Isiga esimnyama samazambane singenye yezitha eziphambili neziyingozi kakhulu zalesi sitshalo sezimpande nomlimi Akugcini nje ukonakalisa isivuno, kunciphisa inani laso nekhwalithi, kodwa futhi kwenza kungenzeki ukulungisa impahla yasekhaya. Ukunqoba i-potato rhizoctonia (okubizwa ngokuthi yisifo), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ibangelwa yini nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthuka.
Umphumela we-rhizoctonia
I-ejenti yokuhlaselwa kwesibazi esimnyama yisikhunta futhi isiza kakhulu i-Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amazambane akuyona ukuphela kwesiko alithandayo. I-fungus ye-parasitic iyakwazi ukuba nezinye izingosi, zombili phakathi kwezilimo zasengadini (nightshade, ithanga, isiphambano) naphakathi kokhula (insimbi yamahhashi yasensimini kanye nokhuni lokuhlwanyelwa ikhethelwa ikakhulukazi).
Izinhlayiya zobusika fungus kahle enhlabathini iminyaka emi-4, futhi esimweni sezulu esimanzi nesipholile ziqala ukukhula kahle, kanti zisindayo futhi zimpofu kakhulu umbandela womhlaba, lapho zizizwa ngcono. Futhi, ukhunta wokuhlanza uphikelela kuma-tubers uqobo, okuholela ekulimaleni kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokugcina futhi kamuva ukuthelela izithombo.
Ungadla amazambane athelelekile, kepha uwasebenzisele ukukhiqiza kabusha - akunandaba.
Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi amazambane ayagula?
Isiga esimnyama sisongela amazambane kuzo zonke izigaba zesikhathi sokukhula. Kuya ngokuthi lokhu kwenzekile nini, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi amasiko angenwe yilezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- imifino evuthiwe imbozwe amashubhu amnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ahlanganiswe ekukhuleni okuqinile;
- lapho gcina isivuno, izithombo zezimpande ezinamabala ziqala ukubola;
- uma amazambane ekwazi ukubusika, amahlumela akhiqiza entwasahlobo abomvu ngombala onsundu, aqhakaze kakhulu futhi abuthaka kakhulu;
- emasimini ahlaselwe i-rhizoctonia, lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, kuvela iplagi emhlophe phansi kwesiqu bese zibola;
- izihlahla ezisindayo azithuthukisi, zihlala ziphansi, amaqabunga avela phezulu aqala ukuphenduka abe bomvu futhi aqhekeke;
- amazambane asemancane anesifo abuye aqhamuke nezilonda, bese kancane kancane ebola.
Izindlela zokulawula
Ukulwa ne-rhizoctonia ikakhulukazi kuzindlela zokuvimbela okuhloswe ngazo ukuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezimo ezivumayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele:
- Phatha imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ngama-fungicides (Maxim, Bactofit nabanye).
- Galela inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo (ikakhulukazi umquba) nokulungiswa kwamaminerali minyaka yonke.
- Bheka ukujikeleza kwezitshalo emibhedeni engadini.
- Ungaqala ukutshala ngaphambi kokufika kwezinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-8 degrees Celsius futhi "ungazingcwabi" nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezijule kakhulu.
- Iba nesikhathi sokuvuna ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu sethwathwa esipholile nesiswakeme sinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukhunta (kuze kube uSepthemba).
- Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ezitheleleke nge-rhizoctoniosis, kufaka phakathi ukhula, ziyashiswa.
Uma ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesigaxa esimnyama zitholakala kumazambane asekhaya, kungcono ukuyiguqula ngokuphelele impahla yembewu ngesizini ezayo, uthole izinhlobo ezingamelana nalesi sifo.
