Ukukhiqiza, ukunambitheka kwezithelo nosayizi wazo kuxhomeke ngqo kumaqabunga anempilo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi, izinambuzane ezingubhubhane, izinambuzane noma izinambuzane zamaqabunga - kubalulekile ukuqeda ukutheleleka. Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kokuvikela insimu kusondela ngokuphelele, ngesilinganiso esisodwa abasivikela ezifweni eziningi. Umgcini wegadi angavimbela ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo, futhi angaqala ukulwa lapho isifo sesivele sonakalisa isivuno.
Izimpawu zezifo
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, noma yikuphi ukupunga, ukusonteka, noma ubumnyama beqabunga elilodwa noma igatsha kuba yisijumbana sesifo sethanga. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuvimbayo, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isifo noma izinambuzane zingavezwa kusuka endaweni engaphandle yensimu. Umgcini wegadi olalalelwayo ohamba nsuku zonke uzobona ama pears kumaqabunga enkathazo. Izifo zamaqabunga pearl zibangelwa izici ezahlukahlukene:
- isihlahla siba buthaka ngokuvunwa ngokweqile; ebusika kuhlaselwe ukuqothuka noma ukubanda kwesithwathwa;
- iparele lithole izifo fungal zamaqabunga - uqweqwe, ukushiswa kwamagciwane, ukugqwala;
- izinambuzane zihlasela lesi sitshalo.
Noma ngabe yisiphi isifo, siyabonakala emaqabunga. Izifo zizenza zibe nsundu, zimnyama, zomile. Izinambuzane zilimaza iqabunga leqabunga, futhi lokhu kubonakala kahle. Izinambuzane zamapheya kumaqabunga zingaphula amaqanda, zilimaze izithelo. Iqabunga ngalinye lisebenza ku-photosynthesis - ukwakheka kwe-chlorophyll elangeni. Iyacutshungulwa kamuva ibe izakhi zomzimba. Ambalwa amaqabunga - isitshalo siyalamba.
Izifo Ezivamile Zeparele
Iqabunga leqabunga, umbala kanye nokuma kwalo kuguquka ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Ukuze i-spore noma i-bacterium ihlasele, kudingeka izimo ezivumayo - ukuklwebeka okuvulekile, umswakama, ukushisa. Ukutheleleka kungena kalula esihlahleni esibuthakathaka noma esincane.
Isilonda se-scavenger samanje ukushiswa kwamagciwane. Imboza izingadi ngejubane lokukhanya kombani, ekuqaleni amaqabunga abukeka njengosikali, noma ashiswe yilanga. Yisifo lesi esivame kakhulu ukuba yisizathu esenza amaqabunga epheya aphenduke abe mnyama futhi aqhekeke. Lesi sifo sangeniswa sisuka eJapan naseMelika. Kunomphumela omncane ezidakamizweni ezejwayelekile. Ukwelashwa kukwa-antibiotics - uchungechunge lwe-tetracycline. Ngamaphinifa wokufafaza, isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso samathebulethi amabili ngebhakede lamanzi. Kodwa amagatsha anomonakalo osobala anqunywe, bese isilonda esivulekile siphathwa ngesisombululo samacwecwe ama-2 ku-100 g wamanzi. Indawo yokusikwa imbozwe nge-var var yengadi.
Ngokusakazeka okunamandla kwalesi sifo esihlahleni esisodwa, kufanele sibhujiswe futhi sishiswe.
Okunye ukuhlupheka ngamaqabunga epheya ukugqwala. Isifo sokukhunta esikhula phezu kwejuniper, bese izinhlwayi zithwalwa amabanga amade ngomoya, sithelela izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla. Izimpawu zokuqala ukubonakala kwamachashazi amancane aphuzi eqandeni elincane. Ziyabonakala. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, lesi sifo siya ngaphakathi, sithinta iqabunga, bese ukudumba kuvele emuva. Ziyaqhuma, kanti izinhlamvu zithinta indawo enkulu yensimu yezithelo zethanga. Amacembe awela maphakathi nehlobo, amahlumela awakhuli, amagxolo esihlahla somfula.
Ngokuvela kwezindawo zokuqala eziphuzi emaqabungeni, kudingeka wazi ukuthi ukugqwala kukuphi nokuthi kufanele ukwelashwa kanjani. Lesi sifo siqine kakhulu, selashwa iminyaka. Izindlela zokuvimbela zifaka ukwelapha umuthi ngama-fungicides amahlandla ama-3 ngesizini - ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, futhi emva kwamasonto amabili. Lapho kuvela ukugqwala, lesi sitshalo siphathwa izikhathi ezi-6 ngesizini. Ama-fungicides Kuproksat, Poliram, isibabule se-colloidal, Speed ​​asetshenziswa.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya amelana nokugqwala:
- ithini lamapheya ehlobo - Chizhovskaya, Skorangelika, Ilyinka nabanye;
- Autumn - Bere, Bosk, Borovinka red;
- akuvamile ukuba kugula kwasebusika - uNika, Bere, Yakovlevskaya.
