Phakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini kunezitshalo eziningi ezihlala zihlala ziluhlaza, ngokuvamile ziyefana ngohlobo lwamaqabunga nomqhele. UMurraya wayezobuyisa kuphela izintandokazi zezimbali ezihlala ziluhlaza, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yokuqhakaza nezithelo, ezivame ukwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye. Izimbali ezinamakha amnandi kumakhompyutha amancane amancane ngemisebe yazo emhlophe qhwa zithathelwa indawo yile amajikijolo amahle abomvu adliwayo. UMurraya uyakhazimula unyaka wonke, ukuheha kwawo kukhula kuphela ngeminyaka. Futhi i-charm engajwayelekile yesitshalo enomlingiswa ocacile waseJapan iguqula leli siko libe umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wezangaphakathi zanamuhla.
I-Murraya paniculata (iMurraya paniculata)UMurraya - inganekwane empunga yaseJapan enamajikijolo aqhakazile
Ummeleli womndeni wakwaRutovy Murraya ungenye yeziteleka ezishisa kakhulu zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukubonakala kwakhe uqobo kufakazela kahle imvelaphi. Lesi sitshalo sivela emahlathini anomswakama futhi athambile nase-East Asia, eCeylon, eNdiya nase-Indonesia. Ubuhle obukhulu bokuqhakaza buthole isimo saso njengesitshalo esikhethekile nesikhethekile. UMurraya ubukeka engenaphutha ngisho nasebudaleni, ulungisa ukuhlobisa okuphezulu unyaka wonke futhi ubonakala eyisitshalo esihle, esihle futhi sihlanzekile ngokweqiniso. Ukubukeka "okuhle" okunjalo akulula kubalimi: ukuphumelela ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo, kufanele uzame ukuphinda wenze imvelo ojwayelekile kuyo. Kepha ubuhle be-murraya bukhokha ngokugcwele kuyo yonke imizamo.
Igama laso lanamuhla murraya (UMurraya) etholakele ukuhlonipha isazi sezimbali esidumile D. Murray, owayephila ngekhulu le-18. Kepha akusathandeki namuhla igama lesidlaliso lakudala lesitshalo - imbali yombusi noma amajikijolo embusi. UMurray uhlotshaniswa nezinsumansumane eziningi namasiko. EJapan lasendulo, iphunga laso lalibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba ababusi kuphela ababevunyelwe ukulijabulela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-murraya ibilokhu ibhekwa njengesitshalo esikhethekile, ihlelo, inikezwe amandla okuthonya ingqondo nempilo. Futhi yize namhlanje uMurraya etholakala kalula, ugcina isimo sesitshalo esiphakeme nesibizayo.
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, kukhula uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-murraya - ukwethuka ukububula (UMurraya paniculata), igama elifana nalo lisathandwa nathi UMurraya wakwelinye izwe (UMurraya exotica) I-Murray - icompact impela, ngisho nasezimweni zemvelo, izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza noma izihlahla ezincane. Kwisiko lasekamelweni, i-murraya ikhula njenge shrub kuphela. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kukhawulelwe kumamitha amabili emahlathini aseMonsoon aseNdiya, kodwa ngokwesiko lekamelo lesi sitshalo siningi ngokwedlula lokhu: izihlahla ezifika kuhafu wemitha ukuphakama zivame ukwedlula izihlahla ezinjenge-murrayi efana nokuphakama kwemitha. Amahlumela kaMurraya amahle kakhulu. Amagxolo acwebezelayo, ngakho-ke isimilo sawo, avela kuphela ngeminyaka, lesi sitshalo kungathi silvery noma siphuzi. Amahlumela amancane anomphetho onwele omncane futhi umbala "ojwayelekile" onsundu awunakubonwa. Kepha lapho ziqala ukukhula, ziba zinhle ngokwengeziwe futhi ziyigugu. Ngezindlela eziningi, kwakuwukushintshwa kwamagxolo abe yi-blue-grey okwenza uMurray abe ngesinye sezitshalo ze-bonsai ezinhle kakhulu.
