Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu azijwayelekile kithi: noma kungaba ukushisa okushisa okufika ku-40 ° C, bese kuba phakathi nesithwathwa sangemuva kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, umhlaba ongavunyiwe uyafutheka (njengesihlabathi solwandle) kuya + 50 ... + 70 ° С. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, inhlabathi eshisayo nomoya oshisayo ushisa konke obekulinywe ngokucophelela ezindaweni ezigcina izithombo futhi kutshalwe engadini. Inkinga edaliwe ingaxazululwa ngokushesha nangendlela eshibhile. Kukhona inqubo enjalo ye-agrotechnical, esetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulu le-17, eyaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yokukhosela yenhlabathi." Ezinsukwini zakudala kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa. Njengamanje, le ndlela iyasetshenziswa, kuphela ngaphansi kwegama elisha - "umhlabathi wokulanywa kwenhlabathi", igama lesiNgisi elithi "mulch", elisho indawo yokukhosela.
Izinhlobo ze-Organic Mulch.
Izinhlobo zokulutha kwenhlabathi
Igobolondo lomhlabathi kusuka ekushiseni okukhulu kakhulu lingaqhutshwa ngezindlela ezi-3:
- i-mulching yendabuko
- i-organic mulching,
- i-mulching engokwemvelo.
I-mulching yendabuko Kusetshenziswa njalo. Lokhu kungukutshala okujwayelekile. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukuthambisa okomile. Ukuvula amandla ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula kugcina ungqimba lomhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo isikhathi eside lumanzi futhi lumanzi, futhi ngenkathi eyomile kunciphisa ukuphuma komswakama kusuka enhlabathini. Ngokukhulula, ukhula luyachithwa, ukuhamba komoya-mpilo enhlabathini kuyanda. Kodwa i-mulching enjalo ine, ngaphezu kokuhle, futhi uhlangothi olubi. Ukuvula okuvame ukubhubhisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, akunikeleli ekwandiseni ukuvunda kwaso.
I-Organic Mulching - Lokhu kukhisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo eziisele ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezithile zezolimo.
I -organic Mulching - lokhu kumboza inhlabathi ngezinto ezenziwe ngamatshe noma ngomkhiqizo wezezimboni.
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-organising mulching
Izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokumboza inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo zasengadini zithathwa njenge-mulch yemvelo. I-organic mulch ifaka yonke imfucuza yezolimo: utshani, umdweshu, utshani obunjiwe, Peat, amagxolo esihlahla ahlanganisiwe, ukugoqwa kwezinkuni, iziqhekeza zokhuni, amaqabunga awile, i-humus, umquba ovuthiwe, izinaliti, imfucumfucu yefilakisi, i-sunflower, izilimo zikakolweni, izigaxa eziwile. I-mulch zigawulwa isigaxa, hay, amaqanda amaqanda aqhekekile, umquba nezinye izinto.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamapulangwe e-mulchingIzici eziwusizo ze-mulching organic
I-organic mulch ivikela inhlabathi ekushiseni ngokweqile (ehlobo) nasekuqandeni (ebusika).
Indlela ezimbozwe nge-mulch ngesimo sezulu esishisayo yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, eliwuvikela ekuhwamukeni ngokweqile komswakama futhi livimbele ukwakheka kokuqhuma ngemuva kokunisela.
Uma inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo imbozwe ungqimba we-mulch ongama-5-7 cm, khona-ke izithombo zokhula (ikakhulukazi ngonyaka) zizokwehla kaningana. Ukhula lwakhula oluhlume nge-mulch (i-quinoa, yarrow, euphorbia) lungagawulwa ezingeni lokuhlwanyelwa, into esemqoka ukuvikela ukuqhuma kwazo nokungeniswa. Ingadi ngokunakekelwa okunjalo, kunjalo, izolahlekelwa ubuhle bayo, kepha izothola impilo.
Ukhula olunqunywe isigamu, izihlahla zamatamatisi, upelepele nesitshalo seqanda kuzokhula ngokushesha, zithole isisindo esidingekayo bese ziqhubeka nokwakheka kwesilimo esizovikeleka ekushisweni yilanga. Kukhona iqembu lokhula olunonya (insimu iboshwe, utshani bukakolweni), ekhula buthule ngaphansi kombala we-mulch. Kepha kukhona abambalwa kubo futhi ungahamba nge-hoe, uphendulela i-mulch emaphaseji.
