Umlando wezitshalo ezithile ezitshalwe ngumuntu unezigidi zeminyaka eziningana. Ukujwayelana nabantu, njengenye yohlobo lomndeni wakwa-Aroid, kwaqala kuphela inxenye eyodwa nesigamu edlule, kodwa ngisho nalesi sikhathi kwavela izinganekwane eziningi futhi ngezinye izikhathi imibono ephikelelayo eqhubekayo ezungeze izitshalo.
Umuntu uvame ukuzwa umbono ophathelene nemvelaphi ye-Anthurium futhi ukuthi izinhlobo zezimbali ezihle ezithandekayo zingabomdabu baseziQithini zePacific, kubandakanya iHawaii. Ngempela, ukungena kuleli paradesi lomhlaba, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukusiza ngokumangala ngokwahluka komhlaba wezitshalo, lapho i-Anthuriums ihlala kwenye yezindawo eziphambili.
Namuhla, yilesi siko esithathwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo yeHawaii," uphawu ne-talisman yendawo. Ama-nzalo amaningi kakhulu angajwayelekile futhi angajwayelekile avela eziqhingini, kepha, ngokungafani nenganekwane ukuthi abantu baseHawaii ngokwabo bakholelwa kuyo, indawo azalelwa kuyo i-Anthurium ayikho nhlobo lapha.
Ikuphi indawo yokuzalwa yabanturium?
Ukuvulwa kwengxenye enkulu yezwe yezitshalo kwenzeka ngo-1876, lapho isishoshovu se-botanist saseFrance uEduard Andre, ehambahamba nezwe laseNingizimu Melika, engatholanga neyodwa yezimpawu zabantu ngendlela esewindini lakhe. Isitshalo esingakaze sithuthelwe uthuthelwe eYurophu, lapho kwakuchazwa khona indawo yokuhlala kwamahlathi enkungu yaseColombia yathola igama elithi Anthurium andreanum.
Isitshalo esinamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani nama-peduncle aqondile athweswe umqhele we-cob inflorescence kanye namabhulokhethi abomvu kwatholakala ukuthi sasakazeke kulo lonke elaseColombia naseNyakatho ne-Ecuador. Yilezi zindawo ezingabhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yase-Anthurium kanye nohlobo lwesikhungo sokusakazeka kwesiko emhlabeni jikelele.
Enye yezindawo zokuqala lapho i-Anthuriums yawa khona ngentando yabaseYurophu, yaba yiHawaii. Ngo-1889, uSamuel Damon, owayenza umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli, waletha okuningi esifundeni waze waba nguNgqongqoshe Wezezimali WaseRiphabhlikhi waletha izimbali ezingajwayelekile eziqhakaza eziqhingini.
Omunye umbono ongelona iqiniso uhlobene nokuthi izitshalo ezingabizwa kanjani ngokuthi yi-anthurium. Ngeshwa, abatshali bezimbali abaningi bakala kuphela i-Anthurium andreanum ne-Anthurium scherzerianum enama-inflorescence aqhakazile aqhakazile. Lokhu akunjalo.
Okunhlobonhlobo kwama-Anthuriums
Kuyavela ukuthi eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi azikho izitshalo kuphela ezinezembozo ezikhanyayo ezibonakalayo, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ezisondelene.
Zifakiwe kuhlobo lwe-Anthuriums futhi zithakazelisa kubo bonke abathandi bezitshalo, kubandakanya nalabo ababamba iqhaza ezitshalweni zasendlini. Ukuqhakaza kwama-Anthuriums ekhaya nasemhlabeni jikelele sekuyimfashini zasendlini nezingadi, kuyaziswa ngokuheha okude nokuqina kwama-inflorescence asikiwe, kulondolozwa okusha kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwayi-8.
Namuhla, ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sesayensi, i-genus Anthurium, ebanga layo lifinyelela ezifundeni ezishisayo nezishisayo zezwekazi laseMelika ukusuka eMexico kuya eParaguay, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-800. Futhi ngonyaka we-2010, ama-botanists amemezela izinhlobo eziyi-1000 zabantu kanye nesidingo sokuqhubeka nokutadisha ngokuphelele izitshalo zaseMelika.
