Kwesinye isikhathi, uma ubheka ama-conifers angama-evergreen, abantu bayacabanga: kungani umuntu enekhulu leminyaka elifushane kangaka emhlabeni? Izidalwa ezinobuhlakani ezingacabanga, zizizwe futhi zidale, ziphila ngesilinganiso seminyaka engama-70-80, nezihlahla ezijwayelekile - ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku iphupho lokuphila okuphakade lizofezeka, lapho-ke abantu bazokwazi ukujabulela imvelo ngokugcwele. Kuze kufike lesi sikhathi, kufanelekile ukujwayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaConifers ukuze uhlobise ikhishi lakho lasehlobo nabo.
Yila ma-evergreens ahambisana ngokulingene kunoma yikuphi ukwakheka komhlaba. Amafomu abo aqinile futhi anobuhlakani abonakala ngokucacile etshanini obuluhlaza ehlobo. Futhi emakhazeni, bavuselela indlu yezwe ngemifino ecebile nephunga elimnandi eliyiphunga. Abalimi abaningi bakhulisa ubuhle obuhlala buhlala njalo ezinhlelweni zabo, ngoba ukwahluka kwabo kuyamangaza ngempela. Mude futhi mncane. Zitholakala ngesimo sepiramidi noma isigaxa. Ngakho-ke, isimo esingasoze salibaleka zezihlahla ze-coniffort sihlala enhliziyweni yabantu ababongayo kuze kube phakade. Ake sibheke ngemininingwane eminingi izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.
Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lama-coniferous Centenarians, ama-specimens ahlukile ayamangaza: i-fir "i-Old Tikko" eSweden (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-9), uphayini "Methuselah" e-USA (cishe izinkulungwane ezinhlanu). Sekukonke, kunezihlahla ezingaba ngu-20 emhlabeni.
Izintandokazi ezidumile - i-spruce
Cishe akekho umuntu emhlabeni ongakaze ezwe ngalesi sihlahla. Ziningi izinkondlo nezingoma ezibhaliwe ngaye, kubhalwe imidwebo kanye nezinganekwane. Lesi sitshalo sihlotshaniswa namaholide ahlukahlukene, amasiko, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngezibonakaliso ezimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka ngokweqile, okuletha usizi oluningi kubathandi bemvelo.
ISpruce - isihlahla esihlala sikhona se-coniferous esingowomndeni kaPine, singakhula sibe ngamamitha angama-35. Inesakhiwo somqhele we-pyramidal noma esingunxantathu, siphela ngommese obukhali. Amagatsha atholakala kuso sonke isiqu, ngakho-ke cishe asibonakali kusukela ohlangothini. Akhula ngezinaliti zombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvana ocwebezelayo, omfushane kakhulu kunokaphayini.
Lesi sihlahla sitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ngobukhulu beNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-Russian taiga, lapho ikhula khona eduze kwe-oki, i-birch, iphayini, i-hazel ne-linden. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 ze-spruce. Ezinye zazo ziqala ngokuphumelelayo emgodini wezindlu zezwe. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Izimpande ze-spruce zitholakala eduze komphezulu womhlabathi, ngakho-ke isivunguvungu somoya onamandla singawisa phansi. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihlahla akufanele sitshalwe eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Acrocon
I-Spruce yalolu hlobo iboniswa umqhele obanzi obunjiweyo onamagatsha alengayo. Kubhekwa njengokukhula kancane. Iminyaka engama-30, ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-4. Ububanzi besitshalo bungamamitha ayi-3. Ithanda izindawo ezinomthunzi. I-Spruce ibekezelela amazinga okushisa abanda. Ehlobo ukushisa kudinga ukuthambisa.
Kuphambene
Lesi sihlahla sinomqhele wekholamu futhi namagatsha akhiphayo ekhala okuthi, njengesitimela, athinte umhlabathi. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-8. Ububanzi besitshalo esidala bungamamitha ayi-2,5.
I-European Maxwell
I-dwarf shrub ngesimo sesigaxa esibanzi. Ibekezelela isithwathwa sasebusika nezindawo ezinomthunzi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ikhula ibe ukuphakama kwamamitha. Ububanzi besihlahla somuntu obudala bungama-2 m.
IGlauca Globosa
I-spruce edumile ivelele ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhula ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha ayi-2. Kusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi ukuhlobisa izindawo zasemadolobheni nezindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Ngenxa yokuthi umuthi uboleka ukugunda, kwenziwa amabhola aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuwo, athokozisa abalandeli bawo unyaka wonke.
