Le ncazelo ingeyomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae, owethulwe kakhulu ekubhekeni kwezimbali zasendlini (Gesneriaceae) Incazelo Yegama Lensus (I-Episcia) livela kumaGrikhi “episkios” - amnyama, anombala, aqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-40 zezitshalo. Emithonjeni yesiNgisi yale ncazelo, bathi: “Ivutha amalangabi"Okusho ukuthi" ilangabi lomlilo ",Isitshalo se-peacock"(I-Peacock imbali"), "Isitshalo seChameleon”(Chameleon Plant) noma“ Orange african violet ”(I-Orange African Violet).
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izincazelo zingamahlathi ashisayo aseBrazil, Mexico, Colombia, Guinea, iSuriname ne-Antilles. Emvelweni, akhula njengotshani obunwabuzelayo obunamanzi, anamahlumela amaningi asemuva, ezindaweni ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Incazelo iyakhasa. © I-TopjabotIncazelo yencazelo
Izincazelo zinokuhleleka kweqabunga okuphambene, amaqabunga aqhamile ngokulandelana, ngokusuka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo, ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-20 cm ubude nama-3-10 cm ububanzi, ama-pubescent, ajwayele ukugqokwa phakathi kwephalethi elinombala onsundu nokuhlaza. Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwamaqabunga amadala yisitshalo esidala kuwuphawu lwencazelo, i.e. Iziqu ezinde azivezwa, kepha zigcinwa zinamaqabunga ngokuphelele.
Izincazelo zitshalwa ikakhulukazi ngamahlamvu amahle, kodwa imbali futhi ibukeka yinhle kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda samaqabunga anemibala ngokungajwayelekile. Imbali iyi- "gramophone" engaba ngu-3 cm ubude no-1.5 cm ubukhulu, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ama-petals ajwayele ukubomvu okukhanyayo, i-pharynx iphuzi ngembobo, ingxenye yangaphandle ibomvu ngombala ophuzi obude. Kepha kunezinhlobo zezincazelo ezinezimbali ezipinki, o-orenji, ophuzi, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimhlophe nezinamabala.
Isimbali sezimbali zasendlini
Ukukhula okusheshayo nokuqhakaza kwezimbali isikhathi eside kwenza iziqephu zibe yinto ebalulekile yesiko langaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sezimbali eside kakhulu sici semibhalo - ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi.
Izincazelo zivame ukutshalwa njengezitshalo ezikhulu kakhulu (drooping). Izitshalo ezincane ezitshalwe ebhodweni isikhathi esithile zihlala ziqondile, kodwa bese zilala phansi, ngasikhathi sinye kwakhiwa amahlumela amaningi aseceleni alengayo onqenqemeni lwembiza. Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zifinyelela kubude obungaba ngu-40-60 cm (akuvamile kakhulu) futhi zinamahlumela athuthukile angama-20-30, angama-5-10 angaqhakaza.
Incazelo ibomvu yethusi.
Izici zokukhula kwe-epistasis ekhaya
Ukushisa: Okuphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, ebusika okungenani 18 ° C. Incazelo kumele ivikelwe kokusalungiswa.
Isibani: Le ncazelo ithande ukukhanya okugqamile okukhanyayo, kepha ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, umbala wamaqabunga ahlanganisiwe uyaphela.
Ukunisela: Ukuchelela kukalwa ngokulingana ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuyaqapha futhi akuvamile.
Umanyolo: Ukungezelelwa kokudla okunempilo kuqala cishe ngo-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngesonto. Sebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wokuqhakaza izitshalo zasendlini.
Umswakama womoya: Izincazelo zidinga umswakama ophezulu kakhulu. Izimbiza ezinalezi zitshalo zibekwa epanini elinamatshe amanzi kanti ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyafafazwa njalo.
Ukufakelwa: Kwiziqephu ezikhulayo, kungcono ukuthatha amabhodwe abanzi ngokwanele, hhayi ukuphakama okuphezulu. Kudluliswa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo.
Ukuzala: Imbewu, ukusikwa kwamahlamvu, ama-rosette endodakazi.
Incazelo ibomvu ngokugqamile.
Isiqephu Ukunakekelwa
Ukuchazwa kukhetha ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Indawo enhle yokubekwa ama-windows ane-oriental entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Ingakhula emafasiteleni asenyakatho. Kumafasitela anomgwaqo oseningizimu, beka lesi sitshalo kude nefasitela noma udale ukukhanya kwendwangu noma iphepha (i-gauze, tulle, iphepha lokulandela). Ebusika, imiqondo ihlinzeka ngokukhanya okuhle.
