Uhlobo lwe-Echinacea (i-Echinacea) lufanekiselwa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10 ze-botanical: i-Echinacea pale, i-Echinacea aimurea, i-Echinacea i-oblique-leaved, i-Echinacea tennessian, i-Echinacea paradoxical, i-Echinacea bloody, i-Echinacea simulating, i-Echinacea ibomvu mnyama, i-Echinacea ibomvu okumnyama. Izinhlobo ezifundwe kakhulu yizinhlobo ze-Echinacea purpurea.
I-Echinacea aimurea - Lesi isitshalo semvelo se-herbaceous sokwelapha umndeni we-aster. Iziqu zilula, ziqondile. Ukuphakama kweziqu kusukela ku-60 kuya ku-100 cm. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ukuphakama kweziqu ze-echinacea kufinyelela kumitha eyodwa nesigamu. Izimpande zigqinsiwe ngezinqubo eziningi zokungena enhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-25.
I-Echinacea. © Christopher CraigAmaqabunga alesi sitshalo abanzi-lanceolate abanzi, aqoqwe yi-rosette, ama-basal kuma-petioles amade, kanti amaqabunga esiqu anamaqabunga amafushane. Iqhakaza lonke ihlobo, ijabulisa iso ngezimbali zalo ezinhle. Izithelo - i-brown tetrahedral achenes ama-5-6 mm ubude.
Ama-inflorescences ngesimo sabhasikidi angamasentimitha ayi-10,5 cm futhi atholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga aphezulu nangaphezulu kwesiqu. E-inflorescence, izimbali zimnyama noma ziphuzi onsomi. Phakathi kwezimbali ezincane ze-tubular esakhiweni, kutholakala amabhulokhi anombala obomvana obomvana futhi ompunga.
AbaseYurophu bafunda ngalesi sitshalo ngemuva kokutholakala kweMelika. ENyakatho Melika, i-Echinacea ikhula ezintabeni nasezigangeni zezihlabathi zemifula. Amabanga wesibili ezinhlobo ze-Echinacea atholakala eYurophu: e-UK, eSlovakia, eCzech Republic, eBulgaria, eRomania, eHungary, eBelgium, eJalimane, eHolland, eFrance, eSpain, eSwitzerland, eNorway, e-Greece, e-Greece, ePoland. Futhi nasemazweni ezwekazi lase-Europe: I-Lithuania, i-Estonia, i-Ukraine, iMoldova, iRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus, ezifundeni eziphakathi neRussia, North Caucasus, i-Urals, iBashkiria kanye nePrimorsky Territory. Izinhlobo ze-Echinacea nazo zitshalwa e-Australia, New Zealand, India, Japan, enyakatho ne-Afrika naseGibhithe.
I-Echinacea. © nicolas_gentUkukhula kwe-echinacea
I-Echinacea ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile emibhedeni yezimbali, emingceleni nasemikhawulweni yezimbali njengezimbali ezisikiwe. Izitshalo zitshalwa enhlabathini endaweni esekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ibanga elingama-50-60 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Bancamela inhlabathi egcwele ngezinto eziphilayo, hhayi i-acidic, hhayi emanzi. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ehlobo, kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40, umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi enani lama-20 g ngebhakede ngalinye ufakwa emanzini wokunisela. Esikhathini sokukhula, iziqu zezimbali ezinezimbali ezishwabene ziyasuswa ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimbali ezintsha futhi ngaleyondlela zandisa isikhathi sezimbali.
Indawo: Indawo efanelekayo elangeni elivulekile, kepha i-echinacea iyabekezelela futhi umthunzi othile.
Ukushisa: I-Echinacea imelana nokushisa komoya okuphezulu nokuphansi.
Ukunisela: Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zomoya nangaphakathi nesomiso, amanzi njalo, mhlawumbe ekuseni noma ntambama.
Ukugcina ukubukeka: Susa ama-peduncle afiphele kanye nezingxenye ezilimele zezitshalo.
