Enye yamasiko athandwa kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukudala i-bonsai yi-serissa yaseJapan. Lesi sitshalo esimnandi sibizwa nangokuthi umuthi wezinkanyezi eziyinkulungwane (ukuqhakaza kwayo kusivumela ngokuphelele isibongo esinjalo). Kepha i-serissa inezinye izinzuzo. Amagxolo amahle, amaqabunga amancane, ama-silhouette amangalisayo - konke lokhu kungaphezu kokuncengeka ngobukhulu bakhe. Ukukhulisa i-serissa akuwona umsebenzi olula. Kepha noma kunjalo kusuka ku-bonsai yangaphakathi ubhekwa njengomunye ongazethembi kakhulu.
I-Serissa Japanese (iSerissa japonica).
USerissa - uBonsai onama-silhouette amahle
I-serissa, isihlahla esiyingqayizivele kithi sivela eMpumalanga Ekude, inamagama amaningi amahle nezidlaliso. Futhi bonke bayakufakazela kahle ukubonakala kwalesi siporingi sangaphakathi "esidonsa." Yize kunjalo, "umuthi wezinkanyezi eziyinkulungwane" ochaza ukugeleza kochungechunge, kanye ne- "stink-bonsai" amagama adumile. ISerissa ingakumangaza ngokweqile ngephunga lezimpande zalo nezinkuni. Kodwa-ke, lolu phutha alubavimbi abathandi bonsai kulo: kukhona izitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu eziqhakaza ngokubabazekayo phakathi kwale misebenzi yobuciko ekhethekile yobuciko.
USerissa waseJapan (USerissa japonica igama elisemthethweni kepha igama elifanayo serissa emamatheka - Serissa foetida - isathandwa kakhulu) - emvelweni isishayele umkhondo wayo. Kepha ngokwesiko lasekamelweni, ubukhulu besitshalo kunzima ukuzihlola, ngoba lesi sihlahla sivezwa kuphela ngendlela ye-bonsai. Ukuphakama kwe-serissae yangaphakathi kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-40 cm. Amaqabunga mancane kakhulu, angama-ovalolate-oval, sparse, okuvumela lesi sitshalo ukuba silondoloze umoya obonakalayo womqhele. Indawo emnyama enesikhumba ikhulisa kuphela ubuhle bamahlamvu. Amagxolo ayakhanga futhi: kancane kancane ushintsha umbala usuka golide uye ube mhlophe, uvumelana kahle nethoni lombala oluhlaza okotshani, obuhle bube yimicu emincane.
AmaSerissa aqhakaza ikakhulukazi ngoJuni, kepha nge-bonsai isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuvame ukuba nzima ukubikezela, futhi ezitshalweni ngazinye kungahluka ngokwemibandela eyamukelwa ngokuvamile. Izimbali ze-serissa zihle kakhulu. Zilula, futhi zinobumba obumnyama, futhi zimhlophe qhwa, futhi zipinki elula. Izici zezimbali ze-serissa zincike ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-bonsai. Noma kunjalo, usayizi omncane wezimbali ezinhle kakhulu nenombolo yazo kwenza kube lula ukubona i-serissa phakathi kwamanye ama-bonsai.
Izinhlobo noma ukuhlukahluka kwe-serissa kusiko lamagumbi akunawo umbuzo. Lesi sitshalo simelelwa kakhulu yizinhlobo eyodwa - i-serissa yaseJapan, noma enephunga ngesimo sayo esiyisisekelo futhi iyodwa yezinhlobo zayo - i-Varigata (i-Variegata), okuthi, ngokuya ngezici zokukhethwa nokuzilima eminyakeni yokuqala, ingavela njenge-yellow-leaved, yellow-green-leaved noma i-serissa ehlukahlukene. .
Uchungechunge lwaseJapan lwe-bonsai.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-serissa yaseJapan ekhaya
ISerissa ingenye yezinhlobo ze-bonsai ezingabizwa ngokuthi yendawo yonke. Kubukeka kukuhle hhayi esifundweni noma egumbini lokuhlala kuphela, kodwa nasekamelweni lokulala, ehhovisi, elondolo, amahholo noma endaweni yokugcina izivakashi. Ubukeka emhle kakhulu futhi emuhle, unekhono eliyingqayizivele 'lokucindezela' imingcele futhi athuthukise umuzwa wesikhala samahhala, ubukeka njengenkanyezi yangempela ngisho nasemakamelweni amancane kakhulu.
