Izinkukhu ezinkulu, ezikhula ngokushesha zokuzalela inyama ngesizini eyodwa ziyakwazi ukuhlinzeka imindeni nenyama enempilo enoshukela, futhi izinkukhu zamaqanda nezinyama zenyama zizophinda zidle ukudla komfuyi wezinkukhu ngeqanda elisha. Izinhlobo zanamuhla zezinkukhu zenyama kanye nokuma kweqanda-inyama ziya ngokuheha ukuheha ukunakekela kwabaninimapulazi. Lezi zinyoni ziqinile, zinengqondo, ziqinile futhi zivumelana kalula nokugcina lapho kugcinwa inkukhu ehlobo.
Izici ezihlosiwe zenkukhu ezakhelwe inyama ziyisayizi yazo enkulu, ithambo eliqinile nomlingiswa olinganiselayo. Ngokubekwa kweqanda, izinhlobo eziningi zezinkukhu zezindawo zonke, ezikhethekile ngeqanda-nenyama cishe ziphansi ekubhekeni izinkukhu zezinhlobo zamaqanda, futhi izinkukhu zenyama ziyizinkukhu ezinhle. Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo, abalimi bezinkukhu basebenza ngenkuthalo iziphambano namuhla - inzalo e-hybrid evela ezinhlanzini ezaziwayo ezithatha izibonakaliso ezingcono ezivela kubazali bobabili.
Isibonelo, ukuthola iziphambano eziningi zenkukhu ezinama-broiler, abamele abaziwayo nabathandekayo baseRussia izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Plymouthrock neCornish yokuqondisa inyama basetshenziswa.
Bopha izinkukhu
Inyama yohlobo lwezinkukhu noma iCornish iyindala, ebilwelwe engxenyeni yokuqala yezinkukhu zenkulungwane ye-19, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka edlule yaziwa hhayi e-UK kuphela, kepha emhlabeni wonke. Izinyoni zathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yekhono lokunikeza iziphambano zenyama ezinhle kakhulu.
Namuhla, izinkukhu ezimhlophe zamaKhaladi zikhuliselwa le njongo ngezinga lezimboni. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwezinyoni ezindlini ezivamisile, khona-ke ziqala kakhulu, kepha, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zenyama, zikhiqiza amaqanda ambalwa kakhulu.
Ukusuka kowesifazane oyedwa omhlophe ngonyaka, ungathola amaqanda ama-brownish amakhulu angama-100 - 130. Inyoni enemibala iletha iqanda ngegobolondo elinsundu noma elinsundu.
Izinkukhu zePlymouthrock
Inyoni yaseMelika evela ePlymouthrock yaqala ukwaziwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lweBrama, iLangshan, Kokhinkhiny nezinye, izinhlobo ezingaziwa kahle, baba ngabakhiqizi bezinkukhu zanamuhla zenyama yenkomo.
Kuze kube manje, izinkukhu zePlymouthrock zingaba nemibala eyisithupha eyamukelekayo. Isitoko esimhlophe kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukufakelwa izimboni, futhi abamele abakhanyayo bale nhlobonhlobo yenyama bahlala kahle emagcekeni angasese. Ukuthandwa kohlobo lokudala oludala kugcinwa ngenxa yokungazethembi kwezinyoni, ukuqondiswa kwenyama yazo okukhulayo nokukhula ngokushesha. Kakade ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuphila, izinkukhu ezivela kubumbano lwezinkukhu zePlymouthrock neCornish izinhlobo zingakhula zibe yi-1,8 kg.
Amaqhude amadala anesisindo esingama-4.5 kg, nezinkukhu cishe ngo-3.5 kg. Okonyaka, ukubeka izinkukhu kunika amaqanda acishe abe ngu-170.
Izinkukhu ezi-Broiler
Izinkukhu ezaziwa nge-broiler akuyona inzalo yenyama, njengoba abalimi abaningi abaqala inkukhu becabanga. Lezi ziphambano ziyinzalo evela kuzimboni ezihlanganisiwe zezinyoni zohlobo lwePlymouthrock neCornish. Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kufakwe nezinye izinhlobo zenyama ohlelweni lokuthola izinkukhu ezingama-broiler, isibonelo, iJubilee Kuchinsky, Brahma noma Kokhinhin. Izinkukhu ezinjalo zikhombisa ukusebenza kwerekhodi lokudla inyama, kepha hhayi ukudlulisela izimfanelo zazo ezizalweni, ngakho-ke zigcinwa kuphela kuze kutholwe isisindo esithengiswayo bese zibulawa.