Ukuzala: Okusungulwe ikakhulukazi imbewu. Ukuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Izithombo zivame ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wesibili.
Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla (ekwindla noma entwasahlobo) akuvamile ukusakazeka, ngoba isisekelo sesiqu kanye namahlumela asheshe aqhakaze, bese ukubamba imbala kuhamba kancane futhi kube nzima.
I-Echinacea. © 20 After4Ukusakazwa kwe-Echinacea ngembewu
Umhlaba ovaliwe
Imbewu ye-Echinacea ivunwa kancane kancane njengoba ivuthwa. Kuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Mashi, ebhokisini lomhlaba kuze kufike ekujuleni kwesentimitha - isentimitha, ukusuka phezulu imbewu ichotshozwa ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwesihlabathi oluhlanjululwe bese lumanzisa inhlabathi ngokucophelela.
Aziqhume ngokushesha - kusuka emasontweni amabili kuya kwayisihlanu. Izithombo zidinga ukufudumala kanye nomswakama, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo zokushibilika onsomi.
Ukunakekela imbewu kwenzelwa ukuthi izithombo ezincane ezisewindini zingasebenzi futhi zingamanzi. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izithombo ze-Echinacea zitshalwa endaweni evulekile endaweni enelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela kudingeka akhululwe futhi aniselwe ngokulinganayo. I-Echinacea ithanda ukufafaza ngamanzi ashisayo ehlobo kusihlwa.
Umhlaba ovulekile
Lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zazo zizovela emavikini angama-2-4. Ukutshala imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ngoMeyi. Izimo zethu zezulu ziyasiphoqa ukuthi sihlwanyele imbewu ye-echinacea ebubende ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngoFebhuwari - Mashi, bese sitshala izithombo emhlabathini.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Echinacea ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla
I-Echinacea aimurea nayo ingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga esanda kuqala ukubonakala ezitshalweni. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga evulekile futhi izisekelo zamahlumela e-Echinacea zingalinyisiwe. I-Delenka kanye nokusikwa kwezimpande zokuthuthuka okungcono kwezimpande kungamelana namahora amaningi kusixazululo se-immunostimulant ewuketshezi, futhi lapho kutshalwe, zithathwa ngothuli ngefulawa ukuze ikhule. Lapho utshala, izintamo zezimpande ze-Delenok azijuli; kufanele zibe sezingeni lomhlabathi.
Izitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza ezimeni zanamuhla zezimboni zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngendlela ye-meristemic. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole kalula futhi ngokushesha noma iyiphi inombolo yamakhophi adingekayo ezinhlobonhlobo ozifunayo. I-Echinacea purpurea ivame ukuvuthwa ngokuhlobana emikhakheni yezingane, futhi izitshalo ezincane ezivelayo ezivame ukuthengiswa zivame ukuthengiswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma uthenge isitshalo esinjalo nje, lapho-ke kufanele sidluliselwe emabhodweni anomhlabathi wezakhi futhi sigcinwe emthunzini, ungakhohlwa ukunisela amanzi. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu, izitshalo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Izitshalo zeMeristem zingatshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini, kepha lapho-ke udinga ukwenza okuthile okufana nohlaza abamba ukushisa kuzo, ngokwesibonelo, uzimboze ngamabhodlela amakhulu ngaphandle kwaphansi ngaphansi kwamanzi. "Amasheya" amancane ngokunakekelwa okuhle nangokufanele kwesinye isikhathi aze azame ukuqhakaza ehlobo lokuqala, kepha awudingi ukubavumela ukuba bakwenze lokhu.
Ngokuvamile, ukutshalwa kwe-Echinacea purpurea akulethi ubunzima obukhulu. Futhi ingasebenza kalula abalimi nabalimi.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-Echinacea
Uma umhlabathi umanzi kakhulu, khona-ke izinhlobo ezimbili zesikhunta zohlobo lwe-churchospora (Cercospora) ne-septoria (Septoria), ezibangela ukuvela kwamabala emacembe, buthaka nokufa, kungathinta i-echinacea. Uma i-lesion incane, amaqabunga ayasuswa, ngaphandle kwalokho aphathwe nge-fungicides ehambisanayo.