Ama-Anthuriums asabalele e-Andes enamahlathi naseCordillera. Lapha, izitshalo zithanda ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-3,5 km ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezomile ezinomswakama kungatholakala izitshalo zomhlaba nama-epiphytes, kanye nezinhlobo ezihlala niche yaphakathi. Ama-anrium anjalo, aqala ubudala bawo esicutshini esisezansi sehlathi, kancane kancane, ngosizo lwezimpande kanye namahlumela, akhuphukela elangeni. Ngezansi, kuma-savannas anesimo sezulu esomile, ungathola futhi ama-anthurium, avumelaniswe kahle nendlela yokuphila enjalo.
Ividiyo emayelana ne-Anthurium izokwazisa ngezici zezitshalo, izindawo ezihlala kuzo futhi ikhulume ngezinhlobo ezilungele ukukhula ekhaya.
Ukuvumelana nezimo kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu kuyisilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu. Bahlalisa umhlabathi ngokumangazayo, izinhlobo ngazinye ezingama-epiphytes. Njengokungathi izidleke ezincane nezinkulu kweziqu kanye namagatsha ezihlahla abukeka njengezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo aziwona ama-parasites. Azisusi iziphuzo kanye nokudla okuvela ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe kuzo, kepha zondla ngokufaka okuncane okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo kanye nomswakama wezulu nomoya-mpilo.
Okuwukuphela kwento engahambisanga isitshalo ngamanzi.
Naphezu komqondo ovamile wothando luka-Anthurium ngomswakama ngisho nokuba khona kokukuhlakulela e-aquarium, ayikho neyodwa yezinhlobo ezifundwayo ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emanzini.
Isibonelo, i-Anthurium amnicola ikhula ematsheni asogwini, inamathele kubo ngezimpande. Lokhu kunikeza isitshalo ithuba lokuthola umoya-mpilo emoyeni omswakama ovela emfudlaneni, kepha zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza zomile.
Onke ama-Anthuriums anekhaya elilodwa - lena iNingizimu neNingizimu Melika. Kepha ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene zokukhula, ubukhulu bama-anthurium nokubukeka kwawo kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni kuyahlukahluka kakhulu.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-waturium?
Ama-Anthuriums ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kanti izinhlobo eziningi azinayo umbhede okhanyayo obomvu njengotshani obukhulu, futhi ubukhulu bezitshalo bungaba nesizotha kakhulu futhi bukhulu kakhulu.
Ama-Anthuriums atholakala ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi. Kodwa njengoba abatshazi besho, indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-Anthuriums eneziqhakaza eziqhakazayo yingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Andes e-Ecuador nase Colombia. Izinhlobo ezisele zinentshisekelo hhayi ngenxa yokukhanya kwama inflorescence, kodwa kunalokho ngenxa yamahlamvu, anobukhulu nobukhulu obuxakile. Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke ama-bathriums izici ezijwayelekile nazo ziyindalo.
Ama-manrium amaningi aneziziqu eziwugqinsi, ezivame ukufinyezwa, ezimbozwe ngamazenga kusuka kumacembe asefile kakade, izimpande zomoya namahlamvu uqobo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaqabunga ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo angaba nesimo, ubukhulu nosayizi ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngokungezelela emise okwenhliziyo noma nge-wedge, njengasezindaweni ezivame kakhulu zezimbali, amaqabunga, ungathola izinhlobo ezinamapuleti amaqabunga ayindilinga, a-lanceolate, aqinile noma angahlakazeki. Amacembe ahlanganiswe neziqu ngosizo lweziqu ezinde noma ezincane kakhulu.
Njengoba isiqu sikhula, i -abanturium iziveza kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile zomhlaba.
Ubukhulu be-anthurium ngokuyinhloko buxhomekeka kumapuleti eshidi, angafinyelela kubude obuyi-15 cm ukuya kumamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Njengoba kuhlukahluka bobukhulu nobukhulu bamahlamvu, zinjalo izinhlobo zezindawo zawo. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga ansundu futhi aminyene, njenge-Andrew'santurium, ungathola futhi amaqabunga abushelelezi, kanye namaqabunga anendawo enhle, njenge-waturium kaKhrustalny.
Emahlathini aminyene, lapho umswakama uphakeme khona, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yilanga elilodwa lokukhanya kwelanga, ama-Anthuriums afunde ukuguqula amapuleti amaqabunga ukuze aqondiswe njalo elangeni. Ama-Epiphytes ahlala ezimeni ezomile athola ukudla nomswakama ngenxa yesimo se-irosette samaqabunga. Izinsalela zezitshalo, izinhlayiya ze-humus, kanye nomswakama odingekayo wesitshalo kancane kancane zingena kuwo.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-anthurium kuhlotshaniswa nokungaqondakali okuvamile emhlabeni wonke. Lokho abaningi abakubheka njengembali enkulu, empeleni, kungukukhanya kwayo okuluhlaza kanye neqabunga eliqhakazile elihlutshiwe, eliqinile. Kukhona i-inflorescence efanayo ye-spathiphyllum ethenda.
