I-Cyclamen Ungowe-Primrose womndeni (Primulaceae). Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zezitshalo ezinjalo ezinezimpande ze-tuberous. Sisatshalaliswa eMedithera, eNyakatho-East Africa, e-Iran. Ngokuvamile kutholakala endle eTurkey.
Izinhlobo ezithile zitshalwa isikhathi eside, zombili ezingadini nasezindlini ezifuywayo. Ukulima okungaphakathi endlini, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cyclamen zenzelwe. Okungukuthi: Persian and European.
I-cyclamen yaseYurophu ibizwa nge- "alpine violet." Kuwo wonke unyaka, uzizwa emuhle ngamafasitela asezindlini, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa likungu + 18 ... +20 ° С. Ayiboshelwe uphawu lomswakama oluthile. Ama-blooms kakhulu kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cyclamen yasePheresiya, lesi sitshalo asitholwa njalo ezitolo zezimbali. Lesi sakamuva sibhekisela ezinhlotsheni zabazali zezinzalo eziningi zesimanje.
Umlando wemvelaphi yawo waqala emuva ngekhulu le-16. Ngaleso sikhathi, abaseYurophu babewusebenzisa. Uvele engadini ye-botanical, ephethwe yiNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I. Ngokushesha, i-cyclamen yaphelelwa usizo, kodwa ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka abakhiqizi baqala ukusebenza kanzima kuyo, ngenxa yokuthi namuhla kunenqwaba yama-nzalo ayo nezinhlobo zayo. Ngokwemvelo, ama-cyclamen asePheresiya aqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kobusika kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. I-heyday incike esifundeni sokukhula kwayo. Imvamisa inezimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona okusajingijolo noma i-cherry.
Ama-cyclamens amanje ahlukile ezinhlotsheni zasendle ngosayizi wezimbali zawo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabandulelayo, zinkulu. Umbala ungaba mhlophe qhwa, upinki, obomvu, onsomi onsomi. Ama-nzalo anama-petals anemibala ehlukahlukene futhi okonakele athole ukuthandwa okukhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, eYurophu kuye kwaba nesidingo sama-nzalo amancane. Ngamahlahla amancane anezimbali ezinkulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-cyclamen lungatshalwa engadini nasezindaweni lapho kubusa khona isimo sezulu esipholile.
I-floriculture yesimanje, ngokuya ngosayizi wezitshalo nezimbali, ihlukanisa ama-cyclamens ngamaqembu ama-3.
Ama-cyclamens amancane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: uSilverhart, uMidori, uJeanette, uLibretto, uSilverado. Izitshalo ezifanayo zihlukaniswa izimbali ezinkulu. Njengomthetho, zingaphezu kuka-4 cm. Kuleli qembu, uvame ukuhlangana nama-flavour anamakha. Izimbiza ezinobubanzi obungu-6-10 cm zilungele ukukhula.
Midi cyclamen. Phakathi kwazo kukhona: "Kanto", "Laser", "Sterling" nabanye. Banosayizi wokukhipha ophakathi nendawo. Kutalwe emabhodweni onesilinganiso esingu-10-13 cm.
I-maxi cyclamen (Okujwayelekile noma okuqhakaza okukhulu): IConcerto, iRainier, iSierra, uchungechunge lwe-Ice Ice. Usayizi wamabhodwe wokukhula ungamasentimitha ayi-13-16.
ICyclamen iyaqhubeka nokuthengiswa ezinyangeni zokuqala ekwindla. Lesi sitshalo sithandwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi sithokozela ukuqhakaza kwalo isikhathi eside ebusika. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, i-cyclamen iyayeka ukuqhakaza. Ulahla amaqabunga, futhi lapha abatshali bezimbali abaningi benza iphutha - basilahla lesi sitshalo, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi siphelile. Uma i-cyclamen inakekelwa kahle, izokuqhakaza ngentshiseko isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-cyclamen Ekhaya
Isibani
Ama-cyclamens athanda ukukhanya, kepha amawindi asempumalanga nasentshonalanga ayindawo engcono kakhulu yokuhlala. Uma isitshalo sitholakala ohlangothini oluseningizimu, kubalulekile ukusivikela elangeni eliqondile. Igumbi lapho ikhula khona i-cyclamen kufanele inikezwe umoya njalo.
Ukushisa
Umbuso wokushisa ubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekulimeni ngempumelelo kwama-cyclamens. Amazinga okushisa amahle kakhulu ngenkathi ebandayo ngu-10-12 ° C. Izinga eliphakeme lizoyenza iqale ukwehla amahlamvu futhi iyeke ukuqhakaza. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ifulethi kufanele lisebenze izimo ezifanele. Ekhaya, akuvamile njalo ukugcina i-cyclamen ipholile. Ukwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kabusha nokwelula isikhathi sokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukujwayela i-cyclamen ekushiseni okuphezulu ngezigaba. Kufanele ibekwe ewindini elibandayo futhi inikeze umoya egumbini.