I-Fir - isihlahla esinezigaxa ezibubende
Ummeleli we-evergreen wohlobo lwe- "Pine". Ihluka ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduze ngezici zezinaliti:
- ukuthamba;
- kukhanye;
- ukwakheka okuyisicaba.
Imivimbo emhlophe iyabonakala engaphansi kwenalithi ngayinye, enikeza isitshalo ukubukeka okuhle. Umuthi wefonti uhlotshiswe ngezigaxa ezimpunga, okuyisici saso esikhulu. Ikhula kancane ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10, emva kwalokho ukukhula kuyanda. Iphila cishe iminyaka engama-400. Abafuyi bathuthukise izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindawo zasemadolobheni nezisedolobheni.
Njengoba izinaliti zesihlahla zinezindawo zokuphulukisa, ukukhula kwefir ekhishini lasehlobo kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu. Kuyasiza ekulweni nemikhuhlane, i-radiculitis kanye nokwelashwa kwamanxeba.
Columnaris
Umuthi unesiqu esiqondile nomqhele omncane ocishe ufane nekholomu. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-10. Amagatsha amancanyana aqondiswa phezulu, okunikeza isihlahla umlingiswa omangalisayo.
I-Prostrata
I-fir enjalo idume ngamagatsha amade welulwe ngaphezu komhlaba, angafinyelela amamitha ayi-2,5 ubude.
I-Argentina
Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngezinaliti zokuqala zesiliva, amathiphu wazo adwetshwe ngombala omhlophe. Njalo entwasahlobo, amahlumela omlingiswa ophuzi we-luminescent aphuma emahlumela akhe. Inhlanganisela enjalo engajwayelekile idala ukubukwa okumangazayo kusayithi lendlu yezwe. Futhi ihlala cishe inyanga.
Nana
Umuthi omfushane, okhula ube ngamasentimitha angama-50 kuphela. Ububanzi besitshalo esidala bungamamitha ayi-1. Umqhele uyindilinga, uthambile kancane. Ngokumangalisayo kutholakala izimpande ezindaweni ezincane.
Umsedari omkhulu
Kusukela kudala, lezi zihlahla bezilokhu zibhekwa njengophawu lobukhulu. Emvelweni wemvelo, akhula endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezu kolwandle futhi afane nezikhulu ezinkulu zangempela. Khula ufike kumamitha angama-50. Baphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, umsedari ungumuthi oyingqayizivele, ngoba ungahlobisa noma iyiphi indawo engadini. Uma umbeka emnyango wangaphambili, kufakwa umkhathi wohlobo oluthile lokunqoba. On utshani elikhulu - induduzo ekhaya. Ezinye izinhlobo zemifino ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo ze-bonsai. Ukwakha izinhlaka zemvelo zoqobo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa kabanzi:
- umbala wezinaliti;
- ubude bezinaliti;
- usayizi wesihlahla.
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, kungakuhle ukuthi ujwayele isitshalo kuqala. Ekusetshenzisweni okhulayo ekhaya izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- "IGlauca". Umuthi uhlukaniswa ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inesimo se-conical. Ibekezelela iqhwa elinzima.
- "Breviramulosa". Imisedari yalolu hlobo ibonakala ngamagatsha amakhulu avulekile, okubangela ukumangala.
- "Stricta". Lesihlahla sikhula ngesimo sekholamu. Kwakhiwa ngamagatsha amafushane, akhuphuke kancane.
- "Pendula". Lesi sitshalo sihlasela ngamagatsha aluhlaza awela phansi, akhipha iphunga elinesihloko esikhulu.
Isimanga esiyimfihlakalo
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma umuthi ubizwa ngokuthi i-larch, khona-ke awusebenzi ezinhlotsheni ze-coniferous. Lokhu empeleni akunjalo. Lesi sitshalo siyilungu lomndeni "wePine", kepha ngokungafani nezihlobo zalo, ekwindla ilahlekelwa izinaliti.
I-Larch ikhula ize ibe ngu-50 m ukuphakama. Kulokhu, isiqu sifinyelela 1 m ububanzi. Amagatsha akhula ngendlela yesiphithiphithi, enomfula ongabonakali kalula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa umqhele ngohlobo lwesigaxa. Izinaliti zithotshisiwe ngokubonakalayo, zithambile kokuthinta, luhlaza okotshani ngombala. Emvelweni yemvelo kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 ezahlukahlukene. Ngomklamo wengadi, kusetshenziswa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- isililo esikhala - "Viminalis";
- i-cushioned - "iCorley";
- ngamagatsha okukhamba okuqala - "Repens";
- amagatsha asontekile - "Cervicornis";
- ukubukeka okuphansi ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okotshani - "Blue Dwarf".
