I-perennial ryegrass (i-Lolium perenne) - enye yezinhlobo ezinzile futhi ezingathetheki kakhulu zotshani obunotshani, okuphathelene nengxubevange yotshani yomndeni wamaCereals, obhalwe njengezinhlobonhlobo "Ezemidlalo".
Ukuze wakhe utshani obuhle futhi obucocekile obuzohlobisa ingadi, udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu. Lo msebenzi ubonakala ulula ekuqaleni nje, kepha empeleni awusebenzi bonke abalimi abanolwazi. Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha kahle utshani obufanele uhlobo lomhlabathi nesimo sezulu sendawo. Kulokhu kuphela lapho uzothola utshani obukhangayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuba ube nombono wokuthi utshani buzothuthukiswa yiphi injongo. Ungahlobisa insimu, uvale izindawo ezingenalutho noma usebenze njengendawo yokudlala eluhlaza yokuzijabulisa, lapho izingane zizobe zimatasa khona ngemidlalo esebenzayo.
Incazelo ye-ryegrass utshani
Ama-Rye utshani amahlumela aqhakaze kakhulu futhi ambozwe ngamaqabunga amancane apendwe luhlaza okotshani. Uhlelo olunamandla lwempande lubonakala ngokukhula ngokushesha. Isitshalo asilahlekeli ngombala waso ocebile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Lapho ukhula futhi usika uyakwazi ukwelulama ngesikhathi esifushane. Indawo enhle yotshani emile nenotshaniweyo, ekhule endaweni efanayo, ingahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5.
I-ryegrass yamadlelo ingeyama-perennials futhi imelana kakhulu nokunyathelwa uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zotshani obunotshani. Ngawo onke amathuba aso, lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kufa lapho kwenzeka izikhukhula noma isikhukhula sendawo. Uma kungabikho ikhava yeqhwa ebusika noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, izimpande zotshani zibanda.
I-perennial ryegrass inamagama amaningana, ngokwesibonelo, amakhoba angapheli, i-ryegrass yesiNgisi noma yamadlelo.
Ezimweni zemvelo, ingatholakala eYurophu noma eNyakatho Afrika. Kwesinye isikhathi utshani bukhula ezifundeni ezithile zase-Eshiya.
Khula utshani obusezingeni eliphezulu kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ama-ryegrass we-perennial atshalwa kusuka imbewu etshalwe ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kokwehla, kufanele ulungiselele isiza. Susa ukhula kanye namatshe amakhulu, bambe inhlabathi ukuze ibe nesikhathi sokuzinza ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngaphambi nje kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukwengeza umhlabathi futhi ulinganise nengaphezulu. Akunconyelwe ukukhetha isiza esine-angle yokuthambekela esingaphezu kwama-30 degrees, ngaphandle kwalokho inhlabathi izonyuka.
Ekwindla, kungcono ukucebisa indawo yokukhulisa i-ryegrass enomanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi idinga ukuvundiswa ngamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyelwa kubhekwa njengokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingehli ngaphansi kwama-degrees ama-2. Uma kungenzeka njalo ukuthambisa utshani, khona-ke imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ehlobo lonke. Zisakazeke endaweni elungiselelwe futhi zavalwa ngocingo olunenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwesonto, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zesimo sezulu, kuvela amahlumela okuqala.
Lapho kuqala ihlobo, kufanele njalo uphuze utshani obunotshani. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo bese ibumba ukhaphethi omnandi futhi omnyama. Kuyo yonke inkathi, kuyadingeka ukusika utshani izikhathi eziningana ukuze kulondolozwe ukubukeka kwayo okuhle futhi inqande ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli dlelo langempela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kungahluka. Njengomthetho, ukugcwalisa ihektha elilodwa lomhlaba udinga ukuchitha cishe ama-14 kg wengxube ye-ryegrass emsulwa. Uma usebenzisa ingxube yotshani, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngeke kudlule ku-10 kg.
Amafomu aminyene agcwele ngokushesha. Ngokucheba utshani, kusetshenziswa umhluzi wotshani. Amahlumela anekhono elihle lokululama, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile baphinda bamboza insimu ngokhaphethi oluhlaza ogqamile.
Ngokuqondene nengxube yotshani, vele, uhlobo oluxubile notshani lubukeka luhle kakhulu, kepha amanye amakhambi azodinga ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu kokwehluka okumsulwa okumsulwa.
