Uma izifo zangaphambili zama fungal zamagilebhisi bezingakhunjuzwa kaningi ngokwazo, manje le nkinga iya ngokuya ibaluleke kakhulu. Okunye obekuvame kakhulu kwaba yisifo samagilebhisi i-oidium, esithinta inani elandayo lezitshalo kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kwabasebenza newayini.
Yini i-oidium?
I-Oidium yisifo esijwayelekile kunazo zonke fungal, esinamanye amagama - i-ashtray noma i-powdery hlobo. I-pathogen yayo iphila kuphela ezicutshini eziphila neziluhlaza. I-Powdery mildew yenza amajikijolo wamagilebhisi angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa futhi ekhiqizweni kwewayini kuwo.
Ubhubhane olukhulu kakhulu lwe-oidium lwenzeka ngemuva kweqhwa lasebusika (izinga lokushisa akufanele lihle ngaphansi -30 ° C). Izifo ezinamaphaphu ziqhubeka ngaphansi kwesikali wamehlo, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku + 18 ° C ... + 25 ° C, ziqala ukuqhuma. Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokhunta kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Kodwa izimvula zinganciphisa kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ziyeke ukusakazeka kwayo.
Ukuze sinciphise amathuba okutheleleka ngamagilebhisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo ezinamandla okumelana nalesi sifo, susa amahlumela ngokweqile, usike izingxenye zezifo ezinezifo futhi uzishise. Ungasebenzisi umanyolo nge-nitrogen engaphezulu.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-oidium, ezivezwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, ziyehlukile.
Entwasahlobo, kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphuzi amahlumela amasha namaqabunga ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe emhlophe, efana nefulawa.
- Emaphethelweni amaqabunga ayomile futhi agoba.
- Ngaphansi kwengubo emhlophe emabhulashini ansundu amabala ansundu aqala ukuvela. Uma uzama ukusula i-plaque, khona-ke iphunga lezinhlanzi ezibolile liyavela.
- Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, ukukhula kwamahlumela kuphazamiseka, izicubu zazo ziqale ukufa.
Ehlobo, lezi zimpawu zihlukile kancane:
- Izimbali namaqoqo amasha ayoma, futhi amaqabunga ekhakhayini aba ntekenteke.
- Njengoba bekhula, amajikijolo amancane ambozwa izindawo ezimnyama, futhi kamuva kuvela iphethini phezu kwawo bese iyahlolwa.
- Amajikijolo aqala ukuqhekeka futhi abole. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuzo kungaqhubeka kuze kuvunwe.
Ukuvimbela Izifo nokulawula
Uma i-powdery mildew yatholakala kumagilebhisi - ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nayo iba yinkinga ephuthumayo kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuqeda lesi sifo sokukhunta.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo wesibabule nesibabule
Njengoba isesimweni sokuhlakazeka, isibabule sidonswa ngempumelelo yisikhunta, lapho siguqukela ku-hydrogen sulfide, esiyibulalayo. Isalfure iphathwa kangcono ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ngoba ngokushisa okuthe xaxa, ukushisa kungenzeka kumaqabunga nezithelo. Ukucutshungulwa kuyaphindwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-20. Ukuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchithe ama-25-40 amagremu wesibabule kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kanye nokwelashwa amagremu angama-80-100.
Ngaphambi kokufafaza amagilebhisi, umuntu kufanele abheke ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesibabule kuyasebenza kuphela ekushiseni komoya okungaphezu kuka + 20 ° ะก, emazingeni okushisa aphansi awasebenzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngezansi, khona-ke kufanele liphathwe nge-colloidal sulfure noma elinye lamalungiselelo wesibabule.
Izidakamizwa zokuxhumana nezesistimu
Ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo se-potassium permanganate sisetshenziselwa ukubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ukwelashwa, amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa afanele kakhulu.
Izindlela zemvelo zokulwa ne-oidium
Izindlela ezitholakala kakhulu kuzo zonke izindlela ukulungisa i-micrizora ye-saprophytic egxilile kusuka ku-humus entwasahlobo. Kwenziwa ngalendlela elandelayo: ingxenye yesithathu yamalitha alikhulu ihlanganiswa nge-humus futhi ithululelwe ngamanzi afudumele ku-25 ° C, bese imbozwe nge-burlap futhi ilinde izinsuku eziyi-6 ekushiseni, ivuse njalo.
Hlikihla into ephumayo nge-cheesecloth bese uyithululela ku-sprayer. Ngesikhathi se-prophylaxis, ifafazwa emacembe angamagilebhisi asanda kuqhakaza. Isenzo sincike ekungeneni kwe-microflora ngaphansi kwesikali sezinso nokuxhumana kwayo nama-fungal spores, okuyisakhi sayo. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngosuku olunamafu noma kusihlwa.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, kanti futhi okunye - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngokukhula okuthelelekile kokutheleleka, ekugcineni kokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukucubungula lesi sitshalo amahlandla amaningi ngokuphumula kwesonto.
Izindlela zabantu zokuvikela
- Emini, faka isigamu sebhakede lomlotha kumalitha ayisikhombisa amanzi. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 bese ufaka amagremu ayi-10 enensipho eluhlaza. Ngokuntuleka kwesikhathi, umlotha ungabiliswa imizuzu engama-20.
- Thela utshani kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 3 ngotshani noma umquba omusha. Faka izinsuku ezintathu. Cwilisa izingxenye ezintathu zamanzi bese uphatha kusihlwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