Kuzo zonke izikhathi, incazelo ithanda izinga lokushisa lomoya esifundeni esingu-20-25 ° C, kungakuhle ukuthi ungalihlisi ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe.
Izincazelo zithinta kakhulu umbuso wokunisela. Ukweqisa ngokweqile, kanye nokwenza ngokweqile, kuyingozi kubo. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ukuchelela ngokulingana kuyadingeka, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomile wesifunda. Ebusika, ukuthambisa kweziqephu kukhawulelwe, kepha inhlama yobumba ayilethwanga ukuba yome - iyaphuziswa, usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokomisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu. Igcotshwe ngamanzi athambile, avikelwe kahle ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Njengoba kungathandeki ukuthi amanzi awele emacembe esihlahla, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise ukuthambisa okuphansi.
Ngokwencazelo, umswakama owengeziwe uy efiselekayo. Ukufafaza ngqo phezu kwesitshalo akufanele, njengoba amaqabunga e-pubescent ebola kalula, ngakho-ke fafaza umoya eduze kwesitshalo ngokubeka i-atomizer ezingeni elincane lokufafaza. Ukuze wandise umswakama, ungabeka amabhodwe nencazelo kumathileyi onobumba obunwebekile obandisiwe noma i-peat, kuyilapho phansi kwembiza kungafanele kuthinte amanzi.
Lesi sitshalo sikulungele kahle ukukhula ngo-mini-greenhouse kanye naku-terrariums.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, imibhalo yasentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo ihlanganiswa njalo emavikini ama-2 ngesisombululo samanyolo anzima wamaminerali, kuxutshwe amahlandla ama-2 ahambelana nemiyalo esetshenzisiwe. Umanyolo we-organic ubuye uhlanjululwe amahlandla ama-2 maqondana nengxenye enconyiwe.
I-Episia ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu ngakho-ke idinga ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, amahlumela ayafinyezwa bese ama-rosette endodakazi avela ezigxotsheni ezisikiwe atshalwe ebhodweni elifanayo ukuze isihlahla sikhulu ngokubabazekayo.
Izinhlobo ezandayo zokuchazwa ezikhula ngokushesha zinamandla okuphuma, zimile kalula ezimbizeni ezingomakhelwane. Ngalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukumisa izitshalo noma ukuzibeka emabhodweni ukuze amahlumela anokhalayo angathathi izimpande, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa inani lawo lokuhlobisa.
Ukuphatha izitshalo kunconywa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo. Ukuze kulinywe imiqondo, kungcono ukuthatha izimbiza ezanele, eziphakeme kancane. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokusabela okuncane noma okungathathi hlangothi (pH 5.5 - 6.5). Ingxube yenhlabathi inezingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba onamaqabunga, ingxenye eyi-peat (noma umhlaba obamba ukushisa) nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi somfula, i-sphagnum moss kanye nezingcezu zamalahle. Futhi, i-substrate yencazelo ingaqukatha inhlabathi eshidi, i-peat nesihlabathi (3: 1: 1), ngokufakwa kwe-sphagnum namalahle. Ungasebenzisa izingxube zeViolet ezithengiwe, njll. Nikeza imithombo emihle yokudonsa amanzi kanye nezimbobo ezinkulu zokukhipha phansi ebhodweni.
Ukuchazwa kunombala we-clove. © R.G. UWilsonUkusikisela
Izincazelo zisakazeka kalula ngokusikwa kwesiqu, amaqabunga kanye nembewu ngayinye. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Indlela elula yokusakaza ukujula kwezimpande eziseceleni. Amahlumela athuthukisiwe anama-node angama-3-4 ngaphandle kwenqubo yawo yakamuva abekwa emanzini, kodwa ungawacwilisi ngokujulile (akukho ngaphezu kwe-3-4 cm). Ungakwazi futhi, ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa irosette yendodakazi yencazelo esitshalweni sikamama, ungene esikhundleni sebhodwe bese udonsa ihlumela endaweni yesibalo ngamasentimitha ambalwa enhlabathini emanzi. Imvamisa azikho izinkinga ngokusika kwe-stem cuttings - zizokhula ngaphakathi kuwe phakathi nesonto.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuqothula kwe-epistemia kufanele okungenani libe ngu-+18 ° C, futhi ngokungcono lizungeze u-+25 ° C. Izitshalo ezincane zidlula kaningana njengoba zikhula (ngokuvama kube kanye ngenyanga), i.e. itshalwe ngaphandle kokubhubhisa i-coma yobumba ezitsheni, ibe ngu-2-3 cm ubukhulu kunangaphambili. Ubukhulu bembiza enkulu yezitshalo zabantu abadala bungamasentimitha angama-20. Indlela elula yokwandisa ama-epithets nge-stem cuttings ukuwasusa ngqo endaweni esemhlabathini. Bahlukaniswa batshalwe enhlabathini ekhanyayo ebhodweni elincane (ububanzi obuyi-7 cm cm) bese bebekwa kubhavu eshisayo noma bumboze imbiza ngembiza.
