Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo amagilebhisi, umlimi kufanele azi izidingo eziyisisekelo zalesi sitshalo ngezimo zokuphila futhi, ngokuhambisana nalokhu, anqume indawo yokutshala esakhelweni sakhe, khetha izinhlobo ezifanele futhi ahlele ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezihlahla. Masizame ukwakha lezi zidingo ngamafuphi.
Amagilebhisi athanda ukufudumala. Amahlumela aqala ukuqhakaza ngo-10-12 °. Amahlumela akhula ngokushesha kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angama-25-30 °. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinga lokushisa elihle ngu-22-25 °. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lamagilebhisi avuthiwe lingama-25-30 °. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla lifinyelela ku-15-16 °, amajikijolo avuthwa kancane, ukuqongelela amaSubars kuyancipha noma kuyeke. Ukushisa okungaphezulu kwama-40 ° ngokuntuleka komswakama kuvimbela ukukhula futhi kungadala ukushiswa kwamaqabunga namajikijolo. Ukulinyazwa ukushiswa, amaqabunga ayoma futhi awele, futhi amajikijolo ajika abe nsundu, akhanye futhi omile.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Hhayi kuphela okuphezulu, kepha futhi nokushisa okuphansi kunomthelela ongemuhle ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, iqhwa lasekwindla lokuqala lisusa u-4-6 ° liholele ekulimaleni nasekufeni kwamahlamvu aphakathi namehlo ebusika. Isithwathwa sasebusika esingama-24-25 ° singalimaza izinhlobo eziningi ezingabekelwe ubusika (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zesithwathwa kakhulu nobusika obuqinile, lezi ikakhulukazi inzalo nge-Amur noma yaseMelika - isabella - "igazi"). Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi engxenyeni yezimpande kuya ku-5-7 °, izimpande ziqandeka. Ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi okuvuvukala kwentwasahlobo ngomonakalo weqhwa okungenani ngu-3-4 °, amahlumela amancane aluhlaza bese amaqabunga esusa ku-1 °, kuma-inflorescence okungenani ngu-0,5 °.
Ezindaweni lapho amafrimu entwasahlobo evame ukuhlangana khona, ngikweluleka abalimi ukuthi bangagijimisi ukomisa lesi sihlahlana sehlathi ku-trellis, ukuze kuthi lapho sekuhanjwa ungamboza izihlahla, kuthi emva kokuqandisa, uvule bese uzama ukubopha ngokucophelela imivini ngama-buds asevele evulekile. Ezindaweni lapho amafrimu asentwasahlobo evame ukwenziwa khona, asikho isidingo sokujaha ngodoti oluhlaza, lapha ngincoma ukunikela ukukhetha ezinhlobonhlobo lapho, lapho amahlumela avela efihlekile eyinhloko elimele, i-fruiting yenzeka ekubuyiseni ama-buds (i-Baklanovsky, Muscat Delight, Galbena nou, Victoria, Timur, Elf, I-Kishmish Zaporizhzhya, i-Crystal, izinhlobo ze-isabella, njll.).
Lapho kuchazwa izinhlobo, kuvame into enjengokuthi inani lokushisa okusebenzayo (CAT). Yini le E-viticulture, izinga lokushisa lomoya lansuku zonke le-10 ° libizwa ngokuthi liyasebenza, ngoba lokhu kungukushisa komkhawulo lapho izinqubo zokukhula sezivele zibonakala esitshalweni samagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, i-CAT isamba sawo wonke amazinga okushisa komoya aphakathi nosuku kusuka ku-10 ° nangaphezulu esikhathini kusukela ekusungulweni kokushisa okunjalo kuya ekuvuthweni kwamajikijolo ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-CAT akuyona into edlula isamba sokushisa okusebenzayo okudingwa yizinhlobonhlobo ezithile ukuze isitshalo sivuthwe ngokuphelele. I-CAT icatshangelwa indawo ngayinye, imininingwane mayelana nalokhu ivame ukwenzeka ezinkombeni zezulu zesifunda.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Amagilebhisi athanda ukukhanya kakhulu. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamaqabunga kuyaphazamiseka, amahlamvu wezithelo awabekwa, umkhiqizo uncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukumelana nesihlahla kwezifo kuya kubhebhetheka. Uma ucabanga ngalokhu, ungatshali izihlahla zomvini phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo, kungcono ukwaba izindawo ngaphansi kwesivini esikhanyiswe kahle ukukhanya kwelanga usuku lonke, futhi sisebenzise isiko elilinganisiwe nodonga. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanyisa isihlahla zitholakala ngobuningi bokutshala obufanele, ukubeka izihlahla ku-trellis, ukwakha, ukubopha ngokuqondile nangesikhathi okunembile kwamahlumela, ukuqhekeka amahlumela ngokweqile, ukucwilisa kanye neminye imikhuba yezolimo. Izihlahla zomvini kufanele zibekwe ngokulandelayo: kusuka ezihlahleni kufanele okungenani zibe yi-6-7 m, ziye ezihlahleni - okungenani ama-2-3 m, ezindongeni zezindlu - 1-1.5 m. Ngokubeka eceleni i-veranda noma i-balcony, kwanele ukutshala izihlahla ezi-1-2 zezitshalo ezinde izinhlobonhlobo futhi uziholele ekwakhiweni kwemikhono eminingi yabalandeli, lapho-ke bezokwenza luhlaza egcekeni banikeze isivuno esikhulu samagilebhisi.
