Wonke umuntu uyazi lesi sitshalo esihle esiphansi, esokuqala ukuba siphile ngemuva kobusika emasimini. Okokuqala, isithwathwa seqhwa sidedela amaqabunga ambalwa, futhi ngokushesha izimbali zaso ziyaqhakaza ngezinsimbi ezimhlophe eziphuma. Amaqhwa noma iqhwa lasentwasahlobo awazesabi. Futhi manje, izinsimbi eziningi ezimhlophe zihlobisa ingadi ... Uma imibhede yakho yezimbali ingakabi nazo iziqhwa zeqhwa, qiniseka ukuyitshala. Bayoba ngabokuqala ukumemezela ukuthi intwasahlobo isifikile. Futhi ukutshala nokunakekela amaqhwa eqhwa akuyona neze inkimbinkimbi. Kule ncwadi, sizokwabelana ngemininingwane yokukhula kwamaqhwa eqhwa.
Izithwathwa zeqhwa.
Ukuchazwa kwesitshalo
I-Snowdrop, galanthus (lat. Galanthus) - uhlobo lwamakhambi zisetshenziswa umndeni wama-Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllidaceae).
Uhlobo luhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo eziyi-18 ezivame ngohlobo lweCentral and Southern Europe, eCrimea, iCaucasus ne-Asia Minor. Iningi leqhwa, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-16, zitholakala eCaucasus. Inani eliqondile lezinhlobo zezitshalo ngokuvamile alikho. Iqiniso ngukuthi izitshalo zezitshalo ngokuvamile azivumi ukuthi isitshalo esitholakele singabangelwa uhlobo olusha noma uma sehluke kakhulu kubamele abaziwayo.
Isithwathwa esineqhwa sinamaqabunga amabili aqondile, ama-10-20 cm ubude, abonakala ngasikhathi sinye ngama-peduncle. Izimbali azishadi, zibunjiwe njengensimbi. I-perianth emhlophe enamaqabunga ayisithupha: ezintathu zangaphandle zibunjiwe noma zenziwe nge-obovate, zangaphakathi zinombala obunjiwe, ngaphezulu kukhona ibala eliluhlaza okotshani, ngaphandle noma kwe notch.
Njengomthetho, izimbali zeqhwa zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, kepha elibuthakathaka. Izithelo - amabhokisi ayindilinga ayinyama enezitho ezintathu, lapho kugcinwa khona imbewu emnyama embalwa. Imbewu inesithako esinamanzi ukuheha izintuthwane, ezisusa imbewu futhi zisakaze izitshalo.
Amalambu wesithwathwa seqhwa ayi-ovoid noma acwebile. I-bulb yiqembu elihlangene lesikali esikhulu (amaqabunga aguquliwe), atshalwe kwisisekelo sobukhulu esivamile - phansi (isitashi esilungisiwe). Esikhathini somqondo wesikali, kubekwa ama-buds amancane, anikeza ama-bulbs endodakazi. Isikali esingenhla sinciphile, somile, sivame ukuba mnyama futhi sivikele isibani emonakalweni.
Isibazi seqhwa ngokwaso sisebenza ukunqwabelana izakhi zomzimba ukuze lesi sitshalo siphile ngezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo siphumule. Ukuthula kungahlala izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ngonyaka, futhi isitshalo sikwazi ukuqhakaza ngokushesha ngomzuzu wokuqala ofanele. Isibani seqhwa simbozwe ngesikhumba esikhanyayo noma esinsundu.
Ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonke abameleli bohlobo lwama-snowdrops bayizitshalo ezivikelwe, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ezingandile seziseduze kokuqothulwa, futhi ungazindisa ngokukhula kusiko.
Isithwathwa seqhwa sathola igama lokuthi amandla esitshalo aphume emhlabathini futhi aqhakaze ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga efudumele yokuqala lapho iqhwa lincibilika kancane. Igama lesiLatini le-snowdrop, "Galanthus", kuthiwa linezimpande zamaGrikhi, okusho "imbali yobisi". Mhlawumbe, umbala omhlophe qhwa weqhwa wabonakala kuleli gama.
Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana namaqhwa eqhwa. Omunye wabo uthi ngenkathi uNkulunkulu exosha u-Adamu no-Eva ePharadesi, kwakukhona ubusika Emhlabeni futhi kwakuneqhwa. U-Eva wehla izinyembezi waqala wakhala. Wakhumbula kabuhlungu amasimu afudumele epharadesi. Ukuze amduduze, uNkulunkulu waguqula iziqhwa ezimbalwa zeqhwa zaba izimbali zeqhwa. Ngakho-ke izimbali zokuqala eMhlabeni, mhlawumbe, zazingamaqhwa eqhwa ngokunembile.
Isithwathwa.
