Ungahlangana namantongomane ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha labahlali basekhaya abahlala njalo, hhayi kaningi. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke silinganiswa kakhulu futhi sakha izimbali eziphuzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Imvamisa, lo mmeleli womndeni we-legume utholakala eSouth America, okuyizwe lakubo.
Esezinhlelweni zokukhula kwamantongomane yakha isiqu segatsha. Njengoba izimbali zalesi sitshalo ziphila ngosuku olulodwa, kwezinye izimo zifa zingamboziwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngemuva kokuvundela imbali ingena enhlabathini, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu inqubo yokwakheka kwengane ngeke iqale. Uma izimbali zingakwazanga ukungena enhlabathini, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyafa.
Amantongomane angenye yezitshalo ezidume kakhulu ezingathandwa ukunambitheka kwayo hhayi izingane kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abadala. Ama-groundnuts angadliwa aluhlaza noma acutshungulwe. Endabeni yokugcina, kusetshenziswa njengesengezo ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene. Leli siko libalulekile ezimpahleni zalo ezinomsoco futhi ezizuzisayo. Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukunaka le imifino kubantu abazama ukugcina isibalo esincane, ngoba lapho sidliwe, umuzwa wokugcwala uza ngokushesha.
Amahlathi amakhulu amakhulu amantongomane emazweni ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, ungathola isivuno salesi sitshalo esimweni sezulu sethu sezulu. Yize abaningi bethu bezwe ngamantongomane futhi bekunambitha, akuwona wonke umuntu onquma ukukulima ekhayeni labo ehlobo.
Izici zamantongomane nezinhlobonhlobo zawo
Njengoba izwe lakulesi sitshalo liyindawo eshisayo, ikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-27 degrees.
Abaningi cishe bake bezwa elinye igama lalesi sitshalo - amantongomane. Kwavela ngoba yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi amantongomane ekuhumusheni kusuka kwezinye izilimi.
Kodwa-ke, kunesinye futhi isizathu esizwakalayo, esichaza ukuthi kungani amantongomane abizwa ngaleyo ndlela. Igama "peanut" liyakhombisa izici zokutshala kwayo. Nakulokhu futhi, khumbula ukuthi ngemuva kokuvunda, izimbali kufanele zibe semhlabathini, lapho ukwakheka kwenqubo ende kanye nokuqala kwayo kuqalise. Kungaphansi komhlaba ukuthi izithelo zivuthwa - amantongomane. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni amantongomane abizwa nangokuthi amantongomane, yize kungenjalo.
Izinzuzo zamantongomane
Abantu abaningi bathanda amantongomane hhayi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi, kodwa nezakhiwo zawo ezizuzisayo. Njengengxenye kabhontshisi walesi sitshalo amaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate akhonaukuthi umzimba womuntu udinga kakhulu. I-peanut butter nayo ingumkhiqizo obalulekile, ngoba ucebile kakhulu ku-linoleic acid. Inzuzo yomzimba wale nto kungenxa yomphumela wayo obizwa ngokuthi yi-anti-sclerotic. I-peanut butter nayo iqukethe iVitamin E namavithamini amaningi we-B, abaningi bazi ngezinzuzo zawo.
Kodwa-ke, amantongomane awanqunyelwe amantongomane nebhotela. Yinto eluhlaza yokwakha ibhotela lamantongomane elimnandi. Ibeka esikhundleni esifanele ibhotela ejwayelekile, elingasatshalaliswa kwesinkwa. Kukhona izindlela eziningi lapho ibhotela lamantongomane liphakathi kwezithako eziphambili. Abantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba ngokuvamile bayifaka ekudleni kwabo. I-peanut butter iqukethe amakhalori amaningi njengenyama, kepha ngasikhathi sinendawo eningi ewusizo. I-Folic acid ikhona ngokwakhiwa kwayo, ngaphandle kwayo inqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba ayinakwenzeka.