Ehlobo, i-mulch, ukubola kancane kancane, izothuthukisa inhlabathi ngezakhi kanye nama-humus, okuzoheha ama -organices wegciwane omhlaba kanye nezibungu. Inhlabathi izovuleka, ibe nokuphefumula ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphansi kwe-mulch yesgging, ukufinyela kwengqimba ephezulu ngemvula nokubanika umoya ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya kuzokwehla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch ye-coniferous kungandisa kancane i-acidity yezilimo ezithile (i-sorrel, i-chicory, amazambane, isithombo, utamatisi, izaqathe, ithanga). Ungawucwilisa kancane umhlabathi ngotshani, sawdust wezinhlobo ezinwebekile zepelepele, ama-beet, u-anyanisi, ama-parsnips, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
Muva nje, baqale ukusebenzisa izithombo zezihlahla ezincane ngokukhuphuka okulula okuvela ezinsolweni zikabhekilanga nezilimo zokusanhlamvu. I-mulch enjalo ayisebenzi, idlula ngokukhululekile umoya namanzi, i-multilayer yayo idala amazinga okushisa aphansi, bese ukubola kancane kancane kucebise inhlabathi ngezakhi.
I-organic mulch engafundile ingaba nomthelela omubi emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba lwayo olukhulu kwisimo sezulu esishisayo semvula liyikhaya elihle lezikhunta nezinye izifo fungal kanye namagciwane. I-mulch enkulu (iziqu ezinde zokhula, abhekilanga, izingxenyana zamakhadibhodi) iyikhaya elihlanganayo lesibhakela, i-slugs nezinye izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, khetha i-mulch bese uyisebenzisa ngokucophelela, ucabangela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka kwayo, izilimo.
Ukutshala upelepele ngotshaniIzinto zokwenziwa ngamalching
I-mulch yemvelo ifaka izinto zemvelo - amatshe, amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, kanye nemfucuza evela ezitini nakwezinye izimboni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi ngefilimu ye-polymer, i-agrofibre, i-burlap, udaka olwandisiwe luhlobo lokufakwayo, olwenzelwe ukukhipha ukhula futhi luthuthukise ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ngakho-ke, emasimini we-sitrobheli, amasimu wezimboni wezilimo zemifino, ifilimu emnyama kanye ne-agrofiber asetshenziselwa ukucindezela ukukhula kokhula, ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, ukuvikela inhlabathi ekushiseni ngokweqile, kanye nokungenzeka kokuhlanza imikhiqizo ehlanzekile.
Ukusebenziseka kwe-mulch ye -organic
Indima eyinhloko yokuhlanganiswa kwemvelo yemvelo ihlanganisa inhlabathi ukuze kuvikelwe izitshalo ezitshaliwe ekushiseni okushisa, kulondoloze umswakama enhlabathini futhi kunciphise ukukhula kokhula. I-mulch ye-inorganic isetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukuhlobisa ezingadini zethu nasemakhotheni. Kuhle kakhulu ukubheka imibhede engadini: ngaphakathi kukhona izitshalo ezinempilo eziluhlaza, njengombhede wezimbali, futhi nxazonke kwendlela kukhona amatshe amibalabala, isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, imvuthuluka yezitini ephukile nezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngokwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch ye -organic, njengenqubo ye-agronomic, kuyadingeka. Noma kunjalo, akufanelekile ukuhlukumeza ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Imfashini yamabhokisi izohamba futhi kuzoba nendawo yamatshe amatshe afile esikhundleni somhlabathi ovundile. Ngempela, i-mulch yokufakelwa engakhi ayikhulisi ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kepha ikhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo ngokomzimba.
UMfula iPebble MulchingIzindlela Zokuhlanganisa
Indlela yokufaka mulching inqunywa umgomo wokugcina - ukulawula ukhula, ukongiwa komswakama, okwandisa ukuhlobisa indawo, ukuthola imifino yangaphambilini noma ukunwebisa isikhathi esifudumele.
