Namuhla, imikhiqizo ye-peat ayisathandwa, ithathelwa indawo ngamacwecwe kakhukhunathi wezithombo. Lo mkhiqizo ungukhukhunathi ocindezelwe osefomini lethebhulethi, ogcwele omanyolo abakhethekile.
Lo mkhiqizo uqukethe ama-70% kakhukhunathi Peat kanye nefayibha, 30% liqukethe kakhukhunathi.
Lezi zibhebhe zisetshenziselwa ukuhluma kwembewu. Baneqhaza ekutsaleni izithombo zokusika ngokushesha, kanye nokutshala. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamacwecwe kakhukhunathi wezithombo, kuvela uhlelo lwezimpande ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Ukuvunwa kokuqala kuqala, njengomthetho, iviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngaphambili kwalezozitshalo lapho kwafakwa khona u-peat noya wamaminerali.
Ukubuyekezwa kwamathebhule kakhukhunathi kakhukhunathi kukhombisa ukuthuthuka kwezakhiwo zomzimba nezokuphilayo zenhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo kakhukhunathi wokutshala izingadi unezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izakhiwo ze-aeration;
- izakhiwo eziqhuba ukushisa;
- izakhiwo zesakhiwo;
- ukugcinwa komswakama;
- ukuntuleka kwamagciwane nokhula;
- ukumelana nokuwohloka ngenxa yokusebenzisa isikhathi eside.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi, udinga ama-40 ml wamanzi afudumele, okumele agcwaliswe ngethebhulethi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, udinga ukulinda isikhashana kuze kube yilapho amanzi egxile ngokuphelele.
Kuyaqabukela ngomphumela ukuthi amaphilisi kakhukhunathi kanye nama-briquette kakhukhunathi anika, uboya bezimbiwa buthengwa izithombo. Kodwa-ke, azinakuqhathaniswa ngokuya ngokusebenza kahle, ngoba kungatholakala ikhambi lesithombo sikakhukhunathi kuphela.
Njengoba izibhebhe zinesakhiwo esine-porous futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zigcwele umoya, ngokungafani ne-peat, azihlali, zithathe umswakama esikhathini esifushane ngaphandle kokwenza uqweqwe ebusweni.
Izinga eliphakeme le-oksijini liyinto ebalulekile enhlabathini, ngoba amandla ezitshalo ancike kuwo. Uma umoya-mpilo unganele, kuvela izakhi ezinobuthi ezingagcini nje ngokulimaza izakhiwo zenhlabathi, kodwa futhi zithinte kabi nezinga lezakhi zomzimba. Ekugcineni, ngokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa kakhulu.
Ngosizo lwama-briquette kakhukhunathi wezithombo kanye namathebulethi, ibhalansi ye-oxygen efanelekile ingu-20%.
Ngamanye amagama, imikhiqizo kakhukhunathi ikuvumela ukuba ukhule izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ngaphandle kokugcwala uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande, ukuhlinzeka ngokulingana kwezakhi zomsoco nomoya-mpilo emhlabathini.
Ukhukhunathi ama-briquette ezithombo kanye nesenzo se-substrate
Njengoba ukubuyekezwa okumayelana namathebhuleki kakhukhunathi wezithombo kuyinto enhle, isigaxa sokhukhunathi naso siyadingeka. Zonke izitshalo ezilungele i-hydroponics zingatshalwa kuleyo substrate enjalo, ngoba empeleni yinto yendawo yonke.
Kungenzeka ukwahlulela ukuthi ngabe kukhona okuzuzayo okuvela kwisigaxa sikakhukhunathi sezithombo ngokwakhiwa kwaso, lapho isakhi esiyinhloko kungukhukhamba kakhukhunathi.
Inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezulu kwamathuluzi athengwa ngezinhloso ezifanayo:
- Okuqukethwe kwezinto eziwusizo kusitshalo;
- Ukulawula isenzo se-antibacterial, esinikeza ukuvikela kohlelo lwempande ezinambuzaneni, kanye nama-pathogen;
- I-coconut substrate ingumkhiqizo wokuzilapha;
- Inikeza ukugcwaliswa kwamahhala nge-oksijini nenani elidingekayo lomswakama.
Ipharamitha ebalulekile ye-substrate yizinga le-acidity, elisukela ku-pH = 5 - 6, 5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mgatshana wokugcotshwa komhlaba ukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwemikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo.
Izinzuzo zokhuni lukakhukhunathi wezithombo
Imvamisa, abalimi bakhetha ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi wezithombo, owenziwe ngemicu emifushane nothuli lukakhukhunathi. Njengoba kufakwa inani elikhulu le-lignin, ukubola kwalesi sakhiwo kuhamba kancane kakhulu.
Ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi uhlala uvulekile, okusho ukuthi akuhlali ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, okungenakushiwo nge-peat.
Lokhu okwenziwa engadini kususa isidingo sedamu. Uhlelo lwe-capillary luthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa ngokulingana ngisho nokuswakama kwenhlabathi.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imicu kakhukhunathi zezithombo zezitshalo ezinjenge-anthurium, azaleas ne-fuchsias. Zingasetshenziswa njengesiqalo somhlabathi esisele, noma njengenye yezingxenye zenhlabathi.
Izinga le-acidity lomkhiqizo we-coconut fiber li-pH 6 futhi liyi-static. Alunayo isikhunta se-pathogenic, ngakho-ke, i-substrate, amaphilisi kanye nemicu kakhukhunathi zilungele amajikijolo, imbali, izithelo, izilimo zemifino, ezihlakulelwe zombili emhlabathini ovaliwe futhi ovulekile.
Izici zaleli thuluzi zezithombo zihlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi i-coconut substrate iyasiza yini izithombo ukungabi nesidingo sokulahlwa lapho kukhula izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba kuba ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu ne-baking powder enhlabathini.
