Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angadlula ngaphansi kwesiza ngasinye, abe yiqoqo elincane noma i-rivulet yonke, futhi sizokhulisa isivande ngokuthobeka futhi singalokothi sazi ngabo. Kepha lokhu kuphela uma beqamba amanga ngokujulile. Yini umuntu ongayisebenzisa engadini engayenza, lapho amanzi asemhlabathini asondela kuyo uqobo lwenhlabathi, angakwazi ukubeka phansi izandla zawo futhi ashiye nje isiza? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi sinquma kanjani ngokunemba kakhulu ukuba khona kanye nezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ini nokuthi kanjani ukutshala esizeni esinjalo.
Isakhiwo esikhulu samanzi aphansiYini amanzi omhlaba?
Ngokwemvelo yayo, amanzi asemhlabeni angamanzi ajwayelekile anqwabelana ngezinye izikhathi ezingxenyeni ezijulile zomhlaba futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezingasho lutho. Kungaba ukuhamba noma ukuma (okungukuthi, kungashukumi, ngendlela yechibi elincane elingaphansi kwesayithi lakho). Ifomu, okungukuthi, dala izihlambi zamanzi ezinjalo, futhi ngesinye isikhathi inani elikhulu leqhwa. Kubonakala kuwe ukuthi umswakama usungenile futhi usuhambile, kodwa empeleni uyakwazi ukuqoqa emhlabathini, ukhule ngesizini ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokho okubizwa nge- “vaporizer condensate” nakho kwakha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, wona ngokwawo owakhiwe enhlabathini futhi, maye, asikwazi ukuthonya ukwakheka kwawo.
Vele, okokuqala, ukujula kwendawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuya ngesimo sendawo yakho, kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwemifula nemifudlana, okungukuthi, izidumbu zamanzi eduze kwendlu yakho ehlobo noma ekhaya. Lapho inhlabathi inomswakama noma ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, amanzi asemhlabathini cishe ahlala enhlabathini, kuvame ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ukusuka ebusweni futhi kuyaqabukela kwehle ngaphansi kwemitha eyodwa.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingashiyana kakhulu phakathi nonyaka ofanayo. Imvamisa, leli zinga lifinyelela amanani alo aphansi ebusika, lapho inhlabathi iqina ngokuphelele futhi ingatholakali ekungeneni kwamanzi. Entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukuqubuka kweqhwa elinzima, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba liyakhuphuka, ngoba inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi ligcwele ngokweqile umswakama, futhi umswakama ngenani elikhulu kangako usebenza njengomthombo wokugcwala kwamanzi komhlaba.
Ngokuvamile kubhekwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - phezulu, okungukuthi, lawo manzi angaphansi komhlaba endawo futhi angacindezelwa, okungukuthi, amanzi angaphandle angaphandle.
Owokuqala uvame ukujula ekujuleni kwesigamu semitha kuya kumamitha amathathu futhi ungabekwa ezindaweni, uvame ukubonakala ngokudabukisayo noma phakathi kwezingqimba zenhlabathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesomiso, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwehlobo noma iqhwa kakhulu ebusika, amanzi aphezulu anganyamalala kancane noma ngokuphelele. Ngokwemvelo, lapho nje izimvula zibuye futhi, noma iqhwa lincibilike, okungukuthi, umswakama enhlabathini ukhuphuka, amanzi aphezulu abuyela endaweni yakhe yangaphambili.
Uma ukutholakala kwamanzi kutholakala, khona-ke kuvela ukuthi kuvamisile ukuba khona okusha ngamaminerali futhi kungaba ubuthi ezitshalweni.
Inketho yesibili ingamanzi angenayo ingcindezi, angalala ekujuleni kwamamitha elilodwa kuya kwezinhlanu futhi imvamisa le yinto engapheli, lapho umlimi engaphunyuki khona. Yilawa manzi anika abalimi insiza enkulu eyenzekayo, ngoba igcwaliswa kabusha ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa, imvula, uma kwenzeka kunechibi, umfula, i-rivulet noma ngisho nomfula oseduze (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla). Bangakwazi ukondla amanzi angenayo ingcindezi kanye nemithombo yobuciko, kanye ne-condensate, nathi esabhala ngayo.