Ukukhanyisela i-serissa
I-Bonsai ekhulwe kusuka ku-serissa yaseJapan kumele ihlinzeke ngokukhanyisa okuqinile, izimo ezinzile unyaka wonke, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isizini. Lolu hlobo lwezihlahla alukwazi ukuma ngqo elangeni, kepha ukufakwa kwalo akwemukeleki ngisho nangendlela elikhanyayo. Ebusika, i-serissa ihlelwe kabusha endaweni ekhanyiselwe ngokwengeziwe noma inxephezele ukuncishiswa kwamahora wemini ngokukhanyisela okwengeziwe.
Noma yikuphi ukushintshwa kwendawo ye-serissa - okuhambisana nesidingo sokukhulisa ubukhulu bokukhanya, ukususwa komoya omusha, ushintsho ngaphakathi - kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, kancane kancane, ukuzama ukungenzi ukunyakaza okubukhali (okuhlukile). Ukushintsha indawo ye-serissa cishe njalo kuphumela ekulahleni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yamaqabunga, kepha uma wenza yonke inqubo ngokucophelela futhi kancane, ukunqandeka kungavinjelwa. Ukuqapha okunjalo kuyasebenza nasekuguqukeni isitsha nge-bonsai: kungcono ukungalokothi ulahle i-serissa maqondana nomthombo wokukhanya.
Ukushisa okunethezekayo
Kulula kakhulu ukukhetha umbuso wezinga lokushisa lobu buhle. ISerissa entwasahlobo nasehlobo yaneliswa yizimo ezijwayelekile zekamelo lokushisa ezinamazinga angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Ukhetha ubusika endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-15 degrees Celsius. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi umucu elingamelana nalo ngama-degrees Celsius ayi-12.
Njengawo wonke amabhonasi asendlini, i-serissa ithanda umoya omusha futhi ibuna ngokushesha ngisho nasehlobo ngaphandle kokuyiyisa engadini noma kuvulandi. Kepha ezitshalweni okunzima ukuzigcina emagumbini, i-serissa ayikwazi ukubizwa. Emoyeni omusha, ukhetha ukuchitha izinyanga ezi-3-4 kuphela - ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusuku lidlula ama-degree ayi-12. Futhi lokhu kwanele ukuba akhule ngokujwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sonyaka wonke, imibukiso yochungechunge inikezela umoya omncane ovela njalo, wegumbi ukuze kufinyeleleke umoya omusha ngazo zonke izindlela zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo kulinywe le-bonsai ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kunoma yiziphi izici zokucindezela nezinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa. I-Seriss kufanele ivikeleke emimoyeni enamandla yomoya ngesikhathi sokungena komoya, ingavumeli ukusondela ekushiseni noma kumadivayisi okulawula isimo sezulu.
Ukunisela kweSerissa nomswakama
I-Serissa idinga ukuthambisa okunembile kakhulu nokuqapha njalo izinga lokumiswa kwenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo siyakubekezelela ukugcwala kwamanzi ngokweqile, kepha siphendula kabuhlungu esomeni. Izimpande zalo kufanele zihlale ziswumbala omanzi, kepha zingabi sezingxenyeni eziswakeme. Okwe-serissa, okuvamisile, kepha hhayi ukuthambisa okuningana kukhethwa ngokuokomisa kuphela ungqimba oluphambili lwesitho esiphakathi kwezinqubo.
Ukuhlobisa umqhele we-serissa ngokuqondile kuncike kumswakama womoya. Lesi sitshalo sizizwa singcono ngezinkomba zaso ezandisiwe, ukusebenza kwama-humidifiers noma ukufakwa kwezimpawu zazo. Esikhathini esishisayo, ungafafaza ngokuphepha amaqabunga. Umswakama omncane womoya cishe u-50%.
Ukondla i-serissa enukayo
I-bonsai egeleza kahle yezimbali ifuneka kakhulu ezingeni lezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini. Nge-serissa, ukugqoka okuvama kakhulu futhi okuningi kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba - isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-2 - lesi sitshalo sinikezwa ingxenye encishisiwe yomanyolo noma umthamo we-quadruply-uncishiswe kamanyolo kanye ngesonto.
Kulokhu, izitshalo zenza umanyolo ongajwayelekile impela nge-bonsai - amalungiselelo akhethekile ezitshalo eziqhakazayo noma umanyolo wama-violets.
Uma ebusika i-serissae ihlinzeka ngokukhanyisela emuva futhi igcina izinga lokushisa lomoya lizinzile, khona-ke bayaqhubeka nokubondla, benciphisa ukugcotshwa kukamanyolo ngesigamu. Kepha uma kungekho okunye ukuvezwa, ukondla kufanele kumiswe.
