Uma uqala ukubheka, isitshalo esinezimbali ezinkulu futhi siyacwilisa, izimbali zensimbi enamakha angamakhandlela zithandeka futhi zimangaza lo mbono. Lokhu yiBrugmansia, ukufika phansi nokunakekelwa endaweni evulekile edinga ukunakwa nesikhathi, kepha wonke umsebenzi kufanele ukhokhe.
Isiko lesikhathi eside elihlala kwamanye amazwe, elibizwa ngokuthi "amashubhu ezingelosi" ngesimo sezimbali, ngokwemvelo kunokuvela kwesihlahla esikhulu esihlala sikhona esihlahleni noma isihlahla. E-Russia, ngenxa yemvula ebandayo, ebulalayo ezitshalweni, i-brugmansia ekhula endaweni evulekile kungenzeka kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Kakade ku-5-7 ° C amaqabunga aqala ukuwa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lisondela ku-zero noma ngaphansi, ingxenye yomhlabathi ithinteka kakhulu futhi imvamisa iyafa. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, isitshalo sokuhlobisa siyaphoqelelwa ukuba ngaphakathi ezindlini.
Ungawutshala kanjani umuthi weBrugmansia futhi unakekele lesi sakhamuzi esihle samahlathi ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika?
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-Brugmansia
Noma ngabe kwakuyi-sapling noma i-Brugmansia endala, isitshalo esizodonsa phezu kwe-flowerbed entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kwalokho, sasisesimweni sokudonswa kwehlobo.
Ngokuqala kokushisa, izinqubo zokuhlobisa izimila zisetshenziswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi weBrugmansia ungalungiswa ngokutshala engadini:
- Uma lesi sitshalo besisendlini efudumele ebusika, sidinga ukuqina. Lokhu, iBrugmansia ijwayela kancane ukuthola umoya omusha, usuku nosuku inweba "inqubo" leyo.
- Lapho ubusika beBrugmansia buhlelwe egumbini elingaphansi elipholile noma kwelinye igumbi emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-+8 ° C, lesi sitshalo kufanele silethwe emhlabeni, lapho ukukhula kwaso kuzoqala kabusha ngokushesha.
I-Brugmansia ingesinye sezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-Ephreli, ngenkathi umuthi usebhubhu, uqala ukondliwa ngengxube nge-nitrogen. Lokhu kuvusa ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha namahlamvu.
Futhi nini ukutshala iBrugmansia emhlabathini ovulekile? Kungenziwa kuphela lapho ingozi yokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ingasekho ngokuphelele. Maphakathi neRussia, lesi sikhathi asifiki kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi noma uJuni.
Kunezindlela ezimbili ongazitshala zokutshala iBrugmansia ukukhetha umhlali wasehlobo:
- emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuze kukhishwe isitshalo futhi ekwindla bese kumakwa ngebhola lobumba eshubhu;
- esitsheni esikhulu ukuze umuthi ukhule njengesiko lebhubhu.
Zombili izindlela zinezinzuzo nobuthakathaka bazo. Isitshalo esikhulu kunzima ukusikhipha enhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande nokukhipha amahlumela ngezimbali. Futhi ebhabhini, iBrugmansia idinga ukuthambisa okuningi nokufaka umquba ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande zesihlahla esiqhakazayo ziyakhula, futhi maduze uzodinga ukufakelwa esitsheni ngisho nangokwengeziwe.
Ukuze wonge amandla futhi isikhathi eside ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlobisa kweBrugmansia kuzosiza ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswe kakhulu. Muhle njengezihlahla kuze kufinyelele kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, kepha acinene kakhulu futhi adinga ukuthenwa okuncane.
Ukunakekela iBrugmansia ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kwakungekho umthwalo futhi kusebenza kahle, izitshalo zifuna indawo enelanga yokuvikelwa umoya. Lokhu kuzosiza ukudala i-microclimate efaneleke kakhulu yezivakashi ezishisayo futhi zinikeze izimo zokuqhakaza njalo.