Indawo ejwayelekile kakhulu yasolwandleUngalinquma kanjani izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esizeni sakho?
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha kahle isikhathi esifanelekile ukunquma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusayithi. Kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba afinyelela isilinganiso sawo.
Kungenzeka ukunquma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokubuka, kwanele ukuya emthonjeni oseduze ubheke ngaphakathi, uma womile, kusho ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile futhi akukho bungozi, ungawitshala, futhi uma umthombo ugcwele amanzi, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kuqwashise. Imvamisa, amanzi emthonjeni angavela emthonjeni ongaphansi komhlaba. Ibanga ukusuka esibukweni samanzi ukuya ngaphezu kwenhlabathi linganqunywa ngokunciphisa isilinganiso setheyiphu noma i-twine lapho.
Enye indlela yokunquma izinga lokutholakala kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba yizitshalo ezikhula kulesi siza. Masithi isiza some ngokuphelele ngokubukeka, kepha uma simbozwe ngotshani obomile obunamathela umswakama futhi lukhula ngokuthokomele futhi ngokunethezekile, kusho ukuthi cishe amanzi omhlaba ahlala endaweni ethile eduze kwendawo.
Isibonelo, kufanele uxwayiswe ngokukhula esizeni nettle, sedge, hemlock, imihlanga, digitalis nezitshalo ezifanayo. Kulokhu, ukutholakala okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuzolingana namamitha amabili (kepha lokhu kusesimweni esihle kakhulu).
Uma kusayithi "spikes" umhlonyane noma licorice, lapho-ke ungaphefumula ngokuthula: kungenzeka kakhulu, kuze kufinyelele kumamitha amathathu emanzini asemhlabathini, futhi kulesi siza ungatshala noma yini, kahle, ngaphandle kokubanga ama-walnut namantongomane ama-Manchurian.
Ungakubona ukuma okuiseduze kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kanye nombala wezitshalo ezikhula kule ndawo, lapho ziyoba njengotshani obuluhlaza futhi ogqamile, ngaphandle kokusikisela okuncane kokuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini.
Ama-midges ahlukene azosiza ekuboneni izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kule ndawo: uma ama-midges eshwibeka futhi egobeka endaweni efanayo nsuku zonke, khona-ke amanzi asondele kakhulu. Ngisho namakati, lapho edinga, ngokuvamile akhetha ukuhlangana kwemithambo yamanzi, kodwa izinja, kunalokho, zibekwa ezindaweni zokuphumula ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphakeme kakhulu wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma amanzi asemhlabathini eseduze, khona-ke kule ndawo ngeke ubone igquma lentuthwane, imvukuzane noma umgodi wegundane.
Naka isiza kusihlwa, uma inkungu isakazeka ngaphezulu kwayo, khona-ke amanzi asemhlabathini asondele ebusweni ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi amamitha amabili kuleli cala azoba umkhawulo. Futhi, ezindaweni ezinamanzi asondelene komhlaba, amazolo aqongelela phezulu ngenkuthalo nangesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu.
Vele, uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi indawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubambe umgodi noma ugaye umthombo. Okokugcina kubiza imali, kepha-ke akudingeki uchithe isikhathi somuntu siqu namandla okumba umgodi ojulile kakhulu. I-drill ngokuqinisekile izokutshela, kuze kufike amasentimitha, izinga lendawo yasemhlabeni komhlaba. Futhi-ke ungabheka umthombo osele: uma ungagcwalisi ngamanzi, khona-ke konke kuhamba kahle.
Kubalulekile! Iningi alinandaba nokuhlola izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, futhi abalimi abaningi abanaki ukuphathwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho naphezulu kungonakalisa zonke izithelo zamatshe, kugcina intamo yomswakama izinyanga eziningana. Lokhu kuzokwanela ukuphefumula, izihlahla zishabalale.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala izitshalo enhlabathini enezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi, khona-ke tshala izihlahla nezitshalo zezitshalo ezihlanganiswe ngokuqondile kwiziphunzi zezimila ezincane, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande luseduze kobuso bomhlaba futhi ngisho nemitha eyodwa yomhlaba owomile kungenzeka yanele.
