IBlackcurrant iyi-shrub ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi. Kuzodinga umzamo omncane ukusikhulisa, kepha ezinye izici zalesi sitshalo zidingekile nje ukwazi. Ukuthuthuka okugcwele kwesiko nenani lokuvuna kuzoncika kulokhu.
Izithelo ze-currant zithathwa njengezinempilo ngendlela emangalisayo, zigcwele inani elikhulu lamavithamini ahlukahlukene nezinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. Kungakho cishe bonke abalimi bekhulisa izihlahla ezimnyama emasimini abo. Amajikijolo angadliwa amasha, aqandisiwe, omisiwe. Zingagcinwa, zenziwe kubo ama-juices noma ama-compotes, asetshenziselwe ukugcwalisa ophaya futhi njengomhlobiso wamaqebelengwane, ongezwe kuma-berry mousses kanye nama-jellies, ujamu obilisiwe futhi wenza newayini.
IBlackcurrant ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaKryzhovnikov futhi iyisitshalo sangemuva esingakhiqiza isivuno esiningi nesisezingeni eliphakeme seminyaka engu-10-15. Impilo ende enjalo, isiko lidinga ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nezimo zikhululekile lapho zikhula. Isihlahla siqukethe amagatsha weminyaka ehlukene, atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene. Lokhu kulungiswa kwamagatsha kufaka isandla esikhathini eside sokwenza izithelo.
Ukutshala nokukhula ama-currants amnyama
Ukukhetha izithombo
Udinga ukuqala ngokukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala. Ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwesiko kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo kuzoncika kulokhu kukhethwa. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuthi kuthengwe izithombo ezincane zokugcina izithombo emnyama ezinkulisa ezikhethekile. Ezimweni eziningi, izithombo ezinjalo ziqala ukuba nezithelo ngenkathi ehlobo elandelayo ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Izihlahlana ezingama-currant zithanda kakhulu inhlabathi enomswakama, ngakho-ke zingakhula ezimweni zomthunzi oyingxenye, lapho umswakama uhlala khona isikhathi eside. Indawo yokutshala isiko lama-berry kufanele ibe nomhlabathi oswakanyisiwe, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nomoya oqinile womoya.
Isikhathi nesikhathi sokufika
Ukufiswa kwenziwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, kuya ngesimo sezulu esifundeni. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, kunconywa ukutshala izithombo ekwindla. Bayoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa futhi ehlobo elizayo kungaletha izithelo zokuqala.
Ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kuyinto efiselekayo. Kuyadingeka ukutshala i-currant kuze kufike lapho ihlumela lokuqala liqala ukuqhakaza kuyo.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele isiko futhi kube lula ukunakekela izihlahlana, imigodi yokutshala kufanele ibekwe kude okungenani ne-1.5-2 m ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi cishe okufanayo kufanele kushiywe phakathi kwezintambo. Lapho utshala kude, kungenzeka ukuthi kwehle isivuno kanye nokuwohloka kwezimpawu ezisezingeni lezithelo.
Emigodini yokufika enobubanzi obungu-60 cm kanye nokujula okungama-45-50 cm, kufanele uthele kuqala ingxube elungiselelwe - Umanyolo. Ine-potassium chloride (50 g), superphosphate (100 g) ne-humus enomhlabathi (1 ibhakede elikhulu). Ukusuka ngaphezulu, ukondla, udinga ukuthulula ungqimba lomhlabathi olungamasentimitha ayisithupha, oluzovikela uhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo olusencane ekushisweni.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Njengemvuno ephezulu yezithombo, okunye ukuhlukahluka kwengxube kungathululelwa emigodini yokutshala. Siqukethe umlotha wezinkuni (ama-milliliters angama-250), izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba ezilinganayo kanye ne-humus.
Indlela yokufaka
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka izithombo ze-currant emgodini hhayi ngokuqondile, kepha ngokuthambekela okuncane bese ujula cishe ngo-5-6 cm.
Ungayinakekela kanjani izithombo ezincane
Masishane ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthambisa okuninginingi nokuhlanganisa inhlabathi nge-humus noma ungqimba oluncane lwesihlabathi somfula. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe owokuqala futhi obaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinso lokuthena izithombo. Kuphela ama-4-5 e-buds kuphela okufanele aqhubeke kuhlolo ngalunye, wonke amanye asuswe.