I-inflorescence ngesimo cob, equkethe izimbali ezinwebekayo ezihlukaniseke kabili, ingaba ngokuqondile noma Kuvunguza, ngesimo sesigaxa noma esiyindilinga ekugcineni kwesilinda. Umbala we-inflorescence uhluka kusuka kokumhlophe, ukhilimu noma okuphuzi kuya kokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi noma onsomi. Njengoba uvuthwa, kwezinye izinhlobo indlebe iba luhlaza.
Indlebe ye-anthurium ayihaqwe yiphalamende elilodwa elikhulu, kodwa nge-bract, empeleni eyiqabunga, yize ibukeka kabi futhi ingafani nombala. Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-anthurium yasekhaya, lesi isembozo sikhulu impela futhi sihlobisa. Futhi ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo namuhla sibizwa ngokuthi imbali "ye-lacquer" noma "uthingo". Leli gama lilungele kakhulu ama-nzalo wesimanje anama-bedpreads hhayi wombala owodwa okhanyayo, kepha ukuhlanganisa amathunzi amabili noma amathathu angatholakali emvelweni.
Kepha ezinhlotsheni zokuhlobisa-ezi-deciduous, i-bract kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuyihlukanisa, okuyinto engavimbeli izitshalo ekuheheni izinambuzane ezihlasela impova.
Lapho inqubo yokuphanza isiphothuliwe, kwakheka izithelo ezincane ezi-spherical or oval on the cob. Ngaphakathi amajikijolo anejusi avela kwimbewu eyi-1 kuye kwayi-4, okuyimvelo, ezweni lama-anthurium, athwa izinyoni namagundane.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Anthurium zasekhaya
Ukuthandwa kwezinhlobo zezimbali ze-Anthurium eziqhakazayo kuholele ekutheni umsebenzi uqhubeke emhlabeni wonke ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nohlobo oluhle lokuhlobisa. Abafuyi baletha izimpumelelo zabo hhayi emashalofini ezitolo kuphela, kepha nasemibukisweni yezimbali, njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umcimbi waminyaka yonke wezitshalo zase-Extravaganza ezungezwe yiPrincess of Wales.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zinhle ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zingajwayelekile ngokubukeka, ezikhula ngabatshali besimanje, zihlukile ngokumangalisayo ezinhlotsheni ezazitholakala ezweni lase-Anthurium, ezwenikazi laseMelika.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hybrid kuhlotshaniswa nokungcola kwesitshalo esisodwa impova ethathwe kwesinye isampula. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuhloselwe ukuthola izinhlobo ezinamazwibela aqhakazile nalawo makhulu, amaqabunga amahle noma amanye amapharamitha afiswa ngumfuyi wezitshalo. Ukuhlanganisa umphumela, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nokukhula izizukulwane eziningi zezitshalo.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje, obandakanya ukungakhuli kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kepha buqhamuka esikweni lezicubu ezithwala lonke ulwazi ngesitshalo somama, bungehlisa intuthuko nesikhathi sokukhetha. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo namuhla, izitshalo eziningi zabantu ezinikezwa ukuhweba kwasekhaya, ingadi nokusika kuyatholakala.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu kangaka, kwavela ama-anthurium, osayizi bawo elula kakhulu ikhula ekhaya, kanye nezitshalo ezinemibala ekhanyayo engajwayelekile. Kepha impumelelo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe obusha abusetshenziswanga ngaso sonke isikhathi inzuzo yomtshali.
Ngeshwa, abatshali abaningi bezentengiso bavame ukusebenzisa i-gibberellic acid noma i-GA3 ukuze bakhule abanturiums. Le khompiyenti iyi-hormone yezitshalo ethinta ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yezimbali, futhi inomthelela ekwakhiweni okusheshayo kwama-inflorescence.
Njengomphumela wokucubungula ngamakhemikhali afanayo, i-anthurium ehloselwe ikhaya, ngaphandle kokuthuthuka, ingena kukhanya liqhakaza. Uma ususendlini, izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo kunzima ukubekezelela i-acclimatization, bese ziyadumaza, ngoba ziqhakaza kakhulu ngesizotha kunangaphambi kokuthenga.
