Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zezithelo

Ingadi yethu iyisidalwa esiphilayo futhi idinga nokuvikelwa emathonyeni amabi angaphandle. Wonke umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo engadini kuhloswe ngawo ukuwuvikela, okubandakanya: ukuthena, ukufafaza, ukufaka umquba, ukuchelela neminye imicimbi.

Uhlu lwemisebenzi yokuvikela luhlanganisa ukufakwa kwamhlophe kwentambo kwesiqu esimaphakathi namagatsha wamathambo ezihlahla zezithelo.

I-Whitewash ivikela isihlahla sezithelo: kusuka ekushiseni kwentwasahlobo nokushiswa yilanga (esikhundleni sokuqothuka kwamahlamvu kuze kube manje), kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwengxenye ebalulekile yezifo nezinambuzane eziphumelele ebusika ukulondolozwa kwenzalo.

Ukugcina isembozo sangaphandle sesihlahla sisesimweni esiphilile kuyisandiso sesikhathi saso sezithelo, amandla okuqhela ekwelashweni nemithi yokubulala izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokuthola isitshalo esivumelana nemvelo. Isikhathi esifanele, ukwenziwa kahle okumhlophe ngokuvikelekile kuzovikela izitshalo emonakalisweni ngamagundane, ngokuqhekeka amagxolo, isikhathi esithile kuzobambezela ukuqala kokuqhakaza, okuzovikela kusuka kusiqalo sentwasahlobo namanye amathonya amabi.

Ingadi idinga malini?

Abalimi abaningi babheka ukumiswa kwesikhumba njengesenzo sokuhlobisa bese bekuyeka ukuba kubanjelwe amaholide kaMeyi. Okwamanje, ukuthola isimo sesihlahla esisezingeni eliphakeme, le yinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yokunakekelwa, futhi kumele yenziwe kaningana ngonyaka. Ngokusho kweminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni, ukugaywa kwesihlahla kwezihlahla kufanele kwenziwe kathathu ngonyaka, ukucwazimula okwenziwe kabili isikhathi sekwanele uma kusetshenziswe amafomu akhethekile ahlala isikhathi eside.

• I-whitewash enkulu ibhekwa njengekwindla, eyenziwa ngemuva kokukhululwa kwamaqabunga nokuqala kokupholisa okuqhubekayo (cishe ngo-Okthoba-Novemba).
• I-Whitewash entwasahlobo iyaphindwa., ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke, noma kunalokho, ngaphambi kokuqina okuqinile kwentwasahlobo (isigamu sesibili sikaFebhuwari-Mashi, ezindaweni ezibandayo - kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli).
• Okwesithathu ihembe elimhlophe Kubhekwa njengokwengeziwe futhi kuvamile kakhulu, yize kuyadingeka njengokuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni (ukubeka amaqanda, ukuphuma kwama-larva) kanye nezifo (okwandayo kwe-mycelium ekuqhekekeni kwe-cortex, ingress ye-spores ebusika).

Ingabe ukuphoqelelwa kwentwasahlobo kuyimpoqo?

Entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezikhanyayo ilanga, iziqu ezingenamnyama namagatsha esihlahla somthambo kufudumala kufinyelela ku + 8 ... + 12 ° С, okungukuthi, emazingeni okushisa okuqala kokugeleza kokuncipha. Khumbula, "... uyeza, umsindo wasentwasahlobo uyathuthumela"? Ubusuku bokwehlisa izinga lokushisa kumanani okususa kubangela ijusi ukuba iqhwa, futhi ngokuya ngemithetho yezemvelo, ukunwebeka, kuphula izicubu zangaphakathi futhi kubangele ukuqhekeka ku-cortex, ikakhulukazi kuncane. Umbala omhlophe we-whitewash ubonakalisa imisebe yelanga kahle futhi wehlise izinga lokushisa lokushisa. Izihlahla ziyaqhubeka manje asisekho kwimvelo, kodwa ukuphumula okuphoqelelwe (ngaphandle kokugeleza kwe-sap). Baqala ngokuqhakaza futhi baqhakaze kamuva, okungagcini nje ngokugcina impilo yezihlahla, kepha nokuvuna.