Ukutshala amaqhwa eqhwa
Isikhathi esihle sokuthenga nokutshala ama-bulbs nguJulayi-Septhemba, lapho izitshalo ziphumule. Nge ekwindla ende futhi efudumele, isikhathi esivunyelwe sokutshala sisuka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Emakethe yama-amateur, ama-snowdrops avame ukuthengiswa eziqhakaza, okuyinto engalungile kakhulu kubo: ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, amaqabunga ayabuna, aphenduke aphuzi, bese afa ngokuphelele. Kepha u-anyanisi, yize ebuthakathaka, uhlala ephila. Kuliqiniso, ngonyaka olandelayo izitshalo ezinjalo ziyaqhakaza buthaka noma zingaqhakaza, kodwa nokho azife.
Khetha u-anyanisi onempilo
Uma uthenga ama-dormant ama-snowdrop bulbs, kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sawo. Kufanele zibe mnene futhi zibe nesisindo, ngamagobolondo alondoloziwe, ngaphandle kwezimpande neziqu ezihlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, izimpande kanye neziqu ezikhulayo namanje zivunyelwe, isibani esinjalo kuphela okufanele sitshalwe ngokuphuthumayo. Ukuncishiswa ku-bulb kuyamukeleka, kepha kuse esikalini kuphela. Ama-Donets akufanele alimale, futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanxeba awomile futhi awathinteki ekubunjweni.
Ngisho nama-bulbs apex acutshisiwe (izingxenye ezingenhla zesikali), kepha i-donut engaqondile nezinso, ziyaqhubeka zisebenza. Musa ukuthenga kuphela ama ephukile futhi crumpled. Izindawo ezithambile ezansi noma ezinhlangothini, ikakhulukazi igobolondo elihlikiwe, zibonisa ukubola. Izinhlamvu ezibolile zesithwathwa seqhwa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba zelaphe.
Amabhu weqhwa awakubekezeleli ukoma isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukungazigcini emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, futhi uma kungenzeki ukuthi uzitshale, bese uzithululela ngokhuni, ukushefa, njll, uzifake esikhwameni sepulasitiki esine-cosmetical. Ngale ndlela, bavame ukudayiswa futhi bagcinelwe izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Izici Zokufika
Amabhule atshalwe njengomthetho ojwayelekile: enhlabathini evulekile ekujuleni okulingana nezinhlamvu ezimbili, enhlabathini esindayo - kuya ekujuleni kokukodwa. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, hhayi amancane kuno-5 cm. Ama-Snowdrops ngokwawo alawula ukujula kokutshala. Uma batshalwe bakhulu kakhulu, bakha isibani esisha ku-peduncle, kakade ekujuleni abakudingayo. Ngokuvamile, ukugcinwa okuqinile kokujula kokutshala kwama-anyanisi amancane kungakhethwa. Ngokuma nje okushonile emhlabathini, ama-bulbs eba mancane, kepha akha izingane ngenkuthalo, futhi lapho ujule, eba mkhulu.
Indawo: embozwe kepha ifudunyezwe yilanga, ngenhlabathi enamanzi amahle; lapho kudluliswa izilwane zasendle kukhethwa indawo ekhanyiselwe ngokwengeziwe.
Izinga Lokushisa: isiko lokuqina ebusika.
Inhlabathi: akhule kahle emhlabathini onamanzi owanele, oxegayo futhi omile ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-humus noma umquba. Iphakeme, yomile futhi iphansi, ngokuqina kwamanzi, ama-snowdrops awabekezeleli. Inhlabathi enobumba obukhulu idinga ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi.
Ukunisela: Ukunisela izitshalo ezincane ngemuva kokuhluma; bese sinisela kuphela uma kunemvula encane.
Izithwathwa zeqhwa.
Ukunakekelwa kweqhwa
Amaqabunga eqhwa akufanele anqunywe aze afe ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-inorganic. Umanyolo onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu akumele. Kungcono uma bezoba ne-potassium nama-phosphates amaningi. Inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lidala ukwakheka ngokweqile kwamaqabunga, okuthi esimweni sezulu esimanzi kube yisisekelo sezifo zokukhunta. IPotassium nayo inomthelela ekwakhekeni kwama-bulbs anempilo, ebusika kanye ne-phosphorus abalulekile ikakhulukazi ekuqhakazeni izimbali.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, u-anyanisi omncane uphuza amanzi amaningi. Imvelo ivame ukunikeza ukuthambisa okwanele ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa uma ubusika bungakhanyi iqhwa noma intwasahlobo iba yoma, kuyofanele unisele izitshalo kumhlwanyeli ngokwakhe. Ukunisela amaqhwa eqhwa akuwona neze umthwalo omkhulu, amelana nesomiso futhi ngeke afe nganoma yisiphi isimo. Khula kuphela ophansi.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa imbewu, ungakhohlwa ngazo. Esikhathini esizayo, ama-snowdrops awadingi ukunakekelwa kuze kube kuphela isizini. Kodwa-ke, bayakwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke kuqala ukwenziwa kwesimo.