Izinto zokutshala zingathengwa ezitolo ezithengisa izitshalo zasengadini. Lapho i-ryegrass isivele ikhula kusiza, ungabeka kwimbewu yakho. Lapho ugunda, vele ushiye indawo encane yotshani engeneme yokuvuthwa kwama-spikelets. Ngemuva kokuba sebephenduke ophuzi, ama-spikelets asikiwe futhi akhishwe imbewu.
Amadlelo aluhlaza awakubekezeleli ukulinyelwa ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba ekukhetheni inhlabathi, kepha ngeke sikhule emhlabathini we-acidic. Izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezivundile nezikhanyayo zilulungele kahle lolu tshani obunotshani.
I-lawn ukunakekelwa kwe-ryegrass
Ukunisela
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyinake ngokukhethekile ukuthambisa utshani obujwayelekile. I-Ryegrass isabela kahle kwisomiso, futhi ukuthathwa kwamanzi ngokweqile kwesayithi kungavusa ukufa kwezimpande. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile futhi ukugcwalisa inhlabathi kahle ngamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kotshani, kufakwa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini.
Izinwele
Ungesabi ukugunda utshani obuvame, ngoba luyakwazi ukukhula ngokushesha nokuhlelela ukumboza insimu yengadi. Isitshalo siyamelana nezilokazane nezifo. Lolu utshani obunotshani empeleni abuguli.
Ubusika
Ubungozi bokutshala i-ryegrass yamadlelo amelelwa ubusika obungenasithwathwa eqhweni, lapho kulahleka khona amaphesenti amaningi ezitshalo. Amahlumela amancane angafa ngesikhathi sekwephuzile sekwephuzile kwentwasahlobo. Uma ama-voids ebonakala endaweni lapho utshani bukhula khona, khona-ke izikhala ezinjalo zigcwele imbewu.
Izimo ezifanele kunazo zonke zokukhula ngamapharamitha wesimo sezulu asesilinganisweni. Izimpande zotshani obunotshani azikwazi ukumelana namaqabunga angaphezu kwesilinganiso se-18. Uma ingaphezulu lesiza livikelwe ikhava elikhulukazi, amathuba otshani agcinwayo anda.
I-Ryegrass in landscaping
Leli dlelo lisetshenziswa njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu njengendawo yemvelo yemvelo. Itshalwa emapaki, ezingadini noma ezinkundleni zemidlalo.
I-Ryegrass ihlanganisa kahle i-alfalfa ne-pink clover, okusanhlamvu okufana ne-bluegrass ye-meadow, i-fescue noma ikamu, kuzosiza ikhava yotshani.
Izici eziwusizo
I-ryegrass yamadlelo ivame ukutholakala kwezolimo. Ukukhula ngokushesha kotshani kuqala ngo-Ephreli. NgoMeyi, utshani bungasetshenziswa njengomhlaba wedlelo. Lesi sitshalo sinikeza isivuno esicebile ngesimo semifino enempilo enempilo, esebenza njengokudla kwezinkomo, amahhashi noma izimvu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, kuze kufinyelele kuma-400 centner of ingxube engotshani ehektheleni elilodwa lomhlaba. Indawo efanayo yesakhiwo inikezela kusuka kuma-90 kuya kwayi-100 amasenti we-hay.
IRyegrass inomphumela omuhle ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi futhi ithuthukisa izimfanelo zayo ezivundile, inciphisa ubungozi bokuguguleka.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-ryegrass otshani
Abafuyi abavela emhlabeni wonke bazamile ukukhipha imvunulo eluhlaza ehlukahlukene engahlobisa amabala ezemidlalo nezindawo zokuzijabulisa. Kuhlwanyelwa ngamasiko ahlukene noma kusetshenziswa ingxube engotshani.
Izingxube zeGrass ezimakwe njenge- “Sport” zifaka amabanga alandelayo otshani: i-Greenfield van, iHenrietta ne-Roadrunner. Ngaphezu kwabo, i-ryegrass yaphakade ehlukaniswa abafuyi basekhaya ayisathandwa kangako:
- I-Leningradsky - Le nhlobonhlobo ihlukaniswa amahlumela obuluhlaza obukhanyayo futhi ikhula ikakhulukazi esifundeni esisenyakatho nentshonalanga;
- I-Phoenix - kuvezwe amahlumela anwabuzelayo, akhula enyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe;
- Cinderella -babizwa njengebanga eliphakeme lotshani obumelana nesithwathwa futhi abathobeki ekunakekelweni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokucheba, ukubuyekeza amahlumela kuthatha isikhathi esiningi;
- I-Voronezh - Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokuzala kakhulu.
