Ama-Worms (Pseudococcidae) - igama elijwayelekile lezi zinambuzane ezinamaphiko we-coccid suborder, ehlanganisa amalungu omndeni we-lamellar, giant, paranormous and Powy Mealybugs, kanye nokuzizwa, ayizihlobo ezisondelene nezinambuzane. Lezi zinambuzane zithinta izithelo zezithelo zamawolintshi, ama-amaryllis, ama-azaleas, ama-asparagus, i-cacti, ulamula, izihlahla zesundu, i-fuchsias, amagilebhisi, i-camellia, i-cissus, i-gerbera, i-oleander, i-philodendron, i-anthurium, i-monstera, i-hibiscus, i-Kalanchoe, i-cactus. Bahlala kuma-amahlumela, iziqu, amaqabunga, ama-ovari nezithelo zezitshalo, kunciphisa ukukhula kwabo nentuthuko. Izindlela zokulawula i-mealybug zisencwadini yethu.
Ama-Mealyworms (Pseudococcidae).
Babukeka kanjani ama-mealybugs?
Ama-Mealybugs, noma, njengoba baziwa kanjalo kakhulu, izintwala ze-shaggy, - izinambuzane ezincelayo, zibonakala kahle ngamehlo alula. Bathola igama labo libonga kokukhululwa komcako omhlophe okotini. Izibungu nabesifazane abadala bancela amahlumela amancane, amaqabunga, ukuqhakaza. Zivimba izitshalo ngokuqinile ekukhuleni. I-mealybug evame ukuhlangana nayo ifaka nohlelo lwezimpande.
Izinambuzane zihamba kakhulu futhi zihamba kahle cishe kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, embozwe ngopende omhlophe we-powdery, ovame ngamapuleti e-wax emaphethelweni. Ubukhulu 3-6 (0.5-12) mm, kuya ngohlobo.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ishiwo (lapho abantu bohlobo olufanayo benezinhlobo ezimbili ezihluke ngezimpawu zomzimba). Abesilisa banamaphiko (imvamisa isibili sokuqala), izimbambo zivame ukukhula, isisu sinemicu emibili yomsila. Izinto zokusebenza ngomlomo azikho (abesilisa abadli esimweni esidala).
Kwezinye izinhlobo, imilenze iyancishiswa noma ayikho. Imishini esetshenziswa ngomlomo iyancela. Iningi lezinambuzane lizalela amaqanda alo, kwezinye izinhlobo zezinsikazi ziyi-viviparous. Amaqanda abekwa esikhwameni sobuso esimhlophe njengokotini. Ukuzala kuphezulu kakhulu; izinhlobo eziningi zinika i-2, kwesinye isikhathi ziye ezizukulwaneni ezine ngonyaka.
Izibungu zonyaka wokuqala (ama-tramp) ahamba ngokuzungeza isitshalo sokuphakelayo, zingathwalwa ngumoya. Lapho ubambelele esitshalweni, izibungu zilahlekelwa ukuhamba; ngemuva kokuncibilika, izibungu zonyaka olandelayo ziphinde zifunele izindawo zokuzondla. Izinsikazi ezindala zezinhlobo ezithile zingakwazi ukukhasa ngentshiseko eduze kwesitshalo sokuphakelayo. Ngaphambi kokufakwa kweqanda, izinhlobo eziningi zishiya indawo yokuphakelwa bese ziya ezindlini zokukhosela.
Emathunjini omhlaba, izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingaphezu kuka-1600 zidlangile, kepha ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Phakathi kwezikelemu kunezinambuzane eziningi zezithelo, zezimboni, zezokuhlobisa nezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa. Okudume kakhulu yi-greenhouse plworm, inambuzane yase-Australia ebunjiwe (inkathazo yezithelo zomdumo, into ehlala yedwa), izinambuzane zoqalo, izinambuzane ezisawolintshi, izinambuzane zasolwandle, izinambuzane zamagilebhisi, izinambuzane zesigwedlo (i-mulberry pest) ne-pollinia yomnqumo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezikelemu zisebenza ngezinto eziwusizo ezisetshenziswayo embonini yokupenda ne-varnish (i-varnish worm necochineal, enikeza upende obomvu - i-carmine).
I-Mealybug.
Ama-mealybugs angaqashelwa kalula ngopende omhlophe onjenge-wax, njengomthetho, abonakala kahle esweni elinqunu. Ama-secretions kashukela (amazolo oju) no-soot fungus abuyela phezu kwawo yizimpawu ezilandelayo zomonakalo.