Uma isikhathi sikaFebhuwari-Mashi saphuthelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, khona-ke akusephuzi kakhulu ukucwilisa izihlahla engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli.

Ilungiselela izihlahla zezithelo zokucwaswa

Imvamisa ungabona ukuthi abalimi abangajabuli bavimbela kangakanani amagatsha esihlahla ngaphandle kokulungiselela kwangaphambili. Ngemuva kokuxubha, amagxolo asomile asatshalaliswa, imifantu ihlala ingagqotshwanga mhlophe, kepha kusuka kude kuyinto enhle. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezithelo okunjalo akulethi lutho ngaphandle kokulimaza engadini. Wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto kabusha ngokwawo wenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ukwenziwa kwethambo lezihlahla zezithelo:

• sula inhlabathi yemfucumfucu endaweni yomqhele wesihlahla;
• amboze inhlabathi ngefilimu ngaphansi komqhele ukuze amagxolo agulayo, ama-mosses, ama-lichens, izinambuzane zobusika zingaweli emhlabathini;
• Sebenzisa iziqeshana zokhuni (zepulasitiki) ukuhlanza amagatsha aqinile kanye nama-skeletal wegxolo elidala elidala, izindunduma ezinde nezinsimbi; akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngamathuluzi ensimbi (ngaphandle kwamasaha) ukuze ungalimazi izinkuni;
• uma amagxolo enamathele ngokuqinile esiqwini, kepha imifantu ejulile iyabonakala, udinga ukusebenzisa induku eyindilinga noma ebunjiwe ekugcineni ukuze uhlanze i-crack bese uyimboza nge-varnish yengadi, ukunamathisela i-RanNet noma ezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe;
• Hlola isiqu ngokucophelela, wonke amagatsha anamathambo futhi kuyo yonke indawo avale izimbobo nemifantu, enze ukuthenwa komqhele kwesihlahla okudingakalayo.
• Shisa imfucuza yefilimu kude nensimu.

Ngemuva kokuhlanza isiqu namagatsha, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amagciwane ezindaweni ezihlanziwe. Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile. Uma lina ngemuva kokulashwa, iyaphindwa.

Isibulala magciwane senziwa ngokufafaza nge-spray esinemilaydi emihle. Le inketho engcono kunokufaka umbala omhlophe ngesisombululo sesibulala magciwane esikhipha amagxolo abushelelezi futhi ingahle iwe ekuweni.

Ukupheliswa kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zensimu.

Izisombululo ze-disinversal:

Okudume kakhulu nokwamukelekayo kubo bonke abalimi kuyisixazululo sethusi noma i-iron sulfate. Lungisa isixazululo esingu-3-5% ngesilinganiso se-300-500 g somuthi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. IVitriol ngaphambili yayihlakazwa ngenani elincane lamanzi asishisayo futhi ingezwe ngevolumu edingekayo. Isixazululo sifafazwa ngama-boles namagatsha wamathambo. Uma isihlahla "silala", umqhele wonke ungalashwa ngesisombululo esifanayo. Uma ama-buds evuvukile, asebenzisa isisombululo esingu-2% ukuphatha umqhele ukuze angashisi imihlume ehlume imifino. Ukwelashwa ngensimbi noma nge-sulfate yethusi kuyaphindwa kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-4-5, ngoba amalungiselelo ahamba kancane kancane angene enhlabathini bese anqwabelana lapho, abangele ubuthi benhlabathi nokufa kwesitshalo.