Izinhlobo zamantongomane
Amantongomane afaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 ezahlukahlukeneKodwa-ke, iningi lazo zenzelwe ukulinyelwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo saseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo phakathi kwazo ezingatshalwa ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Okusabalele kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo ezifana ne-Runner, Virginia, Spanish and Valencia. Kusukela kubhontshisi wabo kukhula iziqu, ezingaba nobunjwa obuhlukahlukene.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobonhlobo, lapho sezikhulile iziphi amahlumela noma ama-ligaments. Esimweni sokuqala, izihlahla zinde. Amabhungane amantongomane akha amahlumela ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka mancane ekuphakameni futhi imvamisa lisakazeka emhlabathini.
- ISpanishi. Le nhlobonhlobo yenzelwe ukutshala eNingizimu Melika kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngoba ubhontshisi wayo ucebile kakhulu emafutheni. Ohlelweni lwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, izinhlangano ezizimele ezihlukile nazo ziyahlukaniswa: ISpain2V, iDixie, i-Natali, njll.
- Runner. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo, ezihlwanyelwa ukulinyelwa eNyakatho Melika, zinezithelo eziningi. Kwenza ubhontshisi ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokulula kokulungiselela. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi le nhlobonhlobo yayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengento eluhlaza yokwenziwa kokwenza ibhotela lamantongomane engena ezimakethe zase-US. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, okubhalwe phansi komuntu ngamunye kungahlukaniswa: Ranner56-15, Virginia Bunch67, Georgia Green, njll.
- EVirginia Amabhasi walokhu ahlukahlukene akha izithelo ezinkulu, ezidumile kakhulu phakathi kwama-confectioners. Ukubhaliswa okuyinhloko kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamantongomane yile: Virginia-C92R, Wilson, Gull, njll.
- I-Valencia Lokhu kuhluka kwamanye amaqabunga osayizi omkhulu. Ubhontshisi nawo mkhulu kakhulu. Le nhlobonhlobo ihloselwe ukulinyelwa e-USA naseMexico. Ungadla izithelo zaleli peanut kuphela ngemuva kokucutshungulwa - ukupheka. I-pod eyodwa iqukethe ubhontshisi abathathu abushelelezi besimo.
Ukukhula amantongomane ekhaya nakuma-greenhouse
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokukhula kwamantongomane ukuhlwanyela imbewu.
I-Soviet iqhutshwa kuqala: imbewu ibekwa kusisombululo se-epin. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, lapho ekuseni ubhontshisi uzovula kancane, futhi uzokwazi ukuhlukanisa impande.- Ukuze udale izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwamantongomane, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ingxube yenhlabathi ekhethekile esetshenziselwa i-humus nesihlabathi ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yengadi. Amantongomane akhula kahle enhlabathini evulekile lapho amanzi engagxili khona.
- Silinde ukuhluma kwembewu, atshalwe ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe. Lapho izithombo zikhula kancane, zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
- Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqongo ezibanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi amahlumela awahlali phansi ngesikhathi sokukhula.
- Uma udala izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwamantongomane, khona-ke ngeke kudingeke ulinde isikhathi eside ukuze imbali ivele. Ngokwesimo, ngeke ihluke kwamanye ama-legumes, futhi umbala wayo ojwayelekile ungolintshi.
- Lapho amantongomane ephela, izithelo ziqala ukwakheka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igatsha elinezithelo lizokhula likhulu futhi linciphe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubhontshisi omncane uzowela enhlabathini, lapho uzoqhubeka nokuvuthwa kwawo.
I-Soviet iqhutshwa kuqala: imbewu ibekwa kusisombululo se-epin. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, lapho ekuseni ubhontshisi uzovula kancane, futhi uzokwazi ukuhlukanisa impande.Uma isitsha esiseduze sisetshenziselwa amantongomane, khona-ke ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwawo.
Ngoba amantongomane isiko lonyaka, lapho kuphela ukuqhakaza, isihlahla siyayeka ukukhula. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa yonke imizamo yaso ekwakhekeni kwezithelo. Amantongomane asabela kahle esilinganisweni esanele sokukhanya, ngakho-ke leli phuzu kufanele licatshangwe lapho ukhetha indawo ongayitshala kuyo. Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula, ngenxa yalokho, izimbali zaso ziba zingaxakanisi, kwezinye izimo awukwazi ngisho nokulinda izithelo. Okusalungiswa kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwamantongomane, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa njalo.