Amaqabunga obu buhle yi-obovate, eyinkimbinkimbi, epineyini, eyenziwe ngesikhumba, i-obovate, kunalokho kukhulu, kufinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, ama-lobes acwebezelayo. Izingxenyana zamaqabunga zithathwa njengamaqabunga agcwele, ukwakheka kweqiniso okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungabhekwa njengokusondele kakhulu. Esiqongweni samaqabunga omqhele zihlala zikhudlwana kunasemazingeni aphansi (3-5 cm dhidi 1-2 cm). Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu obujwayelekile, amaqabunga e-murraya abukeka kahle kakhulu futhi adala umucu onobuhle obude obufana nobucwebe. Amacembe amaMurray anephunga elimnandi kakhulu; lapho ehlikihlwa, akhipha iphunga elikhumbuza i-lemon ikhasi.
I-Murraya paniculata (iMurraya paniculata).
UMurraya ubukeka ethandeka ngisho nangaphandle kokuqhakaza, kodwa lapho izimbali ezimhlophe zeqhwa elimnandi ziqala ukuqhakaza esitshalweni, zibonakala njengomvuzo wangempela wasebukhosini noma isipho sethemba. Kufinyelela kuphela ububanzi obungu-2 cm, izimbali ezinjenge-funnel ziqoqwa eziqongweni zamahlumela emabhulashini aminyene aminyene noma kuma-scapula inflorescence. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kubonakala kusilika, kukhazimula, ngemuva kwesizinda samahlamvu anele amnyama, kukhazimula ngokoqobo. UMurray ubalwa phakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini ezinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, ezifakwe ezinhlwini ezifanayo ezinama-jasmines ne-Co, ngoba iphunga lezimbali lihle kakhulu ngokweqile (yize egumbini lokulala lingafanelekile, lingangeneka kakhulu futhi lidinga nokubekwa okufanele kwesitshalo kwamanye amakamelo endlu). Iphunga likaMurraya - elimnandi, elihlukile, elikhethekile - ngeke likwazi ukusiphikisa ngesinye isitshalo uma selizwakala okungenani kanye. Kwabaningi, kufana nephunga lejasmine. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ihluke kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi (akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izimbali zikaMurray zaba enye yezinto zokwakha iziqholo ezibaluleke kakhulu).
Kepha ngisho lo mbukiso wokuhlobisa owenziwe nguMurraya awupheli lapho. Ngenkathi lesi sitshalo sakha ngokungakhathali izimbali futhi siqhakaza zonke izimbali ezintsha, kwakheka izithelo ezinjengamabhele esikhundleni sendawo esivele siphelile, esidliwayo kuyo yonke indle. Ukufaka isicelo, kukhazimula, kuze kufike ku-2 - 3 cm ubukhulu, kubukeka njengomhlobiso wangempela. Umbala obomvu okhanyayo ubenza babukeke njengobuhlalu obunethezeka noma amakhorali. Ukuqhakaza kanyekanye nokuqhakaza kweMurraya ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kungahlala cishe unyaka wonke. Uma kukhishwa ukukhanya kwasebusika akunikezwa, khona-ke iMurraya iyaqhakaza kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ukunakekelwa kukaMurraya ekhaya
UMurraya awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ulula ukukhulisa izilimo, kodwa ngentshiseko uyozithoba kubaqalayo. Lezi zitshalo nje zizodinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele, nokungakhathali, okuhlelekile. UMurray akasabeli kahle kokushiywe. Kuzodingeka ukuthi zinikeze umswakama ophezulu, ziqaphe izinga lokomiswa kwe-substrate futhi zibheke ngokucophelela isimo se-greenery ukuthola izimpawu ezincane zokungakhululeki. Kepha ngokunakekela okujwayelekile nokunaka, iMurray izothokozisa abanini amashumishumi eminyaka.
Isibani sakwaMurray
Lezi ezingasoze zabuna zidinga ukukhethwa kwendawo ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kepha okuhlukanisa ukukhanya. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwalesi sitshalo akwamukeleki, futhi kwabakwa-murraya bakhetha izindawo lapho bezovikelwa khona elangeni elishisayo ehlobo. Ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu kungabambezela ukuqhakaza izimbali futhi kwehlise ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ukukhanyisa kuthola ukubaluleka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza: ukuze i-murraya iqhume, idinga amahora angama-12 wemini amahora. Uma izimbali zenzeka ekwindla noma ebusika, khona-ke ukuqinisekisa ukukhanyisa okujwayelekile, iMurrayu kungenzeka inganele ukumane uhlele kabusha efasiteleni eliseningizimu, endaweni ekhanyiswe kakhulu; kepha ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukukhanyisela isitshalo ngamabomu. Indawo efanelekile yalesi sitshalo ithathwa njengokuchazwa kwewashi elisempumalanga nentshonalanga kude namafasitela aseningizimu.
