IGinseng, eqashelwa njengophawu lomuthi wasempumalanga, ayisiyena kuphela "udokotela oluhlaza" obaluleke kakhulu, kepha ingesinye sezitshalo zemithi ezingandile. Ezikhathini zasendulo, odokotela baseChina babheka ukuthi impande ye-ginseng icishe ibe isimangaliso, ekwazi ukuphakamisela iziguli izinyawo ezigulayo kakhulu, ibuyise ubutsha namandla.
Lesi sitshalo sathola ukuqashelwa njengomuthi osemthethweni muva nje, kepha isidingo sezimpande sasinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba uhla lwe-ginseng lwemvelo lwancishiswa kaningi, futhi izinhlobo zasendle zavikelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-ginseng
Lapho kukhulunywa ngezitshalo zokwelapha, igama elithi "ginseng" likhumbula omunye wokuqala. Isiko lelo lidume kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo zokuphulukisa kanye ne-rhizome enamagatsha anamanzi, okufana nomuntu omangalisayo. Kepha indlela i-ginseng ebukeka ngayo, noma kunalokho ingxenye yayo esemoyeni, yaziwa yingcosana.
I-ginseng ejwayelekile, eqashelwa njengobaluleke kakhulu ukusuka endaweni yokubukwa ngomuthi, iyisidakamizwa esihlala ukhula, enesibalo esisodwa noma esingaphansi impela saso esivele ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-70 ukuphakama. Ukudubula okucishe kube nobukhulu obungadluli kuka-6 mm engxenyeni engenhla kufakwe umqhele ngamahlamvu amakhulu aqhekekile, aqukethe izingxenye ezi-oval ezinhlanu noma ezi-ovoid. Amaqabunga amnyama wesundu we-ginseng anamathiselwe esiqwini ngama-petioles aqinile, anemiphetho efaneleke njengamasende kanye nobude obungu-15 cm.
Maphakathi nehlobo, ama-ginseng blooms, akha isambulela i-inflorescence, enobubanzi obungamasentimitha amathathu futhi aqukethe ama-buds amancane ayi-15-40 e-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Imbali ka-ginseng ekhonjiswe esithombeni ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi okugqamile noma okuhlobisa. Ama-corollas amhlophe noma apinki abe nenkomishi eluhlaza enensimbi enamaphayiphu amahlanu avinjelwe yizinambuzane. Lapho ukuqhakaza sekuqediwe, kuvela amaqanda endaweni yezimbali, avuthwe ngezinsuku zokugcina zehlobo noma ngoSepthemba.
Uma ubheka isithombe, ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i-ginseng ngalesi sikhathi, ungaqonda ukuthi ukubukeka kwesitshalo okungabonakali kuguquka kanjani. Amajikijolo abomvu agqamile anepulpiki enamanzi kanye nembewu engu-2-3 ngaphakathi kuvuthwe ku-peduncle ngo-10-24 cm.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, ingxenye yesitshalo iyafa, kepha isigaxa esikhulu singaphansi komhlaba. Kusindisa impilo ye-ginseng kuze kufudumale futhi kuthwale wonke umsoco onqwabelene. IGinseng isitshalo esaphila isikhathi eside. Lapho ikhula impande, kukhulu ubunzima bayo namandla aphakeme okupholisa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwatholakala impande ye-bicentennial eManchuria. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuthola isiqhwaga esinje.
Ngenxa yokufunwa okukhulu kwezinto zokwelapha zokwelapha, ama-kindlesss azingela ama-ginseng endaweni yawo yemvelo aqala ngekhulu le-19. Kuholele ekwehlekeni okukhulu kwenani labantu kanye nokunciphisa indawo yokukhula.
Lapho i-ginseng ikhula khona
IGinseng isitshalo esingumhlanga. Isiqinisekiso esingaqondile salokhu yindawo engajwayelekile yesiko, edwengulwa kabili yiLwandlekazi iPacific. Iningi lezinhlobo eziyi-12 ze-ginseng zingabantu bomdabu baseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha akubanga isikhathi eside kakhulu lapho kwatholakala enye yezinhlobonhlobo endaweni yezwekazi laseMelika. Namuhla, i-ginseng enamakhomba amahlanu ikhule emasimini amakhulu njengesitshalo esisebenzayo sokwelapha.