Izinkukhu zeBrahma
Ukuthola uhlobo lwenyama yezinkukhu zenkukhu iBrahma kubuye maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina. Izinyoni zaseMelika zafuywa ngesisekelo senkukhu yase-Asia ezilwa, i-Cikhinhin nezinye izinhlobo. Le nyoni enkulu kakhulu yagcina ithakazelisa kangangokuba eminyakeni eyi-10-15 bafunda ngayo kwi-Old World. Futhi kuze kube manje, izinkukhu zalokhu kuzalanisa zithandwa kakhulu kumabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni naphakathi kwabalimi.
Izinhlobo eziningana zezinkukhu zeBrahma zikhuliswa emhlabeni, isithombe sikhombisa ngokucacile umehluko kumbala walezi zinyoni, kanye nezici ezingajwayelekile ezitholakala ngokuzalaniswa nokunquma indlela yazo njengenyama yokuhlobisa.
Ngokwezindinganiso zesimanje, ama-roonst Bramah angaba nesisindo esingafika ku-5 kg, kanye namahektha cishe ngo-4.5 kg. Abesifazane bayizikhukhukazi ezihamba phambili zomama, futhi ngaphezulu konyaka bangakhiqiza amaqanda acishe abe ngu-120 ansundu afinyelela ku-60 amagremu.
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu olufanelwe ukuba ngumhlobiso wepulazi elizimele livumelana ngokushesha nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuboshwa, alusheshe futhi lubekezelela kahle ubusika. Le nyoni ayizidingi izindawo ezinkulu zokuhamba, ayindiza futhi ihlangana kahle nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, kodwa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izinkukhu ze-Cochinha
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zaseChinese eRussia zaqala ukuthandwa muva nje, kodwa maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, zikwazile nokusebenzela umhlaba phakathi kweGreat Britain noMbuso wezulu. Ngenxa yeplamu enhle kakhulu nosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, lezi zinyoni aziphumelelanga nje phakathi kwabalimi kanye nochwepheshe bezolwandle, kodwa futhi nabanikazi bezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho izinkukhu zaseKokhinkhina zazikhuliswa njengomhlobiso.
Abamele lokhu kuzala kwenyama ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo bazuza isisindo. I-Roosters ikhula ibe ngu-6 kg, izinkukhu ezimbalwa zamakhilogremu zilula. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni iyashesha kahle, inikeze amaqanda ayi-120 ngegobolondo elinsundu kanye ne-yolk ekhanyayo ngonyaka.
Uma ekuqaleni izinkukhu zaseKokhinkhin zazimnyama kakhulu futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namuhla kukhuliswa izinyoni ezimhlophe nezihle emapulazini. Izinkukhu zenyama noma zohlobo lweqanda-zikhethi zikhetha, zizolile, futhi zihlangana nenye inyoni. Kodwa-ke, abalimi bezinkukhu kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo azigcini ngokweqile, uma kungenjalo bazohlangabezana nokukhuluphala.
Hens Kuchinsky Isikhumbuzo
Ukuzalanisa izinkukhu ezifuywayo, abafuyi be-Kuchinsky Jubilee basebenzise abamele izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nenyama. Umphumela waba yinyoni ekhiqizwa kahle amaqanda nokukhiqizwa okuhle kwenyama. Izikhukhukazi zangempela ziphenduke unkulunkulu wabanini bamapulazi amancane azimele namapulazi akhula izinkukhu zezidingo zomuntu. Okomzuzwana, izinkukhu ezibeka uKuchin zinika amaqanda angama-240, futhi abantu abadala bakhula babe ngama-3-4 kg wesisindo bukhoma.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhwalithi yenyama evela kuhlobo lwe-Kuchinskaya Yubileynaya ingcono kunenkukhu yezinkukhu ezingama-broiler ezikhuthele. Le nyoni ayinasisekelo, ibekezelela kalula ukushisa nobusika obubandayo, ayikhethi uma ukhetha ukudla futhi iseshesha.