AbakwaMurray badinga ukuguqulwa njalo maqondana nomthombo wokukhanya ukuze balondoloze umqhele wabo ofanayo.
I-Murraya paniculata (iMurraya paniculata)Ukushisa okunethezekayo
Ubunzima ekukhetheni amazinga okushisa aseMurrayam athambile kakhulu. Lesi isitshalo se-thermophilic, lapho izinkomba ezivumelekile kuphela ezinqunyelwe ngokuqinile. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kufaka phakathi ubusika noma izinkathi zezikhathi zokushintshana, izinga lokushisa akumele liwe ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-16, ngaphandle kwamaconsi wesikhathi esifushane nalawa ngokushesha. Ukupholisa usuku noma ngaphezulu kungalimaza isitshalo. Ngokuqondene namanani aphezulu, khona-ke iMurrayam ilungele noma yiziphi izimo zekamelo. Izitshalo zikhula kangcono futhi zibukeka ziheha ngokwengeziwe endaweni ezinzile enamazinga okushisa komoya kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees entwasahlobo nasehlobo kanye nama-degree angama-17-18 ekwindla nasebusika, kepha uMurraya akesabi ukugxuma kuhla lwezinkomba “ezifudumele”.
Ukutholakala komoya ohlanzekile weMurray kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukuphefumula kanti ezinyangeni ezifudumele singakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni ovulekile (ukukhanyisa kuncishiswa kube yisithunzi esilinganayo).
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ukunikeza umbuso ofanele womswakama we-murraya akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Iqiniso ngukuthi emikhakheni eminingi izidingo zomswakama nomoya kulesi sitshalo ziyaphikisana.
Ukukhetha umbuso wokunisela, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze ukukhetha hhayi kakhulu, izinqubo ezithambile, ezinembile ezigcina umswakama ongaphansi komhlaba. Ku-murraya, ukomisa inhlabathi nokulimaza ngokweqile kuyingozi ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa okuningana futhi okungajwayelekile, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka izimo ezingazinzile, akusifanele lesi sitshalo. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa okusesilinganisweni kwenziwa kaningi, ebusika - kuyivelakancane, kunciphisa umswakama wenhlabathi. Ngokusebenzisa i-murraya, ungasebenzisa kuphela amanzi afudumele, athambileko nanamanzi axazululiwe.
Kepha izidingo zomswakama zomoya ziyahambisana nesimo sezitshalo ezivela emahlathini aseMonsoon. I-Murraya idinga amazinga aphezulu omswakama, asekelwa kangcono izindlela ezihlangene. Ukufafaza njalo ukufakwa kwama-humidifiers we-koshift noma uhlobo lwezezimboni kufanelekile kusitshalo. Kepha kungcono ukubahlanganisa bonke ndawonye ukudala indawo ekhula ngokuqinile. Esigabeni sokuqhakaza nezimbali, umswakama womoya ubaluleke kakhulu: endaweni eyomile, impova ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo futhi izithelo zingaqali.
Njalo ngesonto, amaqabunga esitshalo kumele ahlanze uthuli noma ukufudumala okufudumele.
I-Murraya paniculata (iMurraya paniculata)Ama-Murray Fertilizer
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukushintshwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic, kepha umanyolo womhlaba wonke ungasetshenziselwa izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ukugqokwa kukaMurraya phezulu kwenziwa kuphela kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Imvamisa yezinqubo isebenza ejwayelekile, kanye njalo emavikini ama-2.
Isihlahla sikaMurraya
Lezi zitshalo zithathwa njengezamasiko ngokubukeka okuhle. Kepha akulona nje iqiniso ukuthi bavame ukuba yinto yokuhlolwa kobuciko be-bonsai kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze lezi zitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza zasendlini zibukeke zisebenza kahle, kufanele zisikwe ngokufanele futhi zihlale zigcina umqhele ohlanganisiwe ngohlaka olufunayo. UMurraya uvame ukunqunywa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo, ngemuva kobusika, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Amahlumela afushaniswa aze afike ku-1/3 kuya kwengxenye emagatsheni amade. Ukucwilisa (ukukhula ngaphakathi) kanye namahlumela owonakele kususwe kahle. Ezitshalweni ezincane, ukwakheka nokukhula kungalawulwa ngama-props, ukubopha, njll.
