Inganekwane emfushane isingenisa ezweni lezimangaliso nezitshalo eziyimfihlakalo ezinhle:
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 eyedlule, kwalethwa isihlahla esincane sivela eHimalaya sabekwa eduze kwekhanda lombusi waseJapan owayegula kakhulu. Umuthi wesimangaliso kwakumele uphulukise umbusi, uqinise amandla akhe okunika izindlalifa ziphilile futhi zinekhono.… Futhi kwaba njalo.
IMurraya isihlahla esifushane esihlala sihlala sinamamitha angama-3-6 noma isihlahla somndeni sezimpande. Indoor iyivelakancane, yize kufanelekile ukunakwa ikakhulukazi abathandi bezinto ezihlukile. I-Unriveled ngobuhle, i-murraya yangempela, ayidingi ukwakheka komqhele okhethekile, ukuqhakaza kusuka ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila cishe unyaka wonke. Izitshalo zaseMurraya zinesici esimangazayo. Lapho kufika kwe-efihlekile nokuqala kwezimbali, ukukhula kwamahlumela kuye kuphela. Igagasi eliqhakazayo lidlulile, ukukhula nokukhula kweziqu ezintsha kuqalisa kabusha kuze kube ukwakheka komugqa olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthenwa kukaMurraye akudingekile. Uzenzela umqhele wakhe.
I-Murraya paniculata, noma iMurraya yakwelinye izwe (Murraya paniculata).
Njengesitshalo sokwelapha, uMurraya ubaziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zamakhosi asendulo aseJapan. I-infusions yezokwelapha kanye nama-decoctions, ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezivuthiwe bekuhloselwe kuphela amandla omhlaba, nemizamo yokutshala isihlahla ngokwayo ihlale inqunywe ekhanda. Mhlawumbe lobu budlova bunqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe "elixir yempilo" yemvelo kubantu abafayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuthatha ama-2-3 Murraya amajikijolo ngosuku kubangela ukuqhuma kobuhlakani kanye namakhono afihliwe umuntu. I-aphrodisiac yemvelo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isifiso sobulili, kodwa futhi yandisa amandla owesilisa. Ama-decoctions amaqabunga athole uhlelo olwedlulele emithini yesintu.
Ukubukwa kukaMurraya
UMurraya ungowezitshalo ezishisayo. Uhla lwayo lokusabalalisa luhlanganisa izindawo zaseNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Indonesia, iPhilippines kanye neziqhingi zasePolynesia. Ohlelweni lokuhleleka kwezitshalo emhlabeni, ungowomndeni wezimpande, lapho uhlukaniswa khona ngohlobo oluhlukile lweMurraya (Murraya). Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-8, ezaziwa kakhulu yiMurraya Koeniga kanye neMurraya paniculata.
UMurraya Koenig
IMurraya König yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-murraya emnyama, evamile ezifundeni ezishisayo nezimfundayo zaseNdiya naseSri Lanka. Umuthi mude ungama-3-6 m ngamaqabunga amade, aqine. Amahlamvu eseshidi eliyinkimbinkimbi ahlelwe ngababili (ngababili abangu-11 - 20) eceleni kwesiqu. UMurraya König ubonakala ngezinhlamvu zamaqabunga eziqabunga eziphakeme zamaqabunga ayinkimbinkimbi. Izimbali zincanyana, ukhilimu okhanyayo noma omhlophe, zinephunga elicebile, kepha elimnandi. Izithelo ziyibhelidi yombala onsomi omnyama noma omnyama. Izithelo ziyadliwa, futhi imbewu inobuthi.
I-Murraya König, noma isihlahla se-curry (iMurraya koenigii).
Ukusebenza
- Amaqabunga anephunga elimnandi futhi ayingxenye yokuthambisa okunezipayisi okusetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izitsha zokudlela ukuze akhulise isifiso ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama wokuhlala kwawo. Amahlamvu amasha afakwa kuzo zonke izitsha, azinike iphunga elithile elibuthakathaka.