Amagilebhisi ayisitshalo esivumelana nesomiso. Vele, izitshalo eziphakeme nezisezingeni eliphakeme ziveza amagilebhisi ezimweni zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kahle. Isidingo sesihlahla samagilebhisi somswakama ezikhathini ezihlukile zokuthuthuka asifani. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, udinga ukunisela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela aluhlaza nangemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho kuqala ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwamajikijolo. Amanzi, nokho, angahambi nje kuphela ukuze kusizakale amagilebhisi, kodwa futhi nokulimaza, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ngokungacabangi futhi kungafanele. Uma unisela amagilebhisi ngesikhathi esingafanele futhi ngevolumu engalungile njengoba edinga, lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni kokukhula kwesihlahla nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezithelo. Umswakama owedlulele enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali uyalimaza kakhulu impova; izimbali ziyachitheka. Ukuchelela okuthe xaxa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kuholela ekunciphiseni kwepulpiti, ukuncipha kokuqukethwe ushukela wejusi le-berry, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwamajikijolo! Amagilebhisi anjalo akhethwa ngokushesha ngondlunkulu, iminyovu kanye nezifo zokukhunta. Njengomphumela, ungalahlekelwa kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-100% wesilimo! Ngomswakama omningi womhlabathi, ukumiswa kwezimpande nakho kuyayeka, ukukhula nokukhula kwamahlumela kubuthaka, futhi ubukhulu bamaqoqo namajikijolo ancipha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta kunomthelela kwiimvula ezibuthakathaka nezihlasimulisayo. Idolobha limane nje liyinhlekelele yemvelo esivinini, liphula amahlumela, liqhekeze amaqabunga bese libhubhisa isivuno. Endabeni yokulimala kwezihlahla ngesichotho, zonke amahlumela athintekile nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo kufanele zinqunywe ukuze kukhule ukukhula komvini omusha wokuvunwa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Amagilebhisi avumelana nezimo futhi angakhula enhlabathini lapho ezinye izilimo zezithelo nemifino zingenakukwazi ukuhlala khona (izihlabathi, amatshe enhlabathi, njll.). Ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi nekhwalithi yawo, kanye nekhwalithi yjusi, kuncike kakhulu kuhlobo lomhlabathi. Ezinhlobonhlobo zetafula lokhu akubalulekile kangako, kepha ngezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe (ewayinini) kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukucabanga ukuthi isitshalo samagilebhisi asifuneki nhlobo emhlabathini asilungile. Ngohlelo lwempande, amanzi kanye nezinto zamaminerali ancibilikisiwe kungena engxenyeni esemoyeni, ngakho-ke uhlobo lomhlabathi lusakuthinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezihlahla, ikhwalithi yesitshalo, kanye nokumelana nesitshalo nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho uzijwayela ngencazelo yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi. Izincazelo eziningi zibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezikhula enhlabathini yendawo ethile. Lapho lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidluliselwa kwenye indawo enezulu-zezulu, izinguquko zingavela ezicini ezihlukanisayo zamaqoqo namajikijolo, ngamandla ekukhuleni kwesihlahla, ngokumelana nesithwathwa nesifo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, ezithandeka kakhulu yinhlabathi elula yesihlabathi. Uma kule ndawo inhlabathi isindayo, khona-ke amatshe amatshe amatshe (i-gravel encane - "imbewu", hhayi ama-cobblestones), isihlabathi, i-humus kumele ifakwe emgodini wokutshala. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi endaweni okuhloselwe kuyo amagilebhisi, amanzi asemhlabathini anenqwaba kasawoti alele eduze. Endabeni yokutshala isivini kule nhlabathi enjalo, kumane kudingekile ukwenza amanzi ukuhambisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Amaxhaphozi okutshala amagilebhisi awakulungele ngokuphelele.
Njengoba amakamelo ehlobo ehlobo avame ukuba mancane, amagilebhisi ngokuvamile atshalwa eduze kwezindonga zezindlu nezinye izakhiwo. Izindonga zezindlu zivikela izitshalo emoyeni obandayo, amagilebhisi awachayeki kakhulu kwisithwathwa, izimila ezimweni ezinjalo zivame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili futhi ziphela ngemuva kwenyanga kunezimo "zensimu". Konke lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kakhulu uhla lwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ngokuwukhulisa ezinwebeleni zasenyakatho futhi uthole isivuno esihle.