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi efanelekile. Ukuze kukhule futhi kwakhiwe izimbali eziningi ezinkulu, lesi sitshalo sidinga isakhi sokondla umzimba ngokufakwa:
- 1 ingxenye loam;
- Izingxenye ezi-2 zamapulangwe aphansi;
- Ingxenye e-1 ebolile kahle futhi yahlanzwa ukufakwa okunama-humus.
Ingxube yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ebhodweni kufanele ihlanzwe yi-calcining kuhhavini noma ichitheke ngesixazululo se-pink esine-potanganum permanganate. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nge-brrugmansia ibhodwe eli-volumetric lamalitha ayi-10-30 liyadingeka, kuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande.
Uma kufanele unakekele i-Brugmansia emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphambi kokutshala, njengasesithombeni, inhlabathi ekhethiwe emgodini nayo ichuma nge-humus futhi i-peat ifakwa njengophawuda wokubhaka, futhi uma kunesidingo, inezelwa isihlabathi.
Nakekela iBrugmansia ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Izimo eziphambili zobuhle nokuqhakaza okude kweBrugmansia yile:
- ukutholakala komsoco wesitshalo esinamandla esikhula ngokushesha;
- amanzi amaningi;
- isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho amazinga okushisa ephezulu +2323 C eba khona;
- ukuntuleka komoya obandayo ovuthayo;
- ukuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Uma kungabikho lutho oluphazamisa ukulinyelwa kweBrugmansia, inakekele itholakala ngokuchelela okuningana kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Isitshalo sasehlathini esishisayo sihlangana ngokuqinile nokwoma kwenhlabathi nomoya, ngakho-ke lapho kushisa, iBrugmansia inganiselwa kaningana ngosuku. Kodwa umuthi kufanele ufafazwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi azokonakalisa ukubukeka kwezimbali ezinhle kakhulu.
Esimweni sezulu esinamafu nesinezimvula, uhlelo lokunisela luyashintshwa ukuze kungabi namahlamvu namahlumela ezimbali. I-Brugmansia ebhodweni elihanjiswe engadini ingahlupheka ngokweqile kwenhlabathi. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kungcono ukulahla isitsha noma usebenzise amashubhu wobumba lwawo olunemibala engemnyama.
Lapho isitshalo sesikhule umqhele, kufanele kukhuthazwe ukuqhuma. Ukondla ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium kuzosiza ukwenza lokhu. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinto ze-nitrogen nezomkhondo. Bazokweseka ukukhula futhi bahlinzeke ngokukhazimula kwezimbali eziluhlaza okotshani nezimbali. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa njalo, kusukela esikhathini sokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kuze kube uSeptemba, ukushintshanisa ukuxutshwa kwezimbiwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo.
Isiginali lapho umtshali enquma isidingo somuthi weBrugmansia kumanyolo sizoba yile:
- ukuncishiswa kosayizi wamapuleti eshidi;
- ukuthakazelelwa kwamaqabunga;
- incane kunangaphambili, inani lama-buds.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo emndenini osondelene, kwakheka izithelo eziphakeme esikhundleni sezimbali ezibunayo zeBrugmansia. Uma engasuswa, ama-ovari azothatha amandla amaningi, umuthi uzonciphisa ngokunensa ijubane lokwakhiwa kwehlumela.
Brugmansia ubusika
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi liyingozi i-thermophilic brugmansia, ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kokulinda isithwathwa, liyasuswa emhlabathini bese lidluliselwa egumbini. Brugmansia ubusika yenzeka:
- emazingeni okushisa komoya angama-5-8 ° C ebumnyameni, ngisho nangaphansi;
- egumbini elinomoya lishiswa lize lifike ku-10 ° C, kodwa ngaphansi kokukhanyisa nokunisela.