Isici esibonakalayo salokhu kuzalaniswa kwezinkukhu ngukuhluka kwemibala yabesilisa nabesifazane, ngakho-ke ungahlukanisa kalula umhlambi lapho uneminyaka engama-24.
Izinkukhu ezincane ezibomvu ezibomvu-ezimhlophe
Phakathi kokuzalelwa kwezinkukhu zenyama nokubekwa kweqanda-inyama kukhona zombili imidondoshiya yazo nemifudlana. Abafuyi abathola izinkukhu ezibomvu ezinomsila e-UK basebenzise ukuguquka kwemvelo, okubonakaliswa ukuthi imilenze yezinyoni imfushane kakhulu kunokhokho babo. Izinkukhu ezikhethekile zezinyoka neqanda azidluli ngesisindo esingu-1,7 kg futhi zikhiqiza amaqanda ayi-brown ansundu ngonyaka.
Izinkukhu zenyama encane zithandwa kakhulu eYurophu. Badla okuphakelayo okuncane, okuthinta kahle izindleko zemikhiqizo yenyama neyamaqanda, kanye nokuzithoba futhi kulula ukukugcina. Namuhla, ngaphandle kombala obomvu obomdabu, ungabona izinyoni ezigqoke izimpaphe ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, izimpunga ezimnyama, ezinombala we-calico nemomotheka.
Ngaphakathi kuzalo, izinkukhu zenyama encane azizalwanga, kodwa zisetshenziselwa ukuthola iziphambano ezikhula ngokushesha ezigcina imikhuba yabazali. Badla okuncane futhi bathola isisindo ngenkuthalo.
Inkukhu Faverol
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lweFaverolles selusakazekele eFrance kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Le nyoni yathola udumo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni nekhwalithi yenyama emangalisayo. Izici ezinhle kakhulu zabathengi zenkukhu zisaziswa. Izinkukhu zenyama nohlobo lweqanda kukhula ngesilinganiso esinokufisa, kufinyelela ku-3-4 kg wesisindo bukhoma, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zinike amaqanda ansundu angama-180 anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-60.
Ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwenyama, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zale ndlela, i-Faverol hens ihlukaniswa ngumthambo omncane. Bazivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sonyaka, bezolile, kepha bangathola amafutha ngokweqile.
Izinkukhu Maran
Ama-hens amaqanda ama-French-hens Maran akajwayelekile kakhulu kubalimi bezinkukhu baseRussia, futhi eYurophu lezi zinyoni zidumile ngenxa yesilinganiso sazo sokukhula okuphezulu, imibala emangalisa yeplamu, ukukhanya, amaqanda acishe abe ushokoledi nekhwalithi yenyama ehle.
Izinyoni ezindala zikhulu ngokwanele. Iqhude lingaba nesisindo esingafika ku-4, nenkukhu efinyelela kumakhilogremu amathathu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubeka izinkukhu kunika etafuleni kuze kube likhulu kakhulu, linesisindo esingama-80 amagremu amaqanda ngonyaka. Ubunye bokuzala kwezinkukhu ngumbala wazo. Izinga lokuzalela lihlinzeka ukuthi izinyoni zingaba nemhlophe, emnyama, ukolweni, ikhukhamba noma i-motley, nenqwaba yegolide ikhukhamba.
Ukuzala kwezinkukhu
Izinyoni ezinhle zesiliva ezinokuziphatha okuhle kweqanda nenyama zazizalwe eningizimu yeRussia. Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lwe-Adler lunombala wesiliva waseColombia futhi luqala ukushesha lusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala. Ngonyaka, ukubeka izinkukhu kunika kusuka kumaqanda angama-170 kuya kwangama-200. Izinkukhu ezakhelwe inyama, vele, ziphansi kunokwejwayelekile inyama yezinkukhu, kodwa futhi zinesisindo. Iqhude likhula lifinyelela ku-4 kg, bese inkukhu ikhula ibe ngu-2.8 kg wesisindo bukhoma.
Ukukhiqizwa okuhle kweqanda ekubekeni kwezinkukhu ze-Adler zohlobo lwezinkukhu kugcinwa iminyaka emi-3-4, okuvumela ukungaguquki umhlambi ukuqoqa inani elikhulu lamaqanda adliwayo wokudla minyaka yonke.