- Indlela yokuqunjelwa umusi kusuka emaqabunga e-murraya emnyama ikhiqiza uwoyela, ohamba njengesiqholo ekukhiqizeni insipho.
- Izinkuni eziqinile, eziqinile ngaphambili zazisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezolimo namathuluzi.
- Amaqabunga asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-Ayurvedic kanye nemithi yendabuko yamazwe aseNingizimu Asia, njengomuthi wokwelapha onezinto ezilwa ne-oncological and anti-diabetes. Izinyathelo zokwelapha ipheshana esiswini futhi ezinye izifo zesikhumba nazo zilungiselelwe zivela emaqabunga.
UMurraya paniculata
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, kusatshalaliswa i-murraya eshaqekile (iMogra). Inamagama wokuvumelanisa amaningi: i-murraya exotic, i-jasmine orange, i-jasmine orange, i-myrtle yaseJapan. Njengoba ama-mogra blooms cishe njalo, eNdiya asetshenziselwa ubucwebe neminikelo yemigexo ebukhoma. Ngesikhathi semishado, abesifazane bahlobisa izinwele ngezimbali zaseMogra, isetshenziswa ukuhlobisa amathempeli nezindawo ezingcwele, ngamaholide ahlukahlukene, imikhosi. Iphunga elimnandi lezimbali lisetshenziselwa esikhundleni samafutha.
I-Murraya paniculata, noma iMurraya yakwelinye izwe (Murraya paniculata).
I-Panicled Murray iyisilimo esingaphakathi ekhaya esifinyelela ku-0.7-1,5 m ukuphakama ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphakathi. Kwakhiwa njengesihlahla, isigaxa noma i-bonsai. Amagatsha esiqu kanye nezikhula zisetshenziswa, embala omhlophe ngombala omhlophe. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okomnyama, acwebezelayo, amancanyana ngokukhanya okukhanyayo ngegolide futhi amisa ngokumangalisayo izimbali ezimhlophe zodwa noma ama-inflorescence ama-apical corymbose. Iqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke, kwesinye isikhathi ngekhefu elinezinyanga ezingama-2-3 (Novemba-Januwari). Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi. Noma imbali eyodwa igcwalisa igumbi ngephunga le-lime-jasmine (eliseduze ne-jasmine) elingabangeli ikhanda eliphikisayo.
Kuhlukahluka kokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuqala kakhulu, kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-2-4 emva kokuhluma. Uma ngalesi sikhathi lesi sitshalo singazange sakha ihlumela elilodwa, kwabe sekuthengwa i-murraya yamanga. Izithelo zibomvu okukhanyayo ngo-1.5-3.0 cm, zine-pericarp edliwayo, zingawa isikhathi eside, zibe nepropathi eqinile yam tonic.
UGenghis Khan no-Alexander the Great, baphuza noma badla izithelo eziningana ngaphambi kwezimpi zokunquma. Amaqhawe kaGenghis Khan athathe izithelo ze-murraya nazo, aziphakamisa njengemikhankaso ebanga elide, azibiza zaphesheya.
Izici zokuphilisa zikaMurray
Ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yamaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo ze-Murray asetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, i-thyroid gland, ukungasebenzi ngamandla, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwegazi kanye nezinye izifo, kanye namakha e-East Asia. Iphunga eliyinkimbinkimbi lezimbali liwuthinta kahle umsebenzi wenhliziyo, lithuthukisa ukulala, linciphisa imvamisa yokuhlaselwa i-angina. Izithelo zinciphisa ingcindezi, khuphula ithoni nokungazetheki.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaMurraya ekubonweni kwemvelo
Isitshalo esihle ngokumangalisayo singasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamaholide wemikhosi, ekuhlobiseni izindlu zangaphakathi zezakhiwo, izikhungo ezisemthethweni, amahhovisi, izindawo zokugcina impahla nezinye izakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka, kwakheka indlela emincane yokwesaba i-murraya ethukile. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokutshala ekhaya akudluli kumamitha ayi-0.5. Izihlahla eziqhakaza kancane kancane eziqhakaza phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila, zifinyelela kancane ku-4-5 cm ukuphakama.