I-Episplant Transplant
Ngezincazelo, okubizwa “Ukukhanya” ukuxubeka komhlaba. Isendlalelo kufanele sidlule amanzi nomoya kahle, pH cishe ngo-5.5. Ungasebenzisa imixube yomhlaba eyenzelwe ama-violets (senpolia). Nasi esinye sazo: thatha izingxenye ezi-4 (ngokwesibonelo izinkomishi ezi-4) zomhlaba “wamaqabunga”, engeza ingxenye eyi-peat nesihlabathi esi-1. Ungangeza i-sphagnum moss encane noma amalahle amancane. Ngaphansi kwembiza, faka amanzi akhiwe ngobumba obunwetshiwe obunwetshiwe, Foam ochotshoziwe we-polystyrene noma amatshe abunjiwe.
Ngokwencazelo, empeleni, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukuxubana komhlaba okuthengiswa ezitolo zezitshalo zasendlini, noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi cishe zonke zenziwa ngesisekelo se-peat futhi kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze inhlabathi yamaqabunga kubo ngokulandelana. 1: 1, kufanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-pH yengxube imayelana ne-5.5. Inhlabathi yeqabunga ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi (5 cm) ukusuka ngaphansi kwezimpande zama-birches, lindens. Ingasetshenziselwa izincazelo ngokunezela isihlabathi esihlanganayo (ngokulandelana 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezi-4 zomhlaba ngomthamo); noma ubumba olunwetshiwe oluncane (ngokwesilinganiso. 1: 6); noma enye i-baking powder: i-perlite (1: 5); ochotshoziwe we-sphagnum moss (1: 5); Peat (1: 3).
Ingxube elandelayo isetshenziswa ekutshaleni izincazelo: izingxenye ezi-2 ze-grassroots peat, izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi enamaqabunga kanye nengxenye eyi-1 ye-sphagnum moss eyomile. I-Sphagnum moss inezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezulu kwezinye i-baking powder: i-porous kakhulu, i-hygroscopic ethe xaxa, ine-pH ene-acidic efanelekile izincazelo futhi inezindawo zokulwa nama-anisyptic, ezilula kakhulu lapho sakaza lezi zitshalo ngaphandle kokukhula kwe-mizizi eyodwa emanzini.
Incazelo ibomvu yethusi. © FeloideaUbunzima obungahle bukhona ekukhuleni imibhalo
Izincazelo azithintwa izinambuzane eziphambili ezincelayo ezivamile kusiko langaphakathi. Ingozi enkulu kubo ukubola, okubangelwa umswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini ekukhanyeni okuphansi namazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika. Kungenzeka futhi ukubola iziqu nesiqu seqabunga zencazelo ngesikhathi sokusakazeka.
Ukuvimbela ukubola: ukungabandakanywa kokubekwa kwamanzi ebhodweni (ukutholakala kokufaka izimbiza zamanzi ngaphansi kwembiza, ngokunisela emva kokomiswa kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi ebhodweni); ukufaka amalahle ochotshoziwe (5-10% ngevolumu) noma ama-moss owomile we-sphagnum (10-20% ngevolumu) enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Isitshalo esinezimpande ezibolile noma ezifayo enezimpande sivele sishwabene enhlabathini emanzi ebhodweni. Izisiki zisikwa esitshalweni esinjalo bese uzifaka ezimpandeni zamanzi noma ngokushesha emhlabathini. Inhlabathi yakudala kumele ilahlwe, bese izitsha zibilisiwe.
Ngomoya omile kakhulu, amathiphu amaqabunga angoma futhi ukukhula okuncane kungaphela. Ukuchelela okungajwayelekile kungadala ukuba amaqabunga athile asonteke. Ngokukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile, amaqabunga angabuna. Endaweni emnyama kakhulu, izitshalo nazo zilahlekelwa umbala wazo futhi zibe zincane kakhulu.
