazwekazi aseMelika, ase-Afrika nase-Australia. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, iningi labantu esihlala nabo bakwazile ukujwayelana nalesi sakhiwo sangekhaya. Ama-Florists awabonga i-abutilon hhayi kuphela ngokuzithoba kwayo, kodwa nangezinto zayo zokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umhlwanyeli angajabulela lezi zimbali ezingavamile, noma ngabe unesipiliyoni.
Vele, umphumela omuhle kakhulu ungatholakala uma unamathela emithethweni yokukhula kwe-abutilon. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunaka isitshalo kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhula kusuka kuma-cutways. Ngempela, kulesi sigaba isitshalo esizayo sibekwa, ukunakekelwa kwayo kungathinta ukuthi kungakanani okungakufeza okulindelwe ngumniniyo.
