Amaphayinaphu, aqala ukulethwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-16, ngokushesha anambitha ubuhle bendawo. Ukuhamba kuleyo nkathi kwakubiza kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezingomdabu waseBrazil zaqala ukutshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. I-Russia ayizange ishiye umbuso weYurophu. Lapha, isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, "izingxibongo" ezingaphandle kwenhlabathi zikhule ngezinga lezimboni eSt. Petersburg nangale enyakatho, eSolovki. Kepha amasheya avela ngekhulu le-19 asishintsha isimo, futhi izithelo zezithelo ezinamanzi zaqala ukulethwa zivela eSouth America.
Lokhu kuyenzeka namuhla, kepha noma kunjalo, inzalo ekhulayo yamaphayinaphu ekhaya ayishabalali. Ngaphandle kokufutheka phesheya kwezilwandle, lesi sitshalo saphenduka saba sikhetha impela, futhi isihlahla esisebenzayo nesinezithelo singatholakala ngisho nasekuqhekekeni kwesithelo esisha.
Emvelweni, isiko likhula lifinyelele ku-60-80 cm futhi liqukethe isiqu esincane, sihlotshiswe ngamaqabunga amade abukhali, impande ye-fibrous nezithelo, ezakhiwe phezulu kwehlumela eliyinhloko, elikhulayo ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngenxa yalokhu kuzala, ngaphansi kwesikhumba esikhanyisiwe kufihla inyama enomhluzi, lesi sitshalo sesibe ngesinye sezilimo ezibaluleke kakhulu hhayi ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika kuphela, kodwa nase-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, i-rosette yamaqabunga uphayinaphu ingafinyelela kububanzi bamamitha amabili. Efulethini, ukufeza usayizi ofanayo wesitshalo ngeke kusebenze, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-4, ngokunakwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, futhi ekhaya, izithelo ezinhle ezinamakha zizokhula kaphayinaphu. Futhi yize uphumelela kuzodingeka ubekezele, ukuthuthukiswa okungajwayelekile kwesitshalo kuwufanele umzamo nesikhathi.
Ukuze ukhule uphayinaphu, ungasebenzisa imbewu noma ukusika okwenzeka esiqu sesitshalo esidala. Kodwa indlela elula ekhaya ukukhulisa uphayinaphu kusuka phezulu, ukusikwa ezithelo ezivuthiwe ezintsha.
Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu kusuka ezinhlanyweni ekhaya
Indlela enzima futhi edla isikhathi kakhulu ukusabalalisa imbewu. Okokuqala, izithombo zingatholakala kuphela ngembewu ethengiwe. Ezithelweni zembewu ethengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu, akunakuba nhlobo nhlobo imbewu, noma ukutholakala kwazo okumhlophe kuphela.
Imbewu yophayinaphu elungele ukuhluma inesimo esicwebezelayo esifushane, ifinyelela ku-3-4 mm ubude futhi ipendwe ngombala onsundu noma obomvu onsundu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu amahora angama-18 kuya ku-24 ibekwa phakathi kwezendlalelo zethawula elimanzi bese kuthi, selimboziwe, lifakwe endaweni efudumele. Lapho-ke, lapho bedonsa kancane, bafika kwinhlanganisela enomswakama peat nesihlabathi. Ukuze imbewu encane ikhule ngaphandle kobunzima, bangcwatshwa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm.
Izitsha kumele zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi bese zifakwa emlilweni. Kusezingeni lokushisa elinikezwe imbewu lapho ukuhluma kwazo kanye nesikhathi sokuvela kokuhluma kokuqala kuzoncika:
- Kumazinga okushisa amakamelo ajwayelekile, ukuhluma kungathatha kusuka kumaviki angama-3-4 kuya enyangeni nesigamu.
- Uma uqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu ihlala emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-30-32 ° C, ungabona amahlumela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3.
Kubalulekile ukondla umbuso wokushisa hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nokuthoba inhlabathi ngesikhathi, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ukondla izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, izitshalo zivundiswa ngezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi izakhi eziyinhloko nezakhi zomkhondo.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amaningana kuma-rosette amasha, ayabanjiswa, adlulisele ndawonye nesigaxa esincane somhlabathi emhlabathini wezitshalo ezindala. Inhlabathi enjalo ingenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuxuba i-peat, humus, inhlabathi engadini nesihlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Ukunikeza isakhiwo nohlobo lokuvikelwa ezifweni, amalahle achotshoziwe ayengezwa emhlabathini aze afike ku-5% wevolumu. Futhi ingxenye yesihlabathi ingathathelwa indawo nge-perlite.
Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu kusuka phezulu ekhaya
Uma ungathola imbewu yesiko elivamile hhayi njalo hhayi yonke indawo, khona-ke ungakhula uphayinaphu ekhaya kusuka phezulu kwesithelo esithengiwe esitolo, noma ungenalo ulwazi olukhethekile. Kuliqiniso, ukusondela ekukhetheni okukhona, okuhlelelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokutshala, kufanelekile ukusondela unomthwalo wemfanelo ogcwele. Iphayinaphu kufanele ibe yintsha, ibe ne-rosette eluhlaza eluhlaza yamaqabunga, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuphangwa, ukulimala ngokubanda noma ukubuna. Lapho uhlola, udinga ukunaka iphuzu lokukhula kokuphuma kwalo, uma libolile, lome noma limane lilahlekile, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthola isitshalo esisha.
Ekhaya, lapho kukhula uphayinaphu embewini yezithelo ngommese obukhali ohlanzekile, sinqume engxenyeni ephezulu, ungathathi kuphela indawo enamaqabunga, kodwa indawo ye-fetus amasentimitha amathathu aphansi. Uma uphayinaphu uvuthiwe ngokuphelele, ungasula isisekelo, ngobumnene, ubambe isigaxa siqine ngesandla esisodwa, nesinye izithelo.
Lapho kutholakala izinto zokutshala zesikhathi esizayo, zonke izinsalela zamapulangwe anojusi, ezingaba ngumthombo wokubola, zisuswa ngokucophelela esitolo. Amacembe amafushane aphansi ayasuswa ukuze kutholakale isiqu sesilinda esifinyelela ku-3 amasentimitha.
Izingxenye kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo esigcwele se-potassium permanganate, namalahle ahlanganisiwe noma, okuzosheshisa ukubukeka kwezimpande, ngesisombululo se-epin.
Ukuvikela isiqu ekuthini singaboli, kuyalulekwa ukushiya uphayinaphu owomile ngaphambi kokuba ukhule isikhathi sosuku noma ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukulengisa isokhethi ukuze lingahlangani nanoma iyiphi indawo. Ividiyo yokuthi ikhula kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya izokwambula konke ukuthobeka kwenqubo futhi ikhombise ngokusobala zonke izigaba zayo.
I-Rooting yenziwa ngokucwiliswa kwengxenye yezikhuni ezisulwe amaqabunga emanzini. Ukugcina usezingeni elifanele, ungasebenzisa umbuthano wekhadibhodi noma izinyo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni.
Lapho izimpande zokuqala zivele kupulayinaphu, irosette ingatshalwa emhlabathini, futhi isitshalo esincane akufanele singcwatshwe ngaphezulu kwesihlahla esingaphansi samaqabunga. I-substrate ezungeze yisithombo ngokucophelela, izama ukungalimazi izimpande ezimbalwa zokubala, ukuqhekeka ne-condense.
Ukutshala okwengeziwe kaphayinaphu ekhaya kwenzeka ngaphansi kwefilimu emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-20-22 ° C. Uma kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukufudumala komoya nenhlabathi kuya ku-25 ° C, ngemuva kwenyanga kuzovela amaqabunga amasha aqhamile enkabeni yokuphuma.
Ngenkathi kukhona i-acclimatization kanye ne-rooting, isitshalo sikaphayini sibalulekile:
- vimbela ukuvuvukala kusuka ekuphonseni, okubangela ukukhula kwesikhunta nokubola kwamahlamvu;
- thambisa umhlabathi njalo;
- veza umoya wokutshala, ungavumeli isitshalo ukuthi sipholile.
Imbiza enesitshalo sikaphayinaphu ibekwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe, lapho imisebe yelanga engaqondile ingeke isongele ukuphuma kuyo.
Ukusakazwa kaphayiphu ngokusika kwezimpande
Uma indlu isivele inesitshalo sikaphayinaphu esidala, singasatshalaliswa kusetshenziswa inqubo yendodakazi eyakhelwe engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu noma ngaphansi kokuzala, okulula ukuyiqhekeza nezimpande. Njengezinto zokutshala, ukusika osekuvele kukhiqizwe imigqa emide yamaqabunga futhi efinyelele kubude be-15-20 cm kungasetshenziswa.
Njengokuphuma okuvela phezulu kwephayinaphu, isiqu singasuswa noma singasikwa ngokucophelela ngecala elibukhali. Indawo yokusikwa kufanele ifafazwe imvuthuluka yamalahle, bese kuthi ngezihlahla ezisikiwe zifane nokukhula uphayinaphu kusuka phezulu ekhaya.
Uma i-basal rosette isivele inezimpande zezithelo, ingatshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini ekhanyayo kusuka engxube ye-peat, perlite kanye nesigcawu esenziwe ngomumo sezitshalo zasendlini.
Ungayinakekela kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya?
Ukunakekela uphayinaphu wasekhaya ukuhlinzeka zonke izimo zokukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi uphayinaphu ukhethe futhi ugcine umhlabathi onempilo onempilo.