Ukusakazeka kweqhwa
Izitshalo zisakazeka ngokuqhakaza, zikha amabhuleki amaningi noma amabili ehlobo. Okusebenzayo ikakhulukazi yiqhwa eligoqiwe leqhwa: kukhiwa ama-bulbs ama-3-4 kuwo. Ama-snowdrop atshalwa ngemuva kokushona kwamaqabunga ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izitshalo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sezimbali cishe njalo ziyafa. Ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha, kepha ama-snowdrop akhula kahle endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokufakelwa futhi isikhathi eside.
Ukuzala kabusha okunokwenzeka kweqhwa nembewu. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngqo enhlabathini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, kanti izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka we-4-5. Etshalwe otshanini ngaphansi kwesihlahla sezihlahla nezihlahla, zikhiqiza ngokuzitshala.
Ama-snowdrops engadini yensimu
Ama-Snowdrops ahlobisa kakhulu ngamaqembu amakhulu, hhayi kuphela ezivandeni zamatshe, kodwa futhi ayindlela “yamakhaphethi” ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahlana emthunzini okhethiweyo oyingxenye, kanye nangendlela yotshani obumhlophe phakathi kotshani. Izimbali ezincane zeqhwa leqhwa zingama emanzini isikhathi eside, futhi uma zihlelwe ngeziqeshana ezilula zekristalu, zibukeka zihle futhi zibonisa.
Kungcono ukutshala ama-snowdrops ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane, izingcezu eziyi-10-30 lilinye. Okubi ngale mibala kungukufa kokuqala kwezingxenye zasemoyeni. Kepha kuyanqotshwa kalula engadini yezimbali, lapho kukhethwa ukuthi kugcinwe izitshalo ezibekezelela umthunzi futhi zingakubekezeleli ukoma ngesikhathi sokuwa.
Ama-snowdrops atshalwa phakathi kwezihlahla zamaphayona akhula kancane anamaqabunga anamahlamvu, isibonelo, umgcini, ama-peonies. Zibuye zigcwalise ngempumelelo iminyaka yamuva esekhula. Into esemqoka ukuthi amaqhwa eqhwa kufanele akhanyiswe ngesikhathi sokukhula okungenani ingxenye yosuku.
Ukuze ulingise amakhona emvelo emvelo ezingadini nasemapaki, ngokuvamile ama-snowdrop atshalwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahla eziqhakazayo, azibeka ohlangothini olukhanyisiwe. Ekuphumuleni, bangakwazi ukubekezelela noma yimuphi umjondolo. Kungcono ukungawatholi amaqabunga awele ezihlahleni: izitshalo ziwubhoboza kalula entwasahlobo, futhi aziphazamisi nakancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga eqhwa abolile awumanyolo wemvelo omuhle, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, agcina umswakama ophezulu ongaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, amaqabunga ephazamisa, kufanele asuswe ekwindla ukuze angalimazi izitshalo ezikhule kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ama-snowdrop anconyelwa ukuthi atshalwe ukuze kwakheke amaqembu okuqala okuqhakaza ethunzini ahlanganiswe namakhophi, amadada aqanjiwe, ama-corydalis, ne-primrose. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-snowdrops ekutshaleni okuxubile okuphakathi kwama-perennials aphakathi nendawo amade futhi akhula kudala: ama-ferns, i-hosta, i-peonies.
Amaqhwa epaki.
Izinhlobo zama-Snowdrops
I-Galanthus iqhwa (imhlophe qhwa) - Galanthus nivalis. Ikhula endle eningizimu yengxenye yeYurophu neRussia, eCaucasus, eYurophu naseMedithera. Isithombo esinamandla, isithombo sentwasahlobo sokuqala kwentwasahlobo emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka siba ngama-10 cm ubude I-bulb iyindilinga, ifinyelela ku-2 cm ubukhulu. Ukusakazeka kuze kufike ku-12 cm amade. Izimbali ziba zodwa, kufinyelela ku-3 cm ubukhulu, ngephunga elimnandi, eligoqiwe, elimhlophe elinendawo eluhlaza emaphethelweni ezintini. Izigxobo zangaphandle zibubende, ezingaphakathi zimise okomugqa, zincanyana kunezangaphandle. Iqhakaza ngaphambi kwawo onke amaqhwa eqhwa, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, cishe izinsuku ezingama-30.
I-Caucasian Galanthus (iqhwa) - uGalanthus caucasicus. Ikhula indle eCaucasus naseNyakatho Iran. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga aphansi, aqondile, anamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude. Ukujikeleza kufinyelela ku-10 cm amade. Izimbali zimhlophe, zingu-2-2,5 cm ubude no-1.5 cm ubukhulu, nephunga elimnandi. I-Perianth lobes enebala eliluhlaza ekugcineni kwamaphayini. Iqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli amasonto amabili. Izithelo ngokungahambisani. Ifihla phakathi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo yokukhosela