Ukufakelwa kukaMurraya ne-substrate
Lapho ukhetha ingxube yenhlabathi yokulima i-murraya ekhulayo, kungcono ukunikela ngokuthanda izintatshana zomhlaba eziqukethe ishidi, isod, umhlabathi we-humus nesihlabathi (uma uzixuba leli banga elingaphansi kwakho, bese unciphisa inani le-humus ngesigamu). Kukhethwa ukusabela okuncane kwe-acid kwe-substrate. Kulesi sitshalo, ungasebenzisa ukuxuba komhlaba okwenziwe ngomumo ngezilimo zezithelo zomdiliya.
Imvamisa yokufakelwa kukaMurray ibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukudluliselwa esitsheni esisha kuphela lapho kuvela isidingo, ngemuva kokuba izimpande zisimboze ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba. Lo mthetho uyabonakala ngisho nangokububula okuncane kakhulu. Abantu abadala bangahle bangadingi ukufakelwa iminyaka engu-2-2 kuya kwengu-5, kuya ngejubane lokukhula kwabo. Ingaphezulu lithathelwa indawo minyaka yonke.
Umthetho oyinhloko wokudlulisa i-murraya ukungalokothi ujulise intamo yezimpande. Ngaphansi kwethangi kubekwe amanzi aphakathi nendawo noma amakhulu, kungcono ukugcina isigaxa sobumba ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokudalula izimpande, kepha umane udlulisela i-murray ethangini elisha.
I-Murraya paniculata (iMurraya paniculata).
Izifo zikaMurray nezinambuzane
Izinkinga ngalesi sitshalo zivela kuphela ngokuphulwa okukhulu kokunakekelwa nokuphambuka ezimweni ezikhulayo. Iningi lezinkinga uMurraye zibangelwa izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nezinambuzane ezikala kakhulu, ezingase zihlanganiswe zombili izindlela zamakhemikhali nezemishini (imvamisa ukugeza amaqabunga ngempendulo efike ngesikhathi).
Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhuleni iMurraya:
- ukuphonsa ama-peduncle emoyeni owomile;
- ukuvela kwamathiphu ansundu emaqabungeni emoyeni omanzi onganele;
- kuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ukushintshwa kombala kuphuzi ngokudla okunganele noma ukusebenzisa amanzi kanzima;
- ukomiswa kwamaqabunga, izindawo ezomile elangeni eliqondile.
I-Murray propagation
Lesi sitshalo esihle kangaka akulula kangako ukusivelisa.
Indlela engabizi kakhulu ukusungula izimpande, kodwa ukuze uphumelele, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze izimo ezishisa ngempela futhi uzinzile, umswakama ongaguquki we-substrate nomoya ngaphansi kwehod. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika iMurraya intwasahlobo. Lapho ukusika ukusika (iziqongo zazo zamahlumela ezinde ubude obungu-7-20 cm), kubalulekile ukufinyeza amaqabunga ngesigamu. Izitshalo zitshalwa ezitsheni ngazinye ngemuva kokukhula kwezithelo, kodwa kancane kancane zijwayela izimo ezijwayelekile.
Imbewu yaseMurrayu isatshalaliswa kaningi, le ndlela ibhekwa njengeyinzima, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenzisa imbewu esanda kuvunwa (ngokufanele, ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu ikhishwe kuma-amajikijolo asesithelo). Kepha ungazisebenzisa kungakapheli unyaka ngemuva kokuqoqwa ngamaphesenti aphansi wokuphumelela. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyaluleka ukufaka izithombo ngamanzi afudumele. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye ezitsheni ezincane ukuze ungashona. Imbewu itshalwe endaweni yonke noma enkulukazi yokuhlunga ngokujula okulingana nosayizi wayo, ngemuva kokuncibilikisa inhlabathi futhi uqiniseke ukumboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Ukuvela kwezithombo kuzodingeka kulinde inyanga, kunikeze umswakama womhlabathi ozinzile nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Izinga lokushisa lifana nalawo anconyelwe ukusikwa kwe-mizizi. Kepha uMurraya uzokwazi ukuqhakaza ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4 (kungcono ukungatheli izithelo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izitshalo zisekude nosayizi abalungile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zakha amaqabunga ambalwa nje). Iphathwe emabhodweni, ikhulisa ubukhulu bayo ngo-2-3 cm, i-murrayi encane kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-substrate yangaphambilini ibe kahle kahle.