Esimweni sokuqala, lesi sitshalo kufanele silungiselelwe ushintsho ezimweni zokuphila, kancane kancane sinciphise ubukhulu bokunisela.
Kuze kube ishumi lesibili likaMashi, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokutshala nokunakekela iBrugmansia endaweni evulekile, lesi sitshalo sinqunyiwe. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuzokwenza umqhele uhlangane ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukuqhakaza amahlumela amancane kuzoqinisekisa ubukhazikhazi nobude.
I-Brugmansia yazuza "imikhuba" yegadi nightshade eyaziwa kakhulu kubahlali behlobo: upelepele ne-isitshalo seqanda. Akukhuli ukuthi kube nezinhlamvu kuze kube kuvela kuvela esiqwini.
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuthena, "imfoloko" enjalo, kanye namahlumela amancane aseceleni engxenyeni ephezulu yomqhele kufanele ashiywe. Amagatsha owonakalisiwe noma amaningi kakhulu angaphansi kokususwa noma ukufinyezwa. Uma i-Brugmansia esakhiweni ikhule kusuka kusiki lwesiqu ngaphandle kwephuzu lokukhula elingaphezulu, ungasika isitshalo esinjalo unyaka ngemuva kokuqhakaza kokuqala, okungukuthi, eneminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwengama-2.
Ukuzalela i-brugmansia nokunakekela izitshalo ezincane
I-Brugmansia isatshalaliswa imbewu nezindlela zezitshalo, okuvame kakhulu ukusikwa. Ukuzikhiqizela imbewu akuqinisekisi ukulondolozwa kwezimpawu zesitshalo somzali.
Kepha le nzalo igoqwa kalula futhi ihlume zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokutshala. Endala imbewu, isikhathi eside ilinda izithombo.
Ukuhlwanyela enhlabathini yezakhamzimba okukhanyayo kwenziwa kusukela ngoJanuwari. Kuze kube kuvela amahlumela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, isitsha sigcinwa endaweni eluhlaza ekushiseni kwama-20-25 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okukhulu, izitshalo zinikeza ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama owandisiwe. Govuza inhlabathi njalo, ukuvikele ukuthi ingoma.
Izithombo zeBrugmansia zingathelwa esiteji samaqabunga ayi-4 wangempela. Izitshalo azesabi ukujula futhi zakha kahle izimpande ezingaphansi, zishesha ukuzungeza umthamo wenhlabathi "ophathiswe zona". Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, isithombo sidluliselwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana. I-Nitrogen, bese okondla okuyinkimbinkimbi, kusiza ukukhuthaza nokugcina ukukhula.
Ukusika kuyindlela elula futhi evamile kakhulu yokukhiqiza kabusha i-brugmansia lapho uyinakekela endlini nasendaweni evulekile. Ukuze uthole ukubamba kwezingcambu, amahlumela agcwele izimbotshana ngokugcwele noma isigamu esinezindawo ezingama-2-3 ubude obungu-15 kuya ku-20 cm.Ungathola into efanelekile yokutshala kusuka entwasahlobo lapho kwenziwa iziqu kuze kube ekwindla.
Ekubonakaleni okusheshayo kwezimpande, ukusikwa ngamapuleti amaqabunga asusiwe kuphathwa ngendlela evuselelayo, bese ifakwa i-dropwise ingxube ekhanyayo ye-sand-peat noma icwiliswe emanzini. Ku-greenhouse, ukhula lwenhlanganisela kungathatha izinyanga ezintathu, khona-ke ukusikeka kudluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukile. Izithombo zingadluliselwa endaweni engapheli lapho ama-buds okulala kuma-sinuses evuka futhi akhula. Lapho unakekela iBrugmansia ngemuva kokutshala endaweni evulekile, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi amasampula amancane aqine kakhulu kunabantu abadala ukuphendula ushintsho lokushisa nomswakama, futhi ahlaselwa kaningi yizinambuzane.