Ukuvimbela
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokulimala kwesibulala-zinambuzane, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esedlule kanye nasezitshalweni ikakhulukazi ekulimaleni yi-vermilion, njenge-croton, ficus, cacti, suppulents, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-orchid. Lesi sinambuzane sesaba umswakama, sikhetha izimo ezomile.
Gcina uhlanzekile, susa wonke amaqabunga omisiwe. Izitshalo ezihlanzwa njalo ngamaqabunga azivame ukuthintwa yisibungu.
Izindlela zomzabalazo
Kulula ukubhekana nokwehlulwa okuthe xaxa. Sebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile noma uswidi wekotoni ofakwe emanzini anensipho ukuhlanza isitshalo sezibungu kanye nemicengezi emhlophe okotini owakhiwe ngabo, bese ufafaza kathathu ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku eziyi-710 ngesixazululo sensipho eluhlaza (i-10-15 g nge-1 litre yamanzi), ukumfaka ugwayi , ukumnika kwegalikhi noma i-decoction ye-cyclamen. Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ekwelashweni kotshwala noma ekwelapheni nge-tinication ekhemisi ye-calendula.
Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, ngaphezu kokubhujiswa ngesandla, fafaza ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-7-14 ngesinye sezidakamizwa ezilandelayo: I-Aktara, i-Biotlin, iCalypso, Confidant, Confidor, Mospilan, Tanrek, Fitoverm. Kungase kudingeke uzame izidakamizwa eziningana ezihlukile bese ukhetha osebenzayo kakhulu.
Ama-mealybugs emaqabungeni esitshalo.
Amakhambi abantu
- I-tintery yamahhashi. Kuhle kakhulu ukufafaza futhi kufafaze izitshalo ezinesifo nge-tincture ye-horsetail. I-Horsetail iyathengiswa emakhemisi futhi isetshenziswa njenge-diuretic, njenge-purifier yegazi, njll. Igama lesiJalimane iSchachtelhalmtee.
- Pancake isifutho isifutho. 1 ilitha lamanzi lixubaniswa nezipuni ezi-2 zamafutha omnqumo, bese kufakwa i-emulsion esithelweni (mhlawumbe ngokufafaza).
- Isisombululo sotshwala ngensipho. Ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ngenhlanganisela yama-gramu ayi-15 kasepha owuketshezi, u-10 ml wotshwala obudayisiwe (i-Brennspiritus) nelitha eli-1 lamanzi afudumele nakho kungaphumelela.
- Tincture kagalikhi. Thatha ama-clove ayi-4-5 egalikhi ngamalitha ayi-0.5 amanzi. Amanzi kufanele alethwe ngamathumba, bese usika kahle ugalikhi noma ufefe. Ngemuva kwalokho u-garlic kufanele uthele ngamanzi abilayo, bese ugcizelela okungenani amahora amane. Ukufakwa kuyahlungwa futhi akuhlanjululwa kufakwa ngebhulashi emaqabunga.
Amakhemikhali
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali yilapho osemusha esanda kubanjwa eshiya isibeletho sikanina noma isaka leqanda. Azikakalwa nge-wax evikelayo futhi zisengozini enkulu.
Ubunzima bokulawula i-mealybug yenzeka ngqo ngoba izizukulwane ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane zisesitshalo ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kwesibulala-zinambuzane kubulala kuphela abantu abasha, kuthi emva kwesikhashana kube khona okusha. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kuphindwe kaningi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-14. Lapho izinga lokuthuthuka kwama-larva likhona, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubhekana nalo.
Njengamanje, inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali lithengiswa ezitolo, kufaka phakathi izifutho zokufafaza kanye nezifafaza. Ngemuva kokuzisebenzisa kulesi sitshalo, into evikela amakhemikhali iqala ukumunwa futhi ingena kwiziphuzo zezitshalo. Izinambuzane zincela ijusi elinjalo kanye noyaphupha.
Kahle kakhulu ekulweni nama-mealybugs azibonakalise ngokwawo izidakamizwa ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, nazo ziqukethe uwoyela. Noma kunjalo, kunamaphutha amaningi lapha. Le mishanguzo kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezindaweni ezithintekile nakulezo zindawo ezithathwa njengezindawo zokuphephela ezinambuzane.
Lapho usebenzisa amahlumela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela ukuthi lingakanani ibanga lesitshalo okufanele libe lapho usifaka isicelo, ngoba isifutho singalimaza kakhulu amaqabunga.