Inkukhu yenkukhu
Izinkukhu ezimnyama ze-Black-motley Pushkin azisitholanga isikhathi eside kangako isimo sokuzalwa, kepha sezithole inhlonipho eqotho kubalimi bezinkukhu. Abanye baze babize lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zenyama neqanda njengezihamba phambili ngamapulazi. Futhi kunazo zonke izizathu zombono onjalo. Okokuqala, izinkukhu zalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu-neqanda zihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela, kanye nokwazisa ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nezimo ezinzima kakhulu.
Ziyakwazi ukuzithoba, zithola kahle ifolidi ekudwedeni kwazo, zivuthwe kusenesikhathi futhi ziqhelelene nesizinda sangaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu.
I-Roosters inesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg, inkukhu ngekhilogremu ngayinye ilula. Okomnyaka, isikhukhukazi esidlekayo singaletha amaqanda angama-220 ngo-ukhilimu okhanyayo noma igobolondo elimhlophe. Amashumi alokhu kuzalanisa ahlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi ngesisindo esilinganiselwe anika isidumbu esikhangayo esondlekile.
Izinkukhu Amrox
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lwaseMelika oludala lwezinkukhu i-Amrox lunombala "we-cockoo" wesimo, futhi ngokwejwayelekile, izimpaphe ngamunye kufanele aqede ngomucu omnyama. Ngenxa yamamaki amakhulu amnyama ku-plumage, izinsikazi zibonakala zimnyama kunabesilisa.
Njengoba sekuvele eYurophu, izinkukhu zohlobo lwenyama neqanda ziye zazakhela njengezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu zokulala, zinika amaqanda angama-220 ngonyaka, kanye nezinyoni zenyama ezinhle. Iqhude elidala likhula lifike kumakhilogremu ayi-4,5; inkukhu ngekhilogremu ngalinye ilula. Izinkukhu ze-Amrox zinesimo esizolile, zijwayele ngokushesha ezimeni ezintsha zokuboshwa futhi zikhule kahle.
Hens Holosheyny
Izinhlobo zasendulo ezivela eRomania ekuqaleni zazibizwa ngeTransylvanian Golosheynoy. Kepha ngemuva kokuthuthuka kokufakwa kwegazi elisha, inkomba yemvelaphi yanyamalala, kanye nezintokazi zomlomo wesibeletho zasakazeka emhlabeni jikelele.
Igama lale nyoni lalibangelwa ukungabikho ngokuphelele entanyeni kwanoma yikuphi ukulandela iplamu. Ekuphumuleni komzimba, izimpaphe nazo zikhula ngokungalingani, futhi ezinye izingxenye zomzimba ziveziwe, njengentamo yezinyoni. Ngokubukeka okunjalo kwasekuqaleni, izinkukhu zentamo ye-hen ziyizinhlobonhlobo zenyama neqanda ezihlala zinikeza amaqanda angama-150-180 ngonyaka futhi zikhula zize zibe ngama-3.5 kg ngesisindo.
Izikhukhukazi ezimnyama zaseMoscow
Uhlobo lwezinkukhu ezifuywayo zaseMoscow ezimnyama kungokwokukhiqizwa kwenyama futhi lujabulela uthando olufanele kahle lwabanikazi bamapulazi amancane neziza zasekhaya. Izici ezimayelana nalolo hlobo lokuzalela zifaka ukungabekezeleleki ekukhetheni okuphakelayo, amathuba okugcina ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu, ukumelana nezifo ezijwayelekile zezinkukhu, kanye nenyama ehloniphekile nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Kakade lapho sezinezinyanga ezine ubudala, izikhukhukazi ezimnyama zaseMoscow ziqala ukukopela futhi phakathi nonyaka zinika amaqanda angama-250 ansundu noma okhilimu. Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kugcinwa ebusika.
Ama-cocks amadala nezinyamazane azondlekile kahle njengezihlobo zenyama yazo, kepha uma izinkukhu zikhombisa izinkomba ezinhle. Isisindo bukhoma seqhude lishiya ama-3.5 kg, inkukhu ama-2,5 kg.