- Dala ukukhanya okwamukelekayo, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
- Iphayinaphu idinga ukuchelela nokuhlelela okuhle.
Lapho utshala uphayinaphu futhi uyinakekela ekhaya, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinalo uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla wohlobo lwendawo olungaphezulu:
- Inhlabathi kumele ivunyelwe kuwo womabili umswakama kanye nomoya-mpilo.
- Isendlalelo sokudonswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekile sinikezwa ebhodweni.
- Isitsha ngokwaso akufanele sibe sijulile, kepha uphayinaphu uphatha kahle izimbiza.
Kuhle ukukhulisa uphayinaphu waseningizimu othanda ukukhanya ekhaya kumawindi aseningizimu, asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ehlobo, lapho ilanga selishisa impela, kungcono ukufihla uphayinaphu ohlangothini oluseningizimu, kepha ebusika, izitshalo zidinga ukukhanyiselwa emuva okwandisa amahora okukhanya kosuku ngamahora angama-6-8.
Ngomcabango onempilo, amahlamvu amancane anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Futhi amaqabunga aqhamuka ezikhundleni eziphansi awomile futhi abunile, kepha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aqine futhi anomhluzi. Ngezinga elanele lokukhanya, indawo ephumayo iyakhiwa ngokulandelana.
Umkhawulo wokushisa komoya ophansi kakhulu wepayinaphu ekhaya ngu-18 ° C. emoyeni onjalo isitshalo siyabonakala. Futhi ekuthuthukiseni okusebenzayo, umoya kufanele ufudumale. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingaqala kusuka kuma-22 kuye kwangama-30 ° C.
Ukunakekela uphayinaphu wasekhaya kufaka ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, okumbalwa, kepha okuningi, abakuthatha njengokufudumele, okushisa okuma, namanzi amile.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, izitshalo ziyaniselwa, kepha amaqabunga amanzi ngezinsuku ezibandayo angazibangeli izifo futhi ancipha. Umphumela ofanayo kufanele ulindelwe uma uphayinaphu uthola umoya obandayo ewindini elivulekile, noma uma kunomphumela webhethri elishisayo.
Ukusuka maphakathi nentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala izimila ezisebenzayo, futhi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, amaphayinaphu adliwa ekhaya olusezingeni lokunakekelwa. Isheduli ihlelwe ngokuya ngesimo sesitshalo, kepha ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa umanyolo womanyolo kanye nowokumbiwa kanye njalo emavikini ayi-1-2.
Ebusika, ukondla kukhanseliwe, ukuthambisa kuyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe liyancishiswa.
Ungayenza kanjani iqhaga elenziwe ekhaya liqhakaze futhi ulinakekele?
Isikhathi sokwenza izithelo kumaphayinaphu siqala eminyakeni engama-2-4 ngemuva kokuvela kwesakhiwo. Kuyiqiniso, ngisho nasekutshaleni kwezimboni bathola izithelo, belapha izitshalo nge-acetylene noma i-acetic acid besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Ekhaya, uphayinaphu okhulayo, izindlela ezinjalo azamukeleki kakhulu, kepha nalapha ungenza isitshalo esinenkani ukwakha i-inflorescence.
Ukugqugquzelwa kwesinye isikhathi kwesitshalo ngomanyolo we-organic iba yisikhuthazi esihle. Uma uphayinaphu uthola umquba kabili ngenyanga phakathi nenkathi yokukhula, khona-ke emva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3 ungalinda ukuqhakaza. Abanye ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi kungafafazwa ingaphakathi lesakhiwo nekhambi le-acetylene elithathwe kwilitha lamanzi kanye nama-gramu ayi-15 e-carbide izinsuku eziningana.
Umphumela ofanayo uyatholakala ngokubeka umsele ngenani elincane lamanzi kanye nocezu lwe-carbide eshayo eceleni kwembiza. Ngenkambiso, kungcono ukumboza ibhodwe ngesikhwama noma ufake ku greenhouse. Ama-apula ajwayelekile, akhiqiza i-ethylene ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, nawo angacunula isitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-apula amasha abekwa eceleni kwebhodwe elimi endaweni ebamba ukushisa izinsuku eziningana.
Imvamisa, ukuthuthukisa ukuqhakaza, abatshali bezimbali basebenzisa i-fumigation yesitshalo ngentuthu ejwayelekile. Le nqubo kufanele ihlale imizuzu eyi-10-15 futhi iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto.
Izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokwelashwa, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwephayinaphu ekhaya, kuqala kuvela i-inflorescence, bese kuthi, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30, kanye nesibeletho seqanda. Ukuvulwa kwezithelo kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-6, emva kwalokho ungazama uphayinaphu olukhule wedwa.