I-Echinacea isengozini yokutheleleka ngegciwane okubangela ukuguquguquka kwama-peduncle, uphuzi wamaqabunga kanye nokuvela kwemivimbo kuyo. Izinhlobo ezithintekayo ziyasuswa.
I-EchinaceaIzinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-Echinacea
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyishumi kuhlobo lwe-Echinacea. Njengesitshalo sokupholisa, sezikhulile I-Echinacea aimurea (I-Echinacea aimurea), I-echinacea emincane (Echinacea angustifolia) ne I-Echinacea pale (Echinacea pallida). Emithini, ama-rhizomes asetshenziswa kaningi, kepha amakhanda wezimbali, imbewu kanye nojusi wesitshalo sonke nakho kuyasetshenziswa.
I-Echinacea purpurea yaziwa kakhulu njenge-immunostimulant; imvamisa ifakwa emithini yokulwa nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala nezifo.
Njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, zivame ukukhula I-Echinacea aimurea futhi I-echinacea engajwayelekile (I-Echinacea paradoxa), ngokwesisekelo sabo, izinhlobo zesimanje kanye nzalo yezitshalo zikhuliswa ikakhulukazi.
I-Echinacea purpurea inezimbali ezinkulu ezihle (kufika ku-12 cm ubukhulu) ngombala onsundu, omude njengomsuka wedome.
I-echinacea eyisimanga - okuwukuphela kwe-echinacea ephuzi kuhlobo; ubuntu bayo bokuphikisana nesithwathwa obuphansi kunenye i-echinacea.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-echinacea zidumile kusiko lesimanje lokulima:
Ngama-petals apinki nawokudla okusajingijolo: Merlot, Ithemba, Magnus, Oover, Pica Bella, Rubinstern (Ruby Star), Ruby Giant, Crimson Star wase-Springbrook, uRaspberry Tart.
Ngamacembe amhlophe: I-White Luster.
Ngama-petals aphuzi: Ukuvunwa kweNyanga (UMathewu Saul) neBig Sky Sunrise okusha nzalo yaseMelika.
UTerry: Razzmatazz.
Phansi (55-60 cm ukuphakama): I-Star Star, i-Little Giant, Ukuheha okubucayi, Ngemuva Kwemva Kwemini (u-Emily Saul), uKim's Knee High onamaphara apinki-raspberry kanye noFinale White, uCygnet White, uKim weMoh Head enethambo elimhlophe. Ukuhlangana kwalezi zitshalo kubenza balungele umugqa ongaphambili we-mixborder nokukhula ezimbizeni.
I-White Swan - isitshalo esiphansi (kufika ku-1 m) ngezimbali zikakhilimu.
I-Sky Summer (Katie Saul) - i-echinacea entsha enezithoni ezimbili: ama-peals aphakeme ane- "halo" epinki enkabeni. Izimbali ezinkulu futhi ezinamakha ngokwengeziwe. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - kuze kufike ku-75 cm.
I-Prairie Frost iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala ngamahlamvu anezici. Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo uyathakazelisa: ngonyaka we-1996, izitshalo ezinjalo zavela kungazelelwe phakathi kokutshala kwe-Echinacea yezinhlobonhlobo zeBravado. Izimbali ezinamaphara apinki-onsomi nesikhungo sobhedu-nsundu.
I-Art's Pride - i-Echinacea enamaphilisi we-peach-orange.
INkosi iyisitshalo esikhulu ukuphakama (kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-220 cm) ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana-ezibomvana (kufika ku-15 cm ubukhulu).