Esikhundleni se-sulfate yethusi, iNitrafen ingasetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane - i-analog ye-sulfate yethusi. I-Nitrafen isetshenziswa kuphela ezingadini ezinganakwa kakhulu, ngoba ukugcwala kwe-sulfate yethusi lapho kulungiswa kuphezulu futhi kunemiphumela emibi ebonakalayo yezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi ezuzisayo, lapho ihlanzwa ingene enhlabathini.

Esikhundleni se-zethusi sulfate ne-nitrafen, ungasebenzisa isixazululo esingu-3% we-Bordeaux fluid.

Ukwelapha isiqu namagatsha wamathambo, ungasebenzisa futhi amalungiselelo weKhom, Oksikhom, Abiga-Peak. Le mishanguzo ihlakazwa emanzini futhi isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izihlahla ngokuya ngezincomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngalesi sikhathi akunangozi esivuthweni esizayo.

Abanye abalimi basebenzisa uphethroli ojwayelekile wokusebenzisa isibulala magciwane. Ngendlela yayo emsulwa, umkhiqizo kawoyela awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isixazululo esingaxutshwe nalutho, okuthe kuzo kufakwa izingxenye eziyishumi zamanzi nezingxenye zensipho ezi-0,5-1.0 ezingxenyeni eziyi-9 kaphethiloli. Ukwakheka kuxutshaniswe kahle futhi umgoqo namagatsha wamathambo kufafazwa ngepompo. Shiya izinsuku ezingama-2-2 bese uqhubeka nokuhlanzeka.

Ngokuthola kwe-magciwane amaqhubu kanye namagatsha wamathambo hhayi kusuka ezinambuzaneni kuphela, kepha futhi kusuka ezifweni zokukhunta, ama-mosses nama-lichens, usawoti wamaminerali aphezulu ungasetshenziswa.

Ku-10 l wamanzi, enye yezithako iyachithwa:

• 1 kg kasawoti etafuleni;
• I-600 g ye-urea;
• I-650 g nitroammofoski noma i-azofoski;
• 550 g we potassium carbonate;
• I-350 g ye-potassium chloride.

Lezi nosawoti zingangezwa ngqo kudaka, kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi emi-2 lapho izihlahla zikhipha umhlophe.

Ukusuka kumakhambi asekhaya athuthukisiwe, isisombululo esihle sokubulala amagciwane sitholakala ngokufakwa kwe-ash ash. Ukulungiselela ikhambi, hlanganisa u-2-3 kg womlotha no-5 l wamanzi, ulethe ku-thumba bese ushiya ukuze upholile. Hlunga isixazululo esibandayo, engeza okungu-50 g wesepha lokuhlanza elicibilikile ukuze ukunamathela kangcono kwekhambi kuzihlahla zezihlahla bese ufaka amanzi kumalitha ayi-10. Sicubungula izihlahla ngesisombululo esenziwe ngomumo.

Nakani! Baqala ukumhlophe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-1-3, ukuze isixazululo se-magciwane sibe nesikhathi sokungena kumagxolo esihlahla.

Yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokutholwa kwamagciwane okutshala ingadi enezidakamizwa ezinobuthi eziphezulu yenziwa ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izindlela zokuvikela umuntu.

Ukupheliswa kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zensimu.

Izihlahla zengadi ezi-Whitewashing

Iminyaka yokulima engadini kufanele iqale nini?

Okuqala abalimi bavame ukuhlangana nombuzo wokuthi izihlahla ezindala kufanele zenziwe mhlophe kanjani. Izithombo zinamagxolo amancane acekeceke kakhulu nokugxila okuphezulu kwama-disinfectants, izindawo ezibangelwa yi-whitewash zingadala ukushiswa kwamagxolo asemancane nakuwo wonke imifantu efana nemisebe yelanga.