Lokhu kwehlukahluka kukuvumela ukuthi udale izindawo ezinhle zomhlaba endaweni yezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Upayini omkhulu
Izazi zebhayoloji zinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezitshalo ezinjalo ezihlala ziluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esivelelayo yinani lezinaliti ugongolo ngalunye. Isihlahla sikaphayini sivame ukukhula kube ngamamitha angama-50. Isiqu esiqondile simbozwe ngegxolo elibomvu elibomvana. Izinaliti ezinde zitholakala emagatsheni esihlahla aqhakaza umuthi futhi zinephunga elicebile. Pine usehlale iminyaka engaba ngu-600 futhi ubekezelela ukushisa okubandayo nehlobo.
Ukutshala uphayini kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, ngoba izimpande zakhona zingoma engxenyeni yehora. Isitshalo esinjalo asimiseli endaweni entsha.
Ngomhlobiso wensimu, abafuyi bezinkampani badale ukubukwa okuncane kwangaphambilini:
- "Izimpuku" - isitshalo esidala sinokwakheka okwabanzi. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama;
- I- "Globosa Viridis" isihlahla sikaphayini sokuqala se-ovate. Ububanzi nokuphakama kwesitshalo akudluli ku-100 cm;
- "I-Gnom" - ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-2. Ubude bezinaliti buyi-4 cm kuphela;
- "I-Columnaris" - izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngezinaliti ezinde nezinobukhulu. Ikhula ngokuphakama ibe ngamamitha ayi-2,5. Ububanzi besihlahla sabadala cishe buyi-3 m.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, imihlobiso enjalo yokuphila ehlala iluhlaza ilungele ukudala izingadi zedwala lamatshe noma i-mixbord. Kunoma ikuphi, uphayini ungaba uphawu lwegumbi lasehlobo.
Ubukhosi Bakhe - Thuja
Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla esihlala sikhona luhlala lusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amapaki amadolobha nezikhala eziluhlaza. Muva nje, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlobisa izingadi zasekhaya. Kuyabongwa abalimi ngokwazi kwabo ukubekezelela isithwathwa ebusika esinzima, isomiso kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Umuthi we-thuja uhlukaniswa ngamagatsha aluhlaza lapho kutholakala khona amaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Unyaka nonyaka, lesi sitshalo simbozwa ngezigaxa ezincane, esifana nobuhlalu obusakazeke endwangu eluhlaza. Ngokwengeziwe amafomu endabuko, ama-arborvitae yilezi:
- mfishane;
- ukukhala;
- ezinwabuzelayo.
Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa izithombo ze-thuja ezibizwa nge- "Occidentalis" ukuklama uzungu lwakho. Umuthi ungakhula ufike kumamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama bese udala umqhele ongamamitha ayi-2. Olunye uhlobo - i- “Сloth of Gold” - linomthunzi wegolide wezinalithi. Ingcekeza kahle ezindaweni ezinomthunzi engadini.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi - "i-Columna" iyamangalisa ngezinaliti zayo zombala oluhlaza obumnyama ngombala ocwebezelayo. Akunyamalala ngisho nasebusika, okuyiyo eyaziswa kakhulu ngabathandi bezikhala eziluhlaza. "Columna"
Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwesihlahla se-thuja - "iHolmstrup" inesimo esibonakalayo, yize iphakeme - 3 m. Iyabekezelela ubusika obubandayo, bubolekwe ekutheneni futhi kusetshenziswe njengothango. Omunye umdondoshiya - "iSmaragd" - ukhula ube ngamamitha amane. Ububanzi besihlahla somuntu omdala bufika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izinaliti zinombala omnyama, oluhlaza okotshani ngombala ogqamile. Ubuhle obunjalo ngokuqinisekile buzohlobisa imvelo yezwe yama-connoisseurs aluhlaza.
Njengoba sesijwayele ama-conifers amahle, kulula ukukhetha inketho efanelekile. Futhi indawo yendawo engaphansi komhlaba mayiphenduke indawo enhle yenjabulo, lapho ikhula khona amaConifers.