I-Echinacea. © I-Jordan MeeterUkusetshenziswa kwe-Echinacea purpurea kwezokwelapha
Ngaphezu kwezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ama-echinacea anezinto zokwelapha. Ngenhloso yezokwelapha, i-echinacea yanoma yimuphi ubudala isetshenziswa, kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Njengoba kusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha, iziqu, izimbali, amaqabunga ezitshalo nama-rhizomes anezimpande asetshenziswa. I-Echinacea isetshenziswa ngomlomo ngomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, izifo ezithinta izindlebe, i-mononucleosis, izifo zesinye, ukutheleleka kwegazi. Ngaphezulu, i-echinacea isetshenziselwa ukusha, i-furunculosis, amanxeba, amathumba, i-urticaria, ukulunywa izinambuzane, i-eczema, i-herpes nezinye izifo zesikhumba.
Amalungiselelo avela ku-Echinacea purpurea asetshenziselwa izifo ezibangelwa ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, imisebe ye-ionizing, izinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali, kanye nokwelashwa okuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngezifo zesibindi, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukudalulwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, ukhunta, izinambuzane.
Isitshalo sokwelapha i-Echinacea asigcini ngokuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kodwa futhi sibangela ukufa kwamagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta esithile. Ama-Echinacea akhipha inhibit streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, virus herpes, stomatitis, umkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyinto enamandla kakhulu yamakhambi elwa namagciwane!
Ukulungiselela okuvela esitshalweni kuyaphumelela ekwelapheni i-polyarthritis, i-rheumatism, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, i-prostatitis, izifo zepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu, nezilonda ezindexekile, i-microbial eczema, osteomyelitis. Njengama-lotions avela ku-decoction, asetshenziselwa i-eczema, i-psoriasis, izifo ze-streptococcal, zonke izinhlobo zamanxeba, ukulunywa yizinyosi nezinyoka.
I-Echinacea. © i-deedavee rahisiIningi lifunde ngomphumela we-polysaccharides Echinacea. Ama-polysaccharides afana nesitashi, i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, i-pectin ne-inulin ahlukaniswe nge-echinacea ebubende, emincane ne-echinacea.
Ama-polysaccharides ezitshalo ashukumisa umsebenzi wamaseli amhlophe egazi lomuntu, afaka isandla ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwama-T-lymphocyte. Yini esiza ukukhipha amagciwane emzimbeni namaseli athintekayo kuwo futhi avimbele noma enze buthakathaka lesi sifo.
Ama-polysaccharides azungeze amaseli wezicubu futhi azivikele emiphumeleni yamagciwane nama-pathogenic. Lokhu kungumphumela ovusa amandla wesitshalo sokwelapha i-Echinacea emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu.
I-Caffeic acid glycoside isheshisa ukuphulukiswa, ikhulisa ukumelana komzimba ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo. I-Echinacin - isheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba.
Lo mphumela uhlotshaniswa namandla alezi zingxube zokucindezela umsebenzi we-enzyme hyaluronidase, okuholela kumphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala ne-analgesic othize we-echinacea. Umphumela olwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antimicrobial uvuselelwa ngama-acid aqukethe i-hydroxycinnamic acid.
Enye impahla ephulukisa ye-echinacea yikhono lokuvimbela ukubhujiswa kwe-hyaluronic acid emzimbeni - into egcwalisa izikhala eziphakathi nendawo futhi ivimbele ukusakazeka kwamagciwane namagciwane kusuka kuseli kuya kwesinye.
Kufakwe i-inulin isebenze amasosha omzimba, okwandisa ukuhamba kwe-leukocyte ezindaweni ezinokutheleleka, okunyusa ukugcwala kwezakhi zomzimba zokuzivikela, kanye nokubhubhisa amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezinye izidalwa ezingamagciwane.
Yize ukwakheka kwe-Echinacea njengesitshalo sokwelapha, kungabonakala, akufundiswanga kahle, kepha kufihla izimfihlo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, muva nje kuvela ukuthi i-Echinacea iqukethe ama-antioxidants. Manje ososayensi abaningi bafunda ngokucophelela amakhono esitshalo ukuze kuliwe nezinye izifo.