Zonke izihlahla ezitshala izingadi zingaphansi kokucwaswa. Kepha ezitshalweni nasezihlahleni ezincane, kutholakala izixazululo ezigxile kakhulu. Ebhakethini elihlukile, i-emulsion elungiselelwe ukumiswa kwethambo ihlanjululwe ngamanzi amahlandla ama-2. Esikhundleni sik lime, ungamhlophe mhlophe izihlahla ezincane ngo- "Ukuthola ingadi" amapende asekelwe emanzini. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezincane kuzosindisa lowo osebenza engadini emsebenzini owengeziwe ukuvikela amabheshu kwimisebe yelanga eshisayo, ebhubhisa ukuthembeka kwegxolo elincane.

Ukulungiswa kwezixazululo ze-whitewash

Isisekelo sezisombululo ze-whitewash yizithako ezi-3 ezibalulekile, lapho kwethulwa izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene:

• Umbala omhlophe (ulamula, ushoko, upende osekelwe emanzini noma emanzini).
• Umuthi wesinambuzane noma we-fungicidal, noma yikuphi okunye okungabhubhisa ukutheleleka.
• Noma yisiphi isisekelo sokunamathela esingaphazamisi ukuphefumula kwe-cortex.

Ama-filler ngesimo sobumba noma somquba angafakwa kwisisombululo sesitoko.

Ukwakheka kwe-whitewash kumele kuqukathe okunamathelayo, ngaphandle kwalokho imvula yokuqala izovala ungqimba oluvikelayo, futhi wonke umsebenzi kuzophindwa. Ngendlela yokunamathisela kuzixazululo ze-lime ezilungiselelwe ngokuzimela, sebenzisa insipho yokuwasha, i-PVA glue, namalungiselelo anikezwe ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Isikhunta esishelelayo

I-Lime ithengiswa emakethe ngesimo sezinto ezilukhuni, ezithambile ezihlanganisiwe noma inhlama ye-lime.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathanda ukucima i-lime ngokwabo ukuze bathole okokuqalisa okusha. Isebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ekuphatheni izinambuzane, isikhunta, amalangabi, ama-mosses.

Ukulungiselela inhlama ye-lime, i-lime eqinile ihlanganiswe kwisilinganiso samanzi ayi-1: 1-1.5 izingxenye zamanzi.

Ukuthola ubisi kalamula, ingxenye eyi-1 yelimu ixubene nezingxenye ezintathu zamanzi.

Khumbula! Lapho ucisha, umcako wamathumba ngokufafaza amaconsi avuthayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukucima u-lime ezingutsheni zokuzivikela nezibuko. Ukubilisa, ngokuvusa okungapheli, kuhlala cishe imizuzu engama-20-30.

Ushukela osanda kufakwa ungamelana nezinsuku ezingama-7 kuye kwezingama-30. Ukhovu osanda kuguguleka uselala kahle phezu kwesiqu ngesikhathi sokuqothuka.

Ukuqunjelwa kwekhambi le-lime kukhethwa ngokunganqikazi, kepha ukumiswa kobisi (i-emulsion) kufanele kushiye uphawu olucacile, oluminyene ebusweni bokhuni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuthola amalitha ama-8-10 wekhambi le-whitewash, i-1.0-1,5 kg yengxube esitshuluziwe ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-8-10 amanzi. Izithako ezidingekayo zengezwa kusisombululo se-lime esiphelile.

Ukwakheka kwezixazululo ze-whitewash zokuzilungiselela

Zonke izindlela zokwenziwa ezihlotshisiwe ze-whitewash zilungiselelwe ngokususelwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi:

1. I-2,5 kg ye-lime egayiwe, 200-300 g we-sulfate yethusi, i-50 g yensipho yokuwasha;
2. 1.5-2.0 kg of lime ofakiwe, 1 kg yobumba, 1 kg womquba wezinkomo, i-50 g yensipho yokuwasha;
3. ekwakhiweni No. 2 engeza i-200-250 g yethusi noma i-iron sulfate;
4. I-2.0 kg ye-lime eligayiwe, i-400 g ye-vitriol, i-400 g ye-casein glue;
5. usawoti wamaminerali ungangezelelwa kuzo zonke izixazululo zangaphambilini (bheka isigaba 6 esigabeni "Izixazululo ezibulala amagciwane");
6. esikhundleni sokubulala amagciwane, abanye abalimi bangeza i-nitrafen, ikarbofos nezinye izinambuzane namalungiselelo we-fungicidal ngqo ku-whitewash.