Izilokazane Zezinambuzane
Izinambuzane zingadala ukulimala kwethanga, zihambe ngaphandle kwesitshalo, zichithe umuthi omncane. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela amasha esihlahla ahlalwa ngama-aphid. Kubonakala kusuka esiqwini noma emhlabathini ngokufika kokushisa, igibela amagatsha bese iqala ukubopha. Lapho nje kuphela amaqabunga amadala, ikoloni le-aphid lihlangana nawo.
Ukusuka kuma-aphid esihlahleni se-apula nasema-apula, amakhambi esintu asetshenziswa. Kuze kube yilapho echithe iqabunga, lesi sinambuzane singagezwa ngamanzi amanzi aqhamuka kwi-hose. Ukufafaza ngokufakwa kwegalikhi, i-celandine, i-dandelion, insipho iyasiza. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yizinambuzane kuphela ezingamelana nalesi sifo. Isifutho sokuvimbela singenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali namaqanda amancane. Ibhande elinamathelayo lokuzingela elifakwe esiqwini kuzovikela ama-aphid ekukhuphukeni kusuka emhlabathini, ukushaywa ngamhlophe kungabhubhisa amaqanda esiqwini.
Uma amaqabunga ehlanzekile ehlanzekile, angenacala, kufanele ngenzeni? Sabheka iminyaka uvemvane ocacile grey - ipheshana. Ubeke amaqanda, kuphume amacimbi. Baqala ubuthi bufaka ujusi, kusuka lapho amaseli amaqabunga aguqula ukwakheka kwathi iqabunga laphenduka ishubhu. Kamuva, ishidi limnyama, libe mnyama, liwe. Ungalahlekelwa ngu-80% wamahlamvu. Ehlobo, lapho kuthululelwa izithelo, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali awakwazi ukusetshenziswa, futhi amakhambi abantu cishe awasizi. Ungasebenzisa i-biological compounds - i-Bitoxibacillin ne-Lepidocide, noma ama-enzyme - Fitoverm, Akarin. Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Ukuvimbela eliphakathi kweqabunga eliphakathi kwe-pearl kuqukethe izindlela:
- ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo kwamabheshi kanye namagatsha e-lime skeletal;
- ukuphathwa kwesihlahla ekulaleni kwamahlamvu kusuka kulo lonke ubusika ngeLungiselelo 30;
- ukukha amaqabunga nezithelo eziwile kwizimbungulu;
- izingibe ezilengiswayo ngeheyisi ebunjiwe;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamabhande okuzingela.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sasehlobo uvemvane, ama-insecticides angasetshenziswa. Amakhemikhali othintana nawo angasetshenziswa esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, amacimbi afihla ngaphakathi kukhukhunathi futhi awafinyeleleki.
Okunye ukuhlaselwa kwethayi yinyongo. Lesi isibungu esincane se-cephalopod sincane kune-1 mm esinemilenze emine. Zimhlophe noma zipinki. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngumoya noma inkathazo ithwalwa ngezingubo nezicathulo.
Amakhambi e-Folk ekulweni nezindlala zenyongo awasizi. Isinambuzane esihlosiwe salesi sinambuzane i-Vertimek ne-Proclame. Umuthi uphathwa ngokuphelele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuvunwa nangaphambi kwesithwathwa.
Lesi sinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi ibhungane noma i-weevil. Isinambuzane esincane, esingaphansi kuka-5 mm nondescript singashiya isihlahla ngaphandle kwesilimo. Kusukela ekwindla, imisa iziqhakaza zezithelo epanini, entwasahlobo aziqhakaze, zidliwe kusuka ngaphakathi yizibungu zamabhungane. Ehlobo, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo esithelweni.
Uma i-weevil itholakala pale, ungalwa kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukwelashwa ngokumelene ne-weevil kwenziwa ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla - iKarbofos, Aktellik, Metaphos. Ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala nokuvulwa kwamahlamvu lapho kubanda kuze kufike ku-+10 degrees, isihlahla siyanyakaziswa, bese amabhungane awa phezu kukadoti. Bangeniswe emanzini ngophalafini.