USerissa japonica (uSerissa japonica), owayeyiphunga elimnandi (uSerissa foetida).
Ukuncipha nokubumba
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-serissa ingeyezinhlobo zezihlahla okunzima ukuzilawula nokukhula ngokushesha, idinga ukuthenwa okujwayelekile. I-Serissa yokwakheka kwesakhiwo inqunywa ngokuvama kwesikhathi se-1 eminyakeni emi-2, entwasahlobo elawula amahlumela amancane futhi igcine ukunqotshwa kwe-bonsai. Kepha ungasebenzisa elinye isu: lokuthena i-serissa amahlumela amasha njalo ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, kushiya okungenani amabhangqa amaqabunga angama-2-3 noma unciphise ama-pair amaqabunga ama-1-2 ngemuva kokufakelwa. Ngokukhula okusebenzayo, ukukhula okungathandeki, ukucindezela kungenziwa kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Uma ufuna ukwakha i-silhouette yamagatsha, ahlanganiswe ngocingo lwethusi futhi anikeze isimo esifunekayo. Kepha i-serissa ayikwazi "ukudonswa ndawonye" izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4 ngonyaka, futhi ukugquma kungenziwa kuphela amahlumela amancane. Uma kudingekile, i-serissa ibekezelela kahle ukugawulwa okumi kahle, isitshalo kufanele siqashelwe, ngoba isiqu saso sihlala sandiswa, futhi izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukulawula isimo ngendlela efanelekile.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Serissa kanye ne-substrate
I-Serissa yaseJapan, njengawo wonke ama-bonsai, ayithandi ukufakelwa njalo futhi ihlushwa ushintsho olubuhlungu lwamanani. Isitshalo sitshalwa kuphela njengoba kunesidingo, ngesilinganiso esijwayelekile sesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-3.
Isendlalelo salesi sitshalo sikhethwa phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi okukhethekile kwe-bonsai. Uma unesipiliyoni esanele, ungenza ingxube yakho yenhlabathi ngokuxuba izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi nengxenye eyodwa ye-peat nengxenye eyi-1 yengxube yobumba. Kwi-serissa, ukusabela kwenhlabathi kufanele kube phakathi kuka-4,5 no-5.5 pH.
I-Serissa ikhule ku-ceramic noma epulasitiki, iziqukathi zokuhlobisa zokujula okuncane nevolumu.
Isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kwe-serissa elimnandi siyintwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula.
Lapho ufakelwa, izimpande zesitshalo ezikhulayo zinganqunywa ngokwengxenye, ezilawula umthamo wethambo lobumba. Isu elilungile, ngokuya ngemvamisa yokufakelwa ejwayelekile, ukususa isigamu sesisindo sezimpande ze-serissa. Izimpande kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa amathuluzi abukhali futhi sizame ukugwema ukulimala kwezicubu ezibuthakathaka ezimpandeni ezisele kwesitshalo. Isendlalelo sokudonsa okuphezulu sibekelwa phansi kwethangi. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-serissa ivikelwe ekukhanyiseni okukhanyayo kakhulu futhi inikeze ukunisela okulungile.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-serissa
ISerissa yaseJapan ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezikhuthazela kakhulu ze-bonsai. Kepha ezimweni ezingezinhle, futhi ingahlushwa izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid kanye namhlophe. Ukulimazeleka kwezinambuzane, umlo uqala masinyane ngokwelashwa ngama-insecticides.
Ukuchelela ngokweqile kwe-serissa kuvame ukudala ukusakazwa kokubola. Kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nazo, udinga ukususa izindawo ezonakalisiwe zezimpande futhi usiphathe ngaso sonke isikhathi isitshalo nge-fungicides ehlelekile.
Uchungechunge lwaseJapan lwe-bonsai.
Ukuzala uSerissa
Umuthi "wezinkulungwane zezinkanyezi" ukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ngokusikwa. Ukuze zikhiqizwe kabusha, izingane eziqala nje ukuba ngamapulangwe noma ezisele ngemuva kokuthena izihlahla ziyasetshenziswa. Okungenani amafindo amathathu kufanele aqhubeke nokusikiwe. I-Rooting yenziwa ngaphansi kwehod, endaweni encane yesanti ekhanyayo, kumswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu (cishe ama-degree angama-25), uma kungenzeka anikeze ama-serisses ngokushisa okuphansi futhi.