Ukuvuna. Uma zonke izinkomba zibonisa ukuthi i-aerial ingxenye yesihlahla ayisakhuli, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izithelo sezivuthiwe futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuziqoqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba isihlahla kusuka emhlabathini futhi uhlole izimpande zalo kahle. Imvamisa ukuzungeza kwabo kukhona inani elithile lezithelo, ubhontshisi ngamunye embozwe ngegobolondo.
Ukuchitha isikhathi esincane kukhula amantongomane endaweni eluhlaza. Kulokhu, izimo ezithandeka kakhulu zenzelwe imbewu, kepha kufanele unake ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo zamantongomane ezizogudlana nakho. Kunconywa ukuthi uyitshale eduze notamatisi.
Kungcono ukutshala amantongomane eduze kwengilazi ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengoba utamatisi izitshalo ezimile, ngeke zidale isithunzi sezithombo zamantongomane. Ubhontshisi uqobo uzozuzisa utamatisi ngoba uzowondla nitrogen eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, lapho uhlwanyela, akunconywa ukubeka utamatisi kakhulu.
Uma amantongomane ekhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa ndawonye notamatisi, khona-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ufeze njalo. Ungazikhawulela emisebenzini embalwa edinga ukwenziwa ngoJulayi. Ngokuqala kukaSepthemba, ungakhetha usuku lokuvuna.
Khula amantongomane emibhedeni
Uma uzotshala amantongomane engadini, lapho-ke udinga ukuthola indawo efanelekile yawo. Amantongomane akhula kahle endaweni enamabala amahle. Kufanele futhi unake umbala wenhlabathi, ngoba lokhu kuthinta nombala ubhontshisi.
Okokufika Sebenzisa ubhontshisi noma izingcezu zalo. Ukukhulisa amantongomane engadini, ungasebenzisa enye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Vula. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuqala emavikini okuqala entwasahlobo, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele. Kunconywa ukuthi ufike lapho ukhetha khona isikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lizogcinwa ngaphakathi kwama-degree ayi-12-15. Embhedeni bambe izimbobo kuphethini lokuhlola ibhodi emigqeni eminingana. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukugcina ubukhulu obudingekayo: ukujula kwemigodi - 10 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo - cm ezingama-50. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, ubhontshisi ezintathu kufanele zifakwe emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuthambisa inhlabathi akudingeki. Imvamisa, ngaphambi kokuvela kokuhluma kwamantongomane, kufanele ulinde cishe inyanga eyodwa. Isihlahla esidala sikhula size sibe ngama-25-75 cm;
- Ukutshala izithombo nokutshala emhlabathini. Ngale ndlela, iziqukathi ezigcwaliswe ngengxube yenhlabathi evulekile zizodingeka. Ukutshala imbewu kuzo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Qhubeka nokutshala efasiteleni. Lapho kuqala ihlobo, lapho izintethe zokugcina sezedlule, izithombo zabantu abadala zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Lapho utshala, izithombo zidinga ukuhlelwa ngemigqa, ngokulandela iphethini: ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo liyi-15-20 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 60 cm.
Isiphetho
Amantongomane angenye yamasiko athandwayo cishe sonke sijwayele. Abantu abaningi bathanda lesi sitshalo, hhayi nje njengomkhiqizo ozimele, kodwa futhi njengengxenye yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, okokuqala, i-confectionery. Ngenxa yothando olukhulu ngaye, abalandeli bavame ukuba nesifiso sokutshala amantongomane esizeni sabo. Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi onzima kangako, ngoba namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi ezenzelwe ukungena kwezindawo ezifudumele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa.
Ungathola isivuno esihle kuphela. ngaphansi kokutshala ama-agrotechnics. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kumantongomane, ngoba izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba kuyizwe lakubo, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka unake kakhulu ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme.