Kepha ngokufanayo, ngaphambi kokubeka ingadi yezitshalo zamapome ezisekelweni ezishonile nasezihlahleni, emhlabathini onamanzi aphakeme asemhlabathini, izindlela eziningana kufanele zithathwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi utshale izitshalo ezingxenyeni engezansi yomthambeka, empeleni, leli yiphuzu lokubamba: kuhlala kunomswakama owedlulele; musa ukutshala izitshalo emithambekeni engafakwanga izithiyo zokugeleza kwamanzi, ungasinaki isiluleko sabathengisi bembewu abancoma ukuthenga izitshalo emifudlaneni nasebantwini abakhulu.
Ukwenza ngcono inhlabathi - ukwakha ichibi lamanzi
Uma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusayithi lakho liwele umaki wamamitha noma ingxenye yenhlabathi imane iyamamatheka, ungasakhela isisekelo sokuphuma komswakama ngokweqile - ichibi lamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha ama-grooves kusuka kusayithi, uwamboze ngesimbozo sepulasitiki futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi ehla ezansi ngemikhondo endaweni eyodwa ekhethwe ngaphambilini, kufanele abe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Bese kuba nethuba lokuthi kancane kancane amanzi asemhlabathini ashiye isiza sakho, akhe angabe esakhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba, kodwa echibini elingaphandle noma ixhaphozi. Ngokuzayo, ingaphezulu lesithokomali sesikhathi esizayo lizokukhipha amanzi enhlabathini ngenxa yokuhwamuka okusebenzayo komswakama osuka esibukweni sawo, okusho ukuthi lapho kukhulu indawo okuyo endaweni, ingxenye engaphezulu yesayithi ungayenza ibe ngejwayelekile.
Kubalulekile! Ukugeleza kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakala engxenyeni ephansi yendawo futhi kungaphazamisi omakhelwane.
Ukusakazeka kwamanzi ngaphezulu kwesiza esinamanzi amaningi komhlabaSihlomisa iziteshi zokudonsa engadini esizayo
Iziteshi zamanzi zidinga inethiwekhi ephelele, kufanele zizungeze isayithi ngokwangempela, ungaphosa ngisho namabhuloho kulezi ziteshi futhi uhambise zona endaweni enkulu, ezokhelwa kancane kancane.
Ngaphambi kokwakha iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi, udinga ukuthola ukuthi isiza sakho sincika kuphi. Ngemuva kokunquma, zama ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi iziteshi ziqondiswa ngqo endaweni eyehlelayo. Ngemuva kokuzimba, qiniseka ukuthi uzikhipha zonke ngefilimu epulasitiki eminyene, izovikela iziteshi ekuqothuleni ngokweqile. Ekugcineni, zonke iziteshi kufanele zihlangane endaweni eyodwa, zenze into enjengechibi, elizosebenza njenge-evaporator yomswakama obedlulele. Kuyo kuzokwazi ukukha amanzi okunisela.
Kubalulekile! Ukujula kweziteshi ozigaye akumele kube ngaphansi kokujula lapho umhlabathi uvame ukujikeleza esifundeni sakho, ngokwesibonelo, maphakathi neRussia, inhlabathi ingqabela kufinyelela kumitha elilodwa.
Esimweni lapho kungenzeki khona ukwakha ichibi lokudonsa, bese wenza okungenani umgodi wokudonswa kwamanzi, futhi uqondise zonke iziteshi ezivela esizeni zingene kuwo. Kepha kulokhu, kuzofanele usebenzise ipompo, okuzohlale kunesikhathi lapho likhipha amanzi esizeni, likhipha umthombo.
Ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
Inhlabathi enamanzi asondelene nomhlaba, futhi ikakhulukazi inhlabathi yemashi, imbi kakhulu, futhi uma ukwazi ukuyomisa, kusazodingeka ukuthi uyithuthukise ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ezikulesi siza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi kumele ihlolwe i-pH: kungenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi endaweni ibonakala nge-acidity ephezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ebusika kuzodingeka ukuthi ungeze kusuka kuma-300 kuye kwangama-400 g we-lime ngemitha yesikwele noma inani elilinganayo lekhiyara, ukumba ngokucophelela konke, bese ulinganisa futhi izinga le-pH entwasahlobo, bese wenze lokhu kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ingathathi hlangothi.