Ukufafaza nge-mulch
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch organic encane yezitshalo kusiza kakhulu, futhi ngokuya ngemiphumela yayo enhlabathini, kusondele kakhulu ezinqubweni zemvelo ezenzeka ngaphansi kwesiphephe semboza izithombo zezihlahla. I-Peat, humus, sawdust, shavings idlula kalula amanzi futhi ivimbele ukuhwamuka kwawo ngokushesha, ivikele inhlabathi ekushayeni lapho kunesomiso. Ukubola, kunothisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezingaphansi kwe-mulch zidinga amanani aphansi okuphakelwa nokuchelela.
Ukumboza inhlabathi ngezinto zokumboza.
Ifilimu yokulinganisa isebenza kakhulu lapho umboza inhlabathi ngokwengxenye. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka i-mulching kwesikhashana kwe-row-spacings ngefilimu emnyama kukhulisa isivuno samakhukhamba, i-zucchini, i-pepper emnandi, kanye nommbila ngo-20-30%; ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunomthelela ekushiseni kwenhlabathi okusheshayo, okwenza sikwazi ukuthola isivuno sangaphambilini. Izithombo ezincane ezihlanganiswe nefilimu emnyama zimila ngokushesha.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo ngefilimu noma i-agrofibre kusetshenziswa kaningi lapho imikhiqizo ekhula ngesilinganiso sezimboni (amasimu we-sitrobheli, amasimu weklabishi). Ngale mulching, isidingo sesitshalo sezakhi zomzimba kwesinye isikhathi sincishiswa yingxenye yesithathu yemvelo yomanyolo endaweni evulekile. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo ngaphambi kokufaka i-mulching (i-coating) inhlabathi ngefilimu noma nge-agrofibre futhi empeleni ungayondli kamuva noma usebenzise i-foliar top dress.
Izinto zokuhlanganisa kumele zivimbele ukukhanya. Ngaphansi kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukhula luyaqhubeka lukhula ndawonye. Kusetshenziswa izinto zokumboza ezindlini, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ngaphansi kombhede wefilimu nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela inhlabathi iyampofu kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch ye -organic akufanele kunqobele ukusetshenziswa kwe-organic. Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa izinto zokumboza zokwenziwa ngenkathi efudumele futhi uyihlanze ebusika, kuyilapho i-mulch yemvelo ingahlala engadini noma ihlaka, ibole futhi ingeze into e-organic ngesimo se-humus nezinye izinto ezihlanganayo enhlabathini.
Imithetho Yokulinganisa
I-mulching esemqoka yenhlabathi yenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka: ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngamunye wabo uzosebenza ngokulandela imithetho edingekayo.
I-Autumn mulching yenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa okugcwele. Cishe ekuqaleni nokuphakathi kuka-Okthoba, lapho ama-microorganisms esasebenza ngokuqinile, futhi ukhula luphelile noma lushiyelwa ebusika.
Engadini kanye nejikijolo, njenge-mulch ekwindla, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto ezilukhuni nezomile: amagxolo, ukubekeka, amantongomane, i-peat. Isakhiwo sengadi sifakwe umquba, umquba, udoti wamaqabunga nezinye izinto ezithambile.
Ngaphambi kokufaka mulching, lungisa inhlabathi:
- susa iziqongo ezomile, izinsalela zokhula, izingxenye zamagatsha asikiwe;
- ukufaka umquba;
- avale enhlabathini ngokumba noma ukukhulula umphezulu.
Inhlabathi eyomile kumele iniselwe bese ulindela ukufakwa okugcwele kwamanzi okunisela. Inhlabathi eyomileyo, ikakhulukazi esivandeni kanye nezimbali, ayikwazi ukufakwa, ngoba umswakama ngeke uhlale ufinyelela izimpande ngobuningi obanele.
I-mulching ye-Autumn yenziwa ngesendlalelo esingu-5-8, ngesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-15 cm. I-mulch ayinyathelwa.
Izindawo ezinomthunzi engadini nasensimini ye-mulch ingaphezu kongqimba oluncane kunelilodwa elivulekile elangeni.
