Lesi sitshalo se-Centaurium herbaceous siyilungu lomndeni wase gentian. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-20. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abamele lolu hlobo bangahlangatshezwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo ne-Eurasia, Australia, kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ensimini yaseRussia, isitshalo esinjalo saziwa ngokuthi i-spool, yarrow, i-Centaury, utshani kanye nenhliziyo. Ukwakheka kwe-centaury kuqukethe izinto zokwelapha, ngenxa yalokhu kubhekwa njengesitshalo sokwelapha.
Izici ze-Centaury
I-Centaury iyi-herb yonyaka noma yaphakade, iziqu zayo zingaba ngamagatsha noma zilula. Izimbobo zamaqabunga ezimboze ngesiga noma ezintekenteke zinkulu ngokuphelele futhi zihlukile. I-inflorescence enemigqa emibili ebunjiwe iqukethe izimbali eziphuzi, ezipinki noma ezimhlophe. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngoJuni noma Agasti. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-bivalve, elinesidleke esisodwa noma ezimbili, futhi imbewu eningi ivuthwa kuzo.
Ngekhulu le-13, kwaziwa ngezici zokuphilisa zalesi sitshalo. Kuze kube manje, amalungiselelo esitshalo esinjalo se-herbaceous ayingxenye yamaqembu emithi yabalawuli abanesifiso sokudla, kanye ne-anthelmintic kanye ne-laxatives ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba "i-centaury herb".
Ungakhula kanjani i-Centaury ngesakhiwo sengadi
Imvamisa, abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezijwayelekile. Ngokutshala kwayo, ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha indawo evulekile nelungiswe kahle, futhi notshani obunjalo bungabuye butshalwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla zomthunzi oyingxenye. I-Centaury ikhula kahle emhlabathini onesihlabathi noma emhlabathini oyinyumba, kanti amanzi asemhlabathini kufanele alale okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200.
Ukuhlwanyela impahla, okumele kuvunwe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 5. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa entwasahlobo lapho kubunjiwe, kudluliselwe emhlabathini futhi oswakanyisiwe kuze kufike ku-0,5 kuya ku-1 cm. Isikhala somugqa singashiyana kusuka kumamitha angu-0,45 kuya ku-0.6. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, ingaphezulu lendawo kumele limbozwe nge-agrofibre noma ifilimu, okuzovumela izithombo ukuthi zivele ngokushesha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezitshalo zokuqala, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe. Ngemuva kokuba sebekhulile kancane, kufanele banqunywe.
Abalimi abaningi bakhulisa isivuno esinjalo ngezithombo, bese besitshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari noma eyokuqala - ngoMashi. Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kwenziwe ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe amasentimitha angama-5- 10.
Ukunakekelwa Kwekhulu
ICentaury idinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo njengezinye izilimo eziningi zasengadini. Ngesomiso isikhathi eside, ama-bush kufanele ayophuziswa, kudingeka futhi aqinisekise ukhula olusezingeni elifanele nokukhulula komhlaba kwenhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa. Futhi uma kunesidingo, ikhulu leminyaka livikela ezinambuzaneni nasezinhlakalweni eziyingozi.
Utshani obunjalo bubonakala ngokukhula kancane, maqondana nalokhu kukhula kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingadedelwa ngotshani bokhula. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, yi-rosette encane enamaqabunga kuphela eyakha ehlathini. Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokwelapha ezinguluhlaza kuqala kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokukhula, kuyilapho abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuhlwanyela lolu tshani iminyaka emi-2 ilandelana, kepha ngenxa yalokhu basebenzisa amasayithi ahlukahlukene. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqoqwe izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha ezivela engadini yokuqala, kuthi elesibili - kusukela esakhiweni sesibili, ngonyaka olandelayo - kuphinde kusuka kokuqala nokunye.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Centaury imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, izinambuzane ezivela ezitshalweni ezikhula eduze zingawela. Uma ehlobo lina kaningi, khona-ke isitshalo esinjalo siyabuna.
Uma kunjalo, uma ehlathini egula, kufanele aphathwe lapho esebenzisa amakhambi kuphela, kuyilapho kunconywa ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali aqukethe izinto eziyingozi ekwakhekeni kwawo, ngoba angakwazi ukuqwabelana otshanini.
Ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwe-centuryaury
Utshani beCentaury bunezinto zokwelapha. Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali, lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba irosette leqabunga lempande liqale ukuphenduka liphuzi. Amahlumela kufanele asikwe ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya kwayi-15 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Utshani buhlanganiswe nezixhaxha ezidinga ukomiswa ngokuzibopha ngaphansi kophahla lwe-attic noma elinye ikamelo, okufanele lipholile, linemithunzi futhi lingene umoya omncane. Ukomisa izinto zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha akufanele kwenziwe ngokukhanya okuqondile, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu utshani buyaphela, futhi ngokuhambisana nesethulo kuphulukana nezinye zezokwelapha. Ukomiswa, izigaxa kudingeka zenziwe ezincane ngokwanele, njengoba ezinkulu zoma isikhathi eside kakhulu. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile zigcinwa emabhokisini amakhadibhodi, esikhwameni sephepha noma esikhwameni sendwangu, bese zigcinwa endaweni epholile, emnyama neyomile, lapho zingagcinwa khona iminyaka engu-1.5-2.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-centaury
I-Centaury ejwayelekile (i-Centaurium erythraea)
Noma ikhulu leminyaka lincane, noma ikhulu lincane liyisambulela, noma ikhulu, noma i-Centauria, noma inkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Lolu hlobo lwaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ukuphakama kwesiqu se-tetrahedral eeme kungahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.5 m. Engxenyeni ephezulu ihlotshisiwe. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, kwakhiwa irosette e-basal ehlathini, enamapuleti amaqabunga e-lanceolate anama-petioles amafushane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amapuleti amaqabunga angenamsoco aphambili angaba nesimo se-oblong-ovate noma se-lanceolate, futhi nemithambo ye-longitudinal. Ama-inflorescence e-thyroid akhiwa ngezimbali ezijulile zepinki. Kubandakanya izinkomishi zenjoloba, amathuna ayi-5, kanye ne-whisk enomlenze ocishe ube isicaba. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Septhemba, kanti ngo-Agasti ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala, okungamabhokisi, kufinyelela kubude bamamilimitha ayi-10. Izithelo ziqukethe imbewu emincane ansundu yesimo esiyindilinga.
ICentauryum enhle (Centaurium pulchellum)
Lolu hlobo lungejwayelekile kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo sonyaka cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, ukwakhiwa kwe-basal rosette akwenzeki emithini. Amapulangwe eqabunga lesiqu atholakala ngokungafanele. Izimbali ezinemibala emihlanu zinombala opinki, futhi zifinyelela ubude bamasentimitha angama-0.8, ukuvulwa kwazo kwenzeka kuphela lapho ilanga linelanga. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izithelo ziyibhokisi, elifinyelela ku-1,9 cm ubude, liqukethe imbewu encane kakhulu yombala onsundu omnyama. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlu lwalubhalwe ku-Red Book of Latvia, kanye nasezifundeni eziningana zaseRussia nase-Ukraine. Ingxenye esemoyeni yesihlahla (amahlamvu, amahlumela nezimbali) isetshenziswa njengengca eluhlaza okwenziwe ngamakhambi.
Izici zesenti yekhulu: ukulimaza nokuhlomula
Izici zokupholisa ze-centaury
Ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokwelapha ezingavuthiwe ze-centaury kufaka ama-alkaloids, uwoyela obalulekile, i-flavone glycosides, i-phytosterols, i-Vitamin C, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-chromium, i-selenium, i-manganese, i-iron, i-resin, i-mucus, i-ascorbic acid kanye ne-organic acid. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa, lesi sitshalo sine-anticancer, antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, tonic, antiarrhythmic and laxative effect. Lo mbiza unconyelwa amanxeba angalapheki, izifo ezivuvukala, ukushuba kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, i-sinusitis engapheli, kanye nokuya esikhathini esibuhlungu, i-toxicosis engxenyeni yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ukopha kwesibeletho kanye nokubuyiselwa kwesibeletho ngemuva kokubeletha.
Ungadliwa
Ukufakwa kwe-centaury herb kusetshenziselwa ukushisa kwenhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa ukugaya, kanye ne-flatulence kanye nezinye izinkinga zokugaya. Ukuyilungisa, udinga ukuhlanganisa amagremu ayi-10 wotshani obomile ne-1 tbsp. amanzi asanda kubiliswa. Lapho ingxube isifakwa, kufanele ihlungwe. Umuthi udakwa kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla kwe-1 tbsp. l
I-decoction izosiza ukususa izibungu. Ukuyipheka, udinga ukuhlanganisa i-1 gramu yomhlonyane ngenani elilinganayo lohlobo lwe-centaury kanye ne-1 tbsp. amanzi asanda kubiliswa. Ingxube ifudunyezwa kubhavu wamanzi. Umhluzi opholile uyahlungwa uphuzwe ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Udinga ukwelashwa okungenani izinsuku eziyi-7.
I-tincture yotshwala yalesi simila ithathwa ukuze kugaywe kahle, isifo sikashukela, ukushisa kwenhliziyo nokuqunjelwa. Ukuyipheka, udinga ukuthatha u-1 tbsp. l utshani obomile, okufanele buchotshozwe bube yisimo esinamakha. Ngemuva kwalokho utshani buhlanganiswa nama-milligram angama-30 wotshwala bezokwelapha. Isitsha kufanele sifakwe emakhishini ngokuqinile futhi sisuswe amasonto ayi-1.5 endaweni emnyama futhi epholile. I-tincture ethosiwe kufanele idakwe emizuzwini engama-30. ngaphambi kokudla, amaconsi angama-20-30, ahlanganiswe namanzi.
Contraindication
Umuthi onjalo wezokwelapha uphulwa kulabo abanokubekezelela ngakunye. Ngeke futhi sisetshenziswe ngabantu abaphethwe yi-gastritis abane-acidity ephezulu kakhulu, isifo sohudo, izilonda ze-duodenal nezilonda zesisu. Uma umuthi uthathwa isikhathi eside kakhulu noma nge-overdose, ubuthi nokugaya ukudla bungakhula. I-Centaury ayinconywa kubantu abanomkhuba wokukhuluphala, ngoba lesi sitshalo sivusa inkanuko.