Imithetho Ye-Shrub Ukunakekelwa
Ukunisela
Umthamo nokuvama kokunisela kuncike ezicini eziningi: isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, ukwakheka kanye nezinga lomswakama wenhlabathi endaweni, kanye nasezingeni lokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Ukuchelela okuningana kuyadingeka ukuze kube ne-blackcurrant ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela, ngenkathi kusungulwa i-ovary, esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezithelo nangemva kokuvuna. Kunconyelwe futhi ukufulela izihlahlana zamanzi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezomile zasehlobo nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo nemvula engandile.
Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi
Lo mthetho obalulekile wokunakekelwa kwe-blackcurrant kumele wenziwe njalo, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwedlule okungenani ngenyanga. Ukuthukululwa kwenziwa ngokungashisi.
Izihlahla
Kunconywa ukuba unciphise amahlumela angenamandla futhi angathuthuki kahle ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala (ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo) kanye namahlumela awengeziwe ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Ngemuva kokuthenwa kwesithathu, amagatsha anamandla kuphela kunenani lezingabi ngaphezu kwesihlanu okufanele asale phezu kwesihlahla. Ngesizini ngayinye elandelayo, le nqubo isivele idingeka kuphela njengenguquko kanye nokwenza kabusha isiko. Izihlahla kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivule. Kunconywa ukususa amahlumela amancane, kanye namahlumela owomile, owomile nowesibili.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IBlackcurrant yisitshalo esidla amabhele esivame ukuhambisana nezifo nezinambuzane. Umgcini wegadi udinga ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi futhi ukuze angaphuthelwa isikhathi sokubonakala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi noma isifo nokuqeda izitshalo kuzo.
Izilokazane ezivame kakhulu ezi-currant yi-mite yezinso kanye ne-vitreous, kanye nezifo ezenzeka njalo - ukubonwa okumhlophe, i-anthracnose kanye nokugqwala kwe-goblet.
I-tick yisinambuzane ezihlala ngaphakathi kwezinso futhi zidle kokuqukethwe kwesitshalo ngaphandle kokushiya. Kungakho kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhomba ngamehlo. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho banquma ukubukeka kwethikhi le-currant ngesimo nosayizi wezinso. Kudala ngaphambi kokudalulwa kwayo, ikhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi, okuwukufakazelwa kobukhona benkathazo kuyo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka yenziwe ukususa ngokushesha wonke ama-buds anjalo, bese ufafaza izihlahlana ezimnyama (konke ngaphandle kokuthola izixazululo). Isixazululo se-10% se-malathion, kanye nokufakwa kukagalikhi noma ugwayi, kuzobhekana ngokuphelele nalesi sinambuzane.
Ukuba khona kwengilazi ye-currant kungabonakala ngokubambezeleka kwenkathi yezimbali kumahlumela ngamanye. Kufanele zisuswe kakade ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi zonke izihlahlana kufanele ziphathwe ngokufakwa kumlotha noma ngokufakwa umhlonyane.
Ukubona amabala amhlophe kungalimaza amaqabunga hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuvame ukusakazekela ezitsheni. Isixazululo nge-zethusi sulfate, esifafazwe ngazo zonke izitshalo, sizosiza ukonga izitshalo. Izimpawu zalesi sifo yizindawo ezincane ezinsundu (cishe amasentimitha angama-2-3), eziba mhlophe maphakathi nengxenye yazo.
I-Anthracnose yisifo sengxenye yeqabunga. Amabala amancane - amashubhu ane-tint brown angathinta inani elikhulu lamaqabunga ngesikhathi esifushane. Kunconywa ukufafaza ngesisombululo esisuselwa ku-sulfate yethusi, hhayi kuphela izilimo ezingama-berry ezinesifo, kodwa konke ukutshala izihlahla ezakhiwe, kanye nenhlabathi ezungezile.
Ukugqwala kwenqwaba kuvame ukubonakala eduze ne-currant sedge endaweni. Lesi sifo fungal singanqotshwa ngokususa amaqabunga anegciwane adinga ukushiswa nokwelapha izitshalo nge-fungicides.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-blackcurrant izokhula iminyaka eminingi futhi ilethe inani elikhulu lamajikijolo athambile futhi anempilo.