Izici zokunakekelwa kukaMurraya ekhaya
Okuhlobene nokukhanya nokushisa komoya
Isitshalo esithengiwe sijwayela kancane kancane izimo ezintsha zokuphila, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya, umswakama kanye namazinga okushisa asendaweni. Uma ifakwa kumawayini akhanyayo okhanyayo, kufanele ihlazwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Uma kungekho ukukhanya kwemvelo okwanele, ungakhanyisela isitshalo. I-backlighting yenziwa ngama-phytolamp aze afike emahoreni ayi-12-14 ngosuku). Ehlobo, uMurraya uzizwa emkhulu ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuchayeka ngqo elangeni.
Sicela wazi! Kukhanya okuphansi, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza buthaka, futhi ezimeni ezigqamile kakhulu zithola ukushiswa yilanga futhi ziphendule kuzo ngokulahla amaqabunga ngokuwa kwamahlamvu nezimbali.
Izimbali ZikaMurraya Koenig
UMurraya ungumthandi wokushisa, kepha akabekezeleli ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwendlu ehlobo kungu +24 - +25 ºС, futhi ebusika kungabi ngaphansi kuka +17 - +18 ºС. Ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kokushisa komoya nezinhlaka kungathandeki. Isitshalo siqala ukulimala.
Isidingo soMhlabathi
Njengezitshalo eziningi ezishisayo, i-murraya ikhula kahle emhlabathini omncane, kunamanzi akhanyayo nenhlabathi enokuphefumula. Ngokutshala nokufakelwa, ungathenga isendlalelo eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngomhlaba noma uzenzele ngokwengxube yeqabunga, isod, inhlabathi eyi-humus nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 2: 1 futhi kufanele ufake i-vermiculite noma kakhukhunathi yenhlabathi ubhaka wempuphu ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisha. Ingxube yenhlabathi ingaba yokwehluka okuhlukile, kepha ukusabela kwe-asidi kuyadingeka. Emhlabathini ongathathi hlangothi futhi one-alkaline, lesi sitshalo sikhula kalula i-chlorosis.
Umanyolo nokufaka umquba
UMurraya udinga umanyolo ophelele wamaminerali nowokuphilayo. Kanye nokunisela isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga, kufakwa umquba wokudonswa okulungiselelwe owenziwe kahle ngama-microelement ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngokuya ngezincomo. Ngokuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo, kukhula i-chlorosis, ekhonjiswa ngokufafaza amaqabunga, ukulahleka kwe-turgor nokubola. I-Micronutrient "Orton Micro-Fe" equkethe ifomu le-iron chelated kufanele ingezwe ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Umanyolo we-organic ufakwa ngaphambi kokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi axazululwe ngo-1: 15 (umquba) noma 1:30 (izithoni zezinyoni) futhi kuguqulwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngomanyolo wamaminerali.
Ukunisela nomswakama
UMurraya ufunwa umswakama womoya. Uma umoya womile kakhulu, uyeka ukukhula, kubekwa iziqukathi zamanzi eziphansi eduze kwawo bese kufafazwa izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto ngebhodlela lokufafaza elihle.
Izithelo zikaMurraya paniculata.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, uMurraya udinga ukuthambisa okuningi ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwamanzi epanini. Ukuchelela okulandelayo kwenziwa ngokumisa ungqimba lomhlabathi ongaphezulu kwe-3-5 cm. Amanzi kufanele abe nokushisa kwekamelo, hhayi aqukethe i-chlorine. Kungcono ukuthambisa amanzi ngaphambi kokunisela nge-acidization ngamanzi kalamula noma uviniga (empeleni amaconsi ambalwa nge-1 litre lamanzi). Emhlabathini onamanzi, ukubola kwentamo yentamo kukhula ngokushesha bese isitshalo sifa.