Umswakama
ICyclamen isitshalo esithanda umswakama ophezulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqabunga, adinga ukufafazwa. Lapho nje i-cyclamen iqala ukuqhakaza, ukunqwabelana okunjalo akudingekile. Ukhulisa inkomba yomswakama, ungadala inkungu yamanzi eduze kwesitshalo. Ungayifaka futhi esikhwameni ngamatshe amnyama. Ebusika, ama-cyclamen kufanele abekwe kude kakhulu kusuka kumabhethri wokushisa okuphakathi.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela okuvame ukuthandwa, kepha inani lamanzi kufanele lilingane. Ukushisa kwalo kungaba ngamadigri ambalwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lamakamelo. Ngaphambi kokuba ama-peduncle abonakale ngenhla kwamaqabunga e-cyclamen, ungawathululela ngqo ebhodweni, khona-ke udinga ukuthulula amanzi epanini bese ukhipha ngokweqile kwawo. Lapho isitshalo siphulukana nawo wonke amaqabunga, ukuthambisa kufanele kwehliswe, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi i-substrate ayisho ngokuphelele.
Umanyolo
Ukwanda izimbali ze-cyclamen kuzosiza umanyolo, okubandakanya izakhi zamaminerali ezilusizo. Udinga ukondla isitshalo 1 isikhathi emavikini ama-2.
Ukufakelwa
Lapho nje ukuqhakaza kuyeka futhi namaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi ngokuphelele, lokhu kuzokhombisa ukuthi i-cyclamen ilungiselela isikhathi sokuphumula. Kuleli qophelo, lingadluliselwa ngokudluliselwa ebhodweni elinobukhulu obukhulu obunomhlabathi we-turf noma i-peat substrate. Kubalulekile ukuqapha indawo lapho kukhona khona ama-tubers - kufanele abe sezingeni le-substrate noma avele kancane ngaphezulu kwawo.
Inhlabathi
Kuyadingeka ukudala i-aeration yohlelo lwempande ye-cyclamen. Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa i-peat subatheni ephefumula kalula. Ngomxube, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa ngamanani alinganayo umhlabathi wephepha, humus, Peat nesihlabathi. Uma ufisa, ingathengwa isilungele ukwenziwa.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, ishubhu liphumule. Isitshalo silahlekelwa ngokuphelele amaqabunga awo. Ukubukeka kwazo akunakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuphela kukaJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cyclamen kufanele ibekwe endaweni epholile eyomile.
Ukuzala
Ukutshala ngaphakathi kwe-cyclamen kungahlala iminyaka engu-7. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ayisafaneleki ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthenga entsha. Ukusakazwa kwe-cyclamen izindaba ezihlukumezanayo. Ngenhloso yezimboni, ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imbewu. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokwakho ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ubude besikhathi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya eziqhakaza bungase buhluka. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7-11. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-cyclamen izokwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhanya okwengeziwe, futhi izoqala ukuqhakaza maphakathi nekwindla. Ukuhluma kwembewu, kufanele kudalwe izimo ezifanele. Ukushisa komoya kufanele kube kuzungeze i-18 ° С. Umswakama ophezulu kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya kuyaziswa. Ukuze izilimo zibe sebumnyameni, zimbozwa ngefilimu emnyama amasonto amathathu. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-cyclamen izoqhuma kungekudala. Uma zingaphezulu kwama-20 °, ukuhluma kuzohamba kancane. Ungaqala ukudonsa izithombo ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga agcwele ama-3-4. Ngesikhathi sokumba, ishubhu encane ifafazwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezinambuzane azihlaseli i-cyclamen kakhulu. Kungathinteka yi-cyclamen mite. Izimpawu zizoba amaqabunga angonakele, ukhipha izimbali ezimbondeni kanye nemiqumbe. Akulula ukukhomba lawa makhaza esigabeni sokuqala. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, amalungiselelo okulawula izinambuzane awahlali njalo ebhekana nomgomo.
Izeluleko Ezilusizo
- Uma amaqabunga e-cyclamen ephenduka aphuzi, kepha izimbali zihlala ziphilile, udinga ukulawula amazinga okushisa egumbini. Uma ingaphezulu kwama-degrees ayi-18, udinga ukwehlisa. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ukuthi inhlabathi isomile yini.
- Imbangela yamaqabunga aphuzi kungenzeka ukuthambisa okungakafaneli kwesitshalo.
- Ukubola okumpunga kuvela lapho umswakama uphezulu egumbini elinamazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukuphuma komoya okujwayelekile kuzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga.
- Ama-peduncle namaqabunga angaqala ukubola ngenxa yenhlabathi enamanzi. Ukuchelela okuningana futhi okuvama ukuholela ekutheni izimpande ze-cyclamen ziqale ukubola.