Ungathola futhi izinduku zokuvikela nezinye okuthiwa izinti zezimpande ezithengiswayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezinto ezivikelayo, le mikhiqizo nayo inomanyolo, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, kubalulekile ukutadisha ukwakheka kwawo ngokucophelela, ngoba izimpande zezitshalo eziningi zezitshalo zithinta kakhulu izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikasawoti, futhi zingashisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulezi zinhlobo, le mishanguzo ayemukelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi i-dilution yomuthi emanzini ingasiza ukuletha umanyolo kanye nomuthi ezimpandeni ngendlela elula.
Lapho ulwa ne-mealybug, kubalulekile ukuphinda izinqubo zokuchayeka kumakhemikhali ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwesizukulwane esisha, esizinzile ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokudalulwa okuphindaphindwe okukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji kufanele sibhekwe ngokucophelela.
Ama-mealybugs emaqabungeni esitshalo.
Izinhlobo zama-Mealybugs
I-Mealybug
I-Mealybug (I-Pseudococcus longispinus) - ukulimaza izitshalo zezinsikazi nezibungu. Isidumbu sowesifazane osekhulile esingu-3.5 mm sinobude obu-oval ngesimo, sinombala o-orenji noma obomvana ngombala, embozwe ngengubo emhlophe. Umbungu unemilenze ekhule kahle, ngakho-ke angahamba kalula ukusuka kwesinye isitshalo aye kwesinye. Izinsikazi ziyi-viviparous. Imvamisa ziyanqwabelana ngendlela yamakholoni engaphansi kweqabunga, emagatsheni, kuma-axils amaqabunga nakumathiphu amasha amahlumela.
Isibungu se-bristle yisinambuzane esikhulu esikhulu, esibonakala kalula esitshalweni ngenxa yokugoba okumhlophe okwimboza umzimba wawo, nokwakheka okumhlophe kwe-waxy ngesimo sezinselo zikotini. Amacembe alimile aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Amahlumela ayamangala. Izikelemu zithathwa ngaphansi kwamagxolo wezithelo zamawolintshi futhi ngaphansi kwesikali samabhuleki kumabhuleki. Ukulinyazwa izitshalo zezikelemu zivinjelwe ngokuqinile, kusala ngemuva ekukhuleni, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi bese ewa. I-Sooty fungus ingahlala lapho kukhululwa khona izibungu.
Mealy mealybug
Mealy mealybug (I-Pseudococcus citri) - Umzimba wowesifazane uvame kakhulu ukwakheka, upinki noma uphuzi ngombala, umbozwe ngopende omhlophe obomvana. Imilenze ithuthukiswe kahle. Abesilisa abavamile kakhulu. Izibungu ezihlafunayo zasakazeka kuso sonke lesi sitshalo, amahlumela, emaqabungeni asemithanjeni eyinhloko. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, izibungu zakha amakoloni amakhulu amunca wonke amajusi esihlahleni. Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi, amahlumela aqhume. Isikhunta se-sooty sihlala ezinambuzaneni zezikelemu.
I-Powdery mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus).
Mealy mealybug (Pseudococcus citri).
Seaside mealybug (Pseudococcus affinis).
Ulwandle Mealybug
Ulwandle Mealybug (I-Pseudococcus affinis) - kungenye yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile kakhulu zezibungu. Isidumbu sowesifazane osekhulile sinama-oval o-oval, 3-4 mm ubude, 2-2,5 mm ububanzi, sinombala ophuzi, embozwe ngopende omhlophe. Imilenze ithuthukiswe kahle.
Abesilisa bancanyana kakhulu, banamaphiko, bandiza ihlobo lonke. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo emaqandeni amaqanda, okuyizigaxa ezimhlophe, ezi-fluffy, ezingenakubumba zesigcawu se-waxy. Imvamisa insikazi i-oviparous ifihla ezindaweni ezifihliwe: imifantu ekhonkolweni, emaqabunga asontekile, kwimfoloko emagatsheni. Izibungu zincanyana, ziyahamba, ziphuzi, azinayo nhlobo i-wax coating.
Basakazeka ngokushesha kuso sonke isitshalo, basakazwa ngumoya, umuntu kanye nezilwane kwezinye izitshalo. Izibungu ziba yisinambuzane esidala ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5. Kumunca wonke amajusi esihlahleni, abangela ukukhula kabusha, bese kuthi ukufa kwesitshalo. Izitshalo ezonakele zikhula buthakathaka futhi aziqhakaza. Isikhunta se-sooty sihlala ezinambuzaneni zezikelemu. Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe.
Siyethemba ukuthi amathiphu ethu ekulweni nesibungu azokusiza! Ilinde amazwana akho!