Manje mayelana nokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Akusizi, ukuthopha ngokukhangisa, ukuthenga izinhlobo ezintsha (ezihloliwe) nezincane ezifundwe kancane (ama-hybrid) zamagilebhisi, akumele uthenge okutshalwayo kubathengisi abangahleliwe. Njengomthetho, laba bantu uqobo abazibandakanyanga kulinywe amagilebhisi, "bathengisa nje izimpahla." Ngokuthenga izinto zokutshala kusuka kubathengisi abanjalo, ubeka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yiminyaka futhi uzenzele izindleko ezingezekile. Esikhathini esiningi samacala, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokulinda, kuvela ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo azihlangabezani nezidingo zomgcini wegadi noma isiqinisekiso somthengisi, futhi kuzodingeka ususe noma ugaye kabusha isihlahla.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Lapho ukhetha, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe izinhlobo ezifakazelwe, okuthi ezimweni zasendaweni kubonakale isivuno esiphakeme nesizinzileyo, amajikijolo ekhwalithi enhle namaqhubu, okungcono ngokuqina kwezifo kanye nokuqina kobusika. Ukukhethwa kwamagilebhisi kwanamuhla, impumelelo yayo yenza ukuthi ukwazi ukukhetha kahle isiqiniseko esasiyohlangabezana nezidingo zakho ngazo zonke izindlela. Uma uhlela ukutshala amagilebhisi endaweni okungekho muntu owake wakwenza lokhu ngaphambili, lapho-ke udinga ukugxila kakhulu ezinhlamvini zokuqala kakhulu nasekuvuthiseni imvelaphi ye-interspecific, ngesizini elifushane lokukhula, ngokuvuthwa okuhle komvini nendawo yokuhlala yawo eyisibopho ebusika.
Khumbula ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zohlobo lwezimbali ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zitshalwe eduze kwesitshalo esinezihlahla eziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyinto efiselekayo (kepha hhayi ngokubaluleke kakhulu) ukubeka izihlahla ngamaqembu ngokuya ngokuvuthwa.
Ngokufanelekile, imigqa yesivini kufanele ibekwe eceleni komugqa osenyakatho-eningizimu enqunywe yikhampasi (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu!), Esizeni esivuleke usuku lonke ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Kepha uma lesi simo singeke sabonwa, khona-ke ukuhlukaniswa okuningana kokufika kuvunyelwe isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwamahora ama-3-4. Kungcono lapho umvini uthola ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo ekuseni, bese ukhubazeka - kusihlwa.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Ukunikezwa kokushisa kanye nokonga okushisa kwesivini kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okungathí sina, ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho ukushisa okwanele. Yini enganconywa kulokhu? Tshala izihlahla eduze kwezakhiwo noma uthango. Setha uthango oluqinile olu-2 m phezulu enyakatho kanye (noma) uhlangothi olusenyakatho-mpumalanga. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umphumela wokupholisa komoya ngebanga le-14-15 m ukusuka kocingo. Tshala izihlahla emigqonyeni. Uhlanga lupholisa ngokushesha - kanti isihlahla samagilebhisi sithola ukushisa okwengeziwe. Gcina inhlabathi ngaphansi komusi omnyama. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ingambozwa ngefilimu esobala. Ngaphansi kwefilimu esobala, inhlabathi, evikelekile emoyeni, ifudumala ngokushesha nangaphezulu phakathi nosuku, futhi konke ukushisa kusele esivinini. Uma kwenzeka ukushisa, susa ifilimu elisobala.
Ukupenda izigxobo ze-trellis kanye nocingo ngombala omnyama, lokhu kuyanikeza, yize kuncane, ukwanda kokushisa. Bumba amatshe amakhulu esivinini. Bazokuqongelela ukushisa, kuthi ebusuku bayinikeze izihlahla. Mboza izisekelo ngohlaka lwamatshe.
Hlela izikrini ezibonisayo ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho noma olusentshonalanga, kanye nokusakazeka emhlabathini. Nisela izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele.
Udinga nje ukukhumbula ukuthi enyakatho entwasahlobo, inhlabathi, njengomthetho, isivele iqukethe umswakama owedlulele, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhathazeke ngokudonsa okuhle. Ukusetshenziswa "kwamaqhinga amancane" anjalo kugcina kunyusa inani lokushisa okusebenzayo phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula ngamadigri ayi-500 noma ngaphezulu.
Amagilebhisi (Amagilebhisi)Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:
- A.Dmitriev, Volgograd.
- I-S.Krasohina, Ozongena Kwisayensi Yezolimo, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Sezinto Zonke saseRussia seViticulture neWinemaking, Isifunda saseRostov, iNovocherkassk