Ngaphezu kogu olusentshonalanga ye-United States, uhla lwe-ginseng luhlanganisa iPeninsula yaseKorea, iVietnam neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga China. I-ginseng ikhula kuphi eRussia? Izwe lethu linesitokwe esikhulu kunazo zonke lesi sitshalo. I-ginseng yasendle yokwelapha itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKhabarovsk Territory, eSikhote Alin, kanye nasePrimorye. Yonke indawo lapho isitshalo sifakwa khona ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile. Kukhona okukhulunywa nge-ginseng ku-Red Book of Jewish Autonomous Oblast, noma kunjalo, izifaniso ezibukhoma azitholakalanga lapha isikhathi eside.
Nomaphi lapho i-ginseng ikhula khona, akuqediwe ukuqoqwa kwezimpande kuphela, kepha zonke izinyathelo zithathwa ukulonda nokwandisa inani labantu.
Namuhla kwaziwa ngokunembile ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithande ukuhlala emahlathini anqabile, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwama-lindens nama-Hornbeams, i-fir, imisedari, imigoqo kanye namamephu. UGinseng uthanda umthunzi, umswakama, udinga inhlabathi evundile enempilo. Ezimweni ezinhle, zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside zingakha amakhethini aqinile. Kepha njengamanje isithombe asisijabule kangako. Isibonelo, endaweni ye-Primorsky Territory, i-ginseng ikhula ezindaweni eziningi, kepha umcwaningi wemvelo onelukuluku cishe angaba nenhlanhla ngokwanele yokubona iqembu elikhulu lezitshalo.
Imvamisa, i-ginseng yasendle, inani lawo eRussia lingamashumi ezinkulungwane, likhula ngawodwana, emakhoneni angakathintwa emthambekeni oseningizimu ntshonalanga noma mpumalanga.
Kuvikelwa Kanjani i-Ginseng
Vele, abazingeli abalimazi balimaza kakhulu inani lezitshalo zokwelapha namuhla. Kodwa-ke, akuzona ukuphela kwezitha ze-ginseng. Inani lezitshalo zasendle liyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi afanele, imililo kanye nokuncipha kokungcola kwamahlathi. Ngeshwa, i-ginseng ikhiqiza imbewu embalwa. Akuzona zonke ezihluma, kanti ezinye izithombo ziyafa eminyakeni yokuqala, ngaphandle kokwenza i-rhizome enamandla ebalulekile.
Ukufakwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe kuvikela i-ginseng eseMpumalanga Ekude ekuqothulweni. Ngabe i-ginseng ikhula kuliphi indawo? Izindawo ezinjalo azisodwa, kodwa zimbalwa. Namuhla, izinhlelo zokubuyisela inani lezidakamizwa zezidakamizwa zisebenza ngokushesha ezindaweni ezine zaseRussia Far East. Leli yi- "Cedari Pad", kanye nemithombo yeLazovsky, iBolshekhekhtsirsky, Ussuriysky.
Hhayi kuphela endaweni ye-Primorsky Territory, kepha nakwezinye izindawo zezwe, ngokwesibonelo, eSakhalin naseChebokary, i-ginseng ikhula emasimini alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile lapho izimo eziseduze nezimo zemvelo zakhiwa. Izinto ezingemuva zemikhiqizo yezemithi nezemvelo nazo zitholakala eChina, Korea, e-USA nase-Australia. Ngomswakama ophezulu, ezimweni ezingama-20-30% wokukhanya, izitshalo zitholakala iminyaka engu-4-6. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpande ze-ginseng, ezikwazile ukuqongelela ingxenye efanelekile yezinto eziwusizo, ziyemba, zihlanzwa futhi zomiswe, zihlelwe ngomhlabathi nangomhlabathi.
Yize ukutshala i-ginseng kusiza ukuvikela imvelo engokwemvelo, kanti nezitshalo ngokwazo azihlukaniseki ezilwaneni zasendle, zidinga iminyaka eminingana futhi zithathwa kanzima, zinakekele kanzima ukuze zikhule. Ngakho-ke, ama-botanists aphendukela kwisayensi yanamuhla. Namuhla, kutholakala ama-ginseng amaningi kusetyenziswa isiko le-in vitro cell.