Ukuzala kanye transplantation
Ekhaya, iMurraya paniculata isatshalaliswe ngempumelelo yimbewu. Njengoba imbewu ilahlekelwa ukuhluma ngokushesha, ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna izithelo. Imbewu engu-1-2 itshalwe endebeni epulasitiki eyi-100 gramu enengxube enenhlabathi ekhanyayo. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inkomishi imbozwe nge-cap esobala, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 22- + 25 * С. Isendlalelo siyaniselwa ngesikhathi sokutshala bese kamuva sigcina umswakama kuphela.
Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15. Izithombo ezikhulile zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amakhulu noma ezinkomishi. I-Murraya paniculata isengakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokusika, kepha ukubamba isikhathi eside kunzima ngamaphesenti amaningi emfucuza. Ngokuphikisana ne-murraya ethukile, izitshalo ezindala zeKönig murraya zinezimpande ezingasetshenziswa ekusakazeni izitshalo.
Kuze kube seminyakeni engu-5 yobudala, uMurray uthuthwa kabusha njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo. Lapho ufakelwa, umthamo ukhuphuka ngamasentimitha ngo-1-2 cm. Lapho ufakelwa, intamo yezimpande ayinakujula. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zitshalwa kanye emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 ngokudluliselwa. Lapho ukufakelwa, impande inyakaziswa ngobunono ingxube yakudala yenhlabathi, ngokuqikelela ukuthi ingonakalisi, zisakazwa eduze kweshubhu lomhlabathi olufafazwe edonsa. Phezulu nge-substrate entsha, ihlanganiswe kancane futhi iniselwe. Sicela wazi! I-Murray akufanele idliwe ngokweqile, ngakho-ke qhubeka ukondla ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1,0-1,5 kusuka ngosuku lokutshala. Ngokwesiko le-kadushka, ama-murrayas athatha kuphela ungqimba olungenhla lwe-5-12 cm ngenhlanganisela entsha.
UMurraya Koenig.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele
Ukwakheka komqhele kuzo zonke izitshalo, kufaka phakathi i-murraya, kutholakala ngokuthena nangokuncipha. Okuhlukile kuyindlela emfishane ye-murraya ethukile, okuvela kuyo uqobo izakhi zayo ngokuzimela ingaphezulu kwesisindo sayo.
Ukunikeza isihlahla sikaMurraya isihlahla esifiseleke ngokwengeziwe, qinisa ukukhula kwawo noma ukukhula komkhawulo, entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ukufakwa kwegatsha ngalinye kuyenziwa. Uma ufisa, kungakhiwa i-bonsai evela kuMurray. Ukulungisa umqhele we-bonsai kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho enconyiwe.
Kungani i-murraya ingavuthi?
Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kuzidingo ze-murraya kuya ezimweni zokusekelwa kwempilo, izitshalo azidingi izimo ezikhethekile. Kepha kunesici esisodwa. Ukuze ziqhakaze futhi zakhe izithelo, kudingeka umswakama owanele womoya. Izimbali zaseMurray zisendaweni evulekile ezinsukwini ezi-1 ezedlule. Ukuze kuqhamuke umswakama omusha ophezulu uyadingeka. Emoyeni owomile, impova iyinyumba
Ukuvikela uMurray ezifweni nasezifo
IMurraya isengozini yokulimazeka ngezinambuzane ezijwayelekile zasendlini: ama-aphid, amhlophe amhlophe, izibungu zesicabucabu, izinambuzane ezilinganayo nabanye. Ngokwesiko elingaphakathi, izitshalo azivunyelwe ukuvikela ezinambuzaneni nasezifo ngamakhemikhali, ngenxa yokulimaza impilo. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezincane zidambisa ama-aphid kusuka eshaweni elifudumele, elimboze isigaxa esingezansi ebhodweni ngefilimu. Isihlangu singasuswa ngesandla ngama-tweezers. Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukwelapha izitshalo zabantu abadala ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo engenangozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngokwezincomo, izitshalo ezithelelekile zingafafazwa ngeFitoverm noma i-Entobacterin biologics. Ngezimpawu zalesi sifo (ewa efihlekile, amaqabunga, ukuthambekela okujwayelekile), izitshalo zingafafazwa nge-biologics "Fitosporin", "Iskra-Bio" nabanye.