Izincazelo zingathinteka ngama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, ama-nematode ezimpande, nezinye izinambuzane zezimpande. Izindlela zokulawula - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okunomphumela wezinambuzane: i-actellik, neoron, cymbush, njll Kuyadingeka ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo futhi sinisele inhlabathi ukuze uketshezi luphume emgodini wokudonsa ngaphansi. Ukucutshungulwa kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Lapho utheleleke nge-nematode (okwenza ukwakheka kwezimila ezimpandeni), ukusikwa kusikiwe esitshalweni, umhlaba ulahliwe, bese izitsha zibilisiwe.
Lilac (Episcia lilacina). © Andres HernandezIzinhlobo ezithandwayo zezindatshana
I-Carnation (Episcia dianthiflora)
I-Synonym: I-Piabia clove (i-Piabia dianthiflora) - ihlukaniswe ngohlobo oluhlukile lwe-Piabia. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiMexico. Isitshalo sasezindaweni ezishisayo esinezinhlobo ezimbili zamahlumela: sifinyeziwe ngamaqabunga asondele futhi amancanyana amade, simnyama ngokuguga, sisetshenziswa emafeni amadevu (amadevu), amakhethini endodakazi. Amacembe mancane, ubude obu-3 cm, 2 cm ububanzi, i-elliptical to ovoid, emaphethelweni edolobha, okuluhlaza okotshani okune-midrib onsomi, i-velvety pubescent emfushane. Izimbali azishintshi, zimhlophe zinamachashazi ansomi emqaleni nasemaphethelweni emphetho wesundu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa kakhulu.
I-Episcia yethusi ebomvu (i-Episcia cupreata)
Ikhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle, emahlathini emvula aseColombia, eVenezuela, eBrazil. Umuthi ongapheli, unosayizi omkhulu kakhulu kunezilwane ezedlule. Amahlumela ezinwabuzelayo, amila kalula kule ndawo engaphansi. Amaqabunga angamalambu, anombala obanzi, acishe abunjwe yinhliziyo ngasisekelo, ubude bawo bungama-6 ukuya ku-13 cm nobubanzi obuyi-4-8 cm, bube nobukhulu obukhulu; nsundu okuluhlaza okotshani kuya kwethusi ngaphezulu, okunomucu obanzi omhlophe eduze komthambo ophakathi nendawo namabala, abomvu ngaphansi, anomucu oluhlaza phakathi. Izimbali ezizodwa, obomvu obomvu noma obomvu obomvu; i-corolla tube 2-2.5 cm ubude, ngaphakathi amabala aphuzi nobomvu, ngaphandle kokubomvu. Iqhakaza ehlobo, ngoJulayi-Septhemba.
Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo lapho uwela futhi kunezindlela eziningi zamasiko nezinhlobonhlobo:
- enamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu (11-14 cm), onsundu omnqumo onsundu ngenhla, acwebezelayo, anombala osiliva onsundu emithanjeni, apinki ngezansi;
- enamaqabunga esiliva-grey-green, ecwebezelayo, onqenqebelo lomnqumo onsundu kanye namabala phakathi kwemithambo, apinki ngaphansi komphetho;
- enamaqabunga amakhulu, omnqumo onsundu, onobumba obuthambile, onomucu wethusi obanzi okhanyayo eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo;
- enamaqabunga aqine kakhulu ama-pubescent, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onqenqemeni oluhlaza okotshani kanye namabala phakathi kwemithambo ye-lateral;
- enamaqabunga abushelelezi, aluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo yesiliva eceleni kwemithambo ephakathi neyemuva.
Episcia xantha. © RNR TrésorIsikebhe Esiyingozi (i-Episcia reptans)
Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinomthunzi emahlathini emvula ashisayo eBrazil, Colombia, Guiana, eSuriname. Izitshalo ze-herbaceous zisetshenziswa. Izithombo ezinwabuzelayo, ezinde, ezinhlamvu. Amaqabunga acwebezelisiwe, angama-4-8 cm ubude nama-2-5 cm ububanzi, anomumo wenhliziyo ngasisekelo, amachaphaza amnyama, aluhlaza womnqumo nonsundu ngaphezulu, abomvu ngezansi, abebunjiwe ngaphezulu ngenhla, abe-serrate-ciliated emaphethelweni; kanye nomthambo ophakathi nendawo kuze kube yisilinganiso sobude besemithambo ye-lateral ngentambo emincane eyisiliva. Izimbali zihlala zodwa, zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga, ezintanjeni ezibomvu; i-corolla tube engu-2,5-3,5 cm ubude; pharynx we-corolla 2 cm ubukhulu, opinki ngaphakathi, obomvu ngaphandle. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesitshalo se-ampel.