Lapho izilimo zasebusika mulching (ugalikhi), shiya igebe phakathi kwezitshalo eziningi mulch. Imibuthano ye-Trunk ishiywe ingenakulayishwa emalangeni engadini. Indawo ye-mulching ifaka umbuthano ngokuya ngobubanzi besiqhele.
Ukuhlanganisa ukhukhamba ngezinto zokumboza.
I-mulching yasentwasahlobo yenziwa ngemuva kokufudumeza inhlabathi engxenyeni eyakhiwe izimpande ngaphakathi + 12 ... + 14 ° С. Ukuchelela inhlabathi ebandayo (ngokutshala kuqala izaqathi, ukutshala izithombo zeklabishi yokuqala) kuzothuthukisa ukufudumala kwenhlabathi futhi kungaholela ekuxhumaneni kwengqimba ephezulu, okuyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni zokuqala.
- Ngenkathi yezitshalo ekhulayo, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufakwa kwe-mulching kungemuva kokunisela noma okunye ukulima (ukukhulula, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukufafaza).
- Uma izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical zifaka ukumba, khona-ke i-mulch yasehlobo, kanye nodoti wasekwindla, ukhula, iziqongo ezinempilo, zitshalwa emhlabathini.
- Uma ingadi itshalwa ngaphandle kokumba bese i-mulch ihlala emibhedeni, khona-ke entwasahlobo, ukuze ifudumale inhlabathi, idluliselwa okwesikhashana eceleni, bese ibuyiselwa.
- Uma inhlabathi engaphansi kohlaka lwe-mulch ingabandeli, khona-ke entwasahlobo ayithintwanga, futhi ukutshala nokuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngqo kungqimba yesigaxa sembozo sokuvuthwa esisikiwe. Ngemuva kwako konke ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi iphinda ibanjiswe, bese kwakha phakathi ehlobo ungqimba olandelayo wento ebunjiwe eyenziwe ngomumo. Umhlabathi ucebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ukuzala kwawo kuyakhula, futhi izingqimba zikakhula zivimbe ukhula, zibangele ukufa kwazo.
- Lapho mulching inhlabathi, ukhula oluhlume ngokusebenzisa mulch akuvunyelwe ukuba imbewu, usike eziqongweni nge inflorescence. Kodwa noma ngabe imbewu iwela ku-mulch, iningi lazo ngeke likwazi ukuhluma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Ukhula luzofa.
Ngakho-ke, indawo isuswa kancane kancane ngokhula. Ngaphansi kwe-mulch, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuzothuthuka, kugcwele ngezinto eziphilayo, izibungu, microflora ezuzisayo. Izitshalo enhlabathini enjalo zihlala zisesimweni esihle.
I-organic mulching.
Amaphutha main lapho mulching
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo, akunakwenzeka ukubeka ungqimba olukhulu lwe-mulch ngesikhathi semvula: izinqubo zokubopha zingaqala.
Awukwazi ukumboza izitshalo ngesendlalelo esiphakeme se-mulch. Izimpande ngeke zibe nomoya-mpilo owanele nokukhanya, lesi sifo sizoqala.
Akusizi ngalutho ukwenamela umhlabathi owomile kwisimo sezulu esinomoya: lo mulch ungathwalwa umoya.
Entwasahlobo, imboza mulch engakhethwanga akufanele ishiywe engadini. Kuzobambezela ukufudumala kwenhlabathi.
Ekwindla, i-mulch isetshenziselwa ukukhipha amanzi noma ekufakweni komugqa wesikhathi esizayo ngenhloso yokuthola umswakama ezifundeni ezinesithwathwa esincane seqhwa nezindawo ezomile.
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama wobusika enhlabathini, lapho nje ungqimba oluphezulu loma bese kuba nethuba lokungena engadini, udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi ku-mulch yakudala, uyikhulule kuze kube ngu-8-10 cm bese uyifaka kabusha ngesendlalelo esivulekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlabathi izoqala ukubumbana bese iba yimbi kakhulu. Lapho ukutshala izilimo ezithanda ukushisa enhlabathini efudumele ngokungafanele ngenkathi isentwasahlobo ibuya isithwathwa, izitshalo zingafa.