Okulandelayo, ngokweqiniso, ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ekhona, udinga ukugcwalisa inhlabathi engenisiwe. Ngakho-ke, uzovuselela indawo futhi wandise ukuzala kwayo.
Ngokulandelayo, isiza sidinga ukumba ngokuxuba inhlabathi bese sinezela ufulawa we-dolomite ngenani lama-300 g ngamamitha skwele emhlaba. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo (uma ukutshala kusentwasahlobo, khona-ke ukufafaza ekwindla sekuphelele), udinga ukwenza u-250-300 g we-ash ash lokhuni ngemitha yesikwere, ibhakede le-humus nethisipuni enesixha se-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (konke lokhu ukumba , noma ngabe kufanele uphinde umgaye isiza).
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo escebeni esinamanzi amaningi aphansi
Kufanele sisho ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi akufanele uncike kuphela enhlabathini engenisiwe. Yebo, izokhulisa isiza futhi iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi zizothuthukisa nesimo senhlabathi ejwayelekile, kepha-ke, ukuze kukhule ngokuphelele izihlahla zezithelo (ama-berry bush angatshalwa ngokuphepha), lokhu kungenzeka kungakwanele.
Kulokhu, ukutshala zombili izithelo zezithelo zamatshe nezamatshe akumele zenziwe hhayi ngemikhuba yendabuko futhi eyaziwa yithi sonke, kepha ngezindunduma ezithuthukisiwe, ezingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha, ngokuya ngesitoko lapho imbewu ihlanganiswe khona: indawo emfishane isho ukuphakama kwesixhaxha kufanele ilingane nemitha eyodwa, ibanga elisezingeni eliphakeme - okusho ukuthi isigamu semitha sanele.
Kepha awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokujuliswa, ngoba uhlelo lwempande yesithombo luzolungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa ungqimba lomhlabathi ube ngamaphesenti amasentimitha amathathu, futhi ububanzi obungama-35-40% ngaphezu kwenani lohlelo lwezimpande.
Kungokoqobo kulokhu kudangala okudingeka uthele indunduma yenhlabathi, njengoba inempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Iphelele uma izoba nenhlabathi entsha, umquba ojikelezwe kahle noma umquba, kanye no-200 g we-ash ash lokhuni kanye nezipuni ze-potassium sulfate.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, isithombo kudingeka sitshale kulendunduma, siyenze ijule ngokwanele ukuhlalisa isistimu yezimpande ukuze izimpande zingahambeki zisuka endundumeni eya ohlangothini oluhlukile.
Imithetho yokutshala, yona efanayo esekhondweni, efanayo kule fossa yokufika - udinga ukuya endaweni lapho izimpande zingena esiqwini, okungukuthi, endaweni yentamo yezimpande. Le ntambo eyimpande kakhulu ayifanelanga ijule kakhulu: ezitshalweni zezithelo zamatshe kufanele inamathele ngaphezu kuka-2-3 cm ukuphakama, njengokuthi ikhuphuka ngaphezulu kwayo, ezihlahleni zembewu ingakwazi “ukusunduzelwa” amasentimitha ambalwa ukuphakama. Iqiniso ukuthi lapho ukhulisa umsuka wezimpande zezitshalo zikaphayini, kuba nesibalo esikhulu ekukhuleni futhi isikhathi sokuqhakaza siqala kamuva kakhulu, ezitshalweni zezithelo zamatshe, ukujula kwentamo yomsuka kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwawo ukubola, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi iswakanyiswa ngokwengxenye esikhathini esizayo - inept and frequent ngokunisela noma imvula, khona-ke umuthi uyogcina ufe.
Ukubeka isiteshi sokudonsa amanzi engxenyeni enamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlabaYilokho kuphela engangifuna ukukusho ngamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ukuthi unganquma kanjani izinga labo esizeni nokuthi yini futhi ungatshala kanjani. Uma unemibuzo noma ufuna ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakho lomuntu lokutshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezinjalo, bese ubhala ngakho kumazwana.