Ukumcekisa izihlahla ze-apula.

Izimboni zokucekelwa phansi kwezimboni

Ezitolo ezikhethekile nakwezinye izitolo ezithengisayo, amakhasimende anikezwa izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo ngengubo eyenziwe ngengadi. Zinazo zonke izithako ezidingekayo, kufaka phakathi ama-disinfectants kanye nezinamathela.

Izintambo ezithandwa kakhulu yizicucu eziphelelisiwe ingadi enomhlophe "Ingadi", "ingadi yokusabalalisa amanzi engadini yezihlahla." Zinazo zonke izithako ezidingekayo, ezigcinwe ezihlahleni ezenziwe mhlophe iminyaka engu-1-2. Kunconywe ukusebenzisa izingoma zokucwaswa kwamazinga okushisa okufika kwe-5 + + 7 * C.

Okuzinzile kakhulu izingoma ze-acrylic: i-acrylic whitewash "GreenSquare", "upende we-acrylic wezihlahla zasensimini" nabanye. Isikhathi sokuba semthethweni kwama-acrylics engadi sisondela eminyakeni emi-3. Kepha lezi zinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zikhawulela ukufinyelela komoya endaweni enamanzi amhlophe. Ukutholwa kwe-whitewash eseqediwe ezitolo kuyanda minyaka yonke, futhi kuhlala kunethuba lokuzipheka ngokwakho noma uthenge okwenziwe ngomumo. Ukukhetha kungumnikazi.

Imithetho yokuqothula izihlahla zezithelo

• Isendlalelo se-whitewash esiqwini nakwamagatsha anamathambo kufanele sibe nobukhulu obufika ku-2 mm. Imvamisa ukufaka izendlalelo ezi-2. Owesibili - ngemuva kokumisa owedlule.
• Isixazululo kufanele sibe homogeneous, ukhilimu ukungaguquguquki ukungaguquki, ukuze ungakhumuli phansi isiqu phansi.
• Ibhulashi elibanzi, elithambile elimhlophe qhwa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, lingaphuthi isitshebo esisodwa noma isikebhe ekhonkolweni lesihlahla.
• Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza.
• Umdwebo wesibumbu kufanele uqedelwe ngokubheka amasentimitha ayi-4,5 ukujula, ngenhloso leyo inhloso yokuthi phansi kwesiboko kufanele kukhululwe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuklabha, buyisela ungqimba lomhlaba endaweni yalo.
• Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-whitewash kufanele lube mhlophe qhwa ukuze kuboniswe kangcono ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Kwizihlahla zabantu abadala, ukumiswa kabusha kwesiqu sonke no-1/3 kwamagatsha wamathambo akhiwe afinyelela ku-1.8-2.0 m ukuphakama kubhekwa njengokwanele. Amagatsha ambozwe nge-lichen noma i-moss, ngaphambili asulwa ngawo, adingeka kakhulu i-whitewashing.
• Izithombo ezincane, ngokusho kwabanye abalimi, i-whitewash ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, isiqu kanye ne-1/3 yamagatsha e-skeletal esizayo kwenziwa mhlophe.

Umnikazi wegadi unelungelo lokukhetha uhlobo lwe-whitewash. Ngokungangabazeki inomphumela omuhle ezitshalweni zamabala, kepha ngaphansi kwesimo esisodwa: ukuqedwa kwemisebenzi emhlophe kufanele kube uhlelo lokunakekela izihlahla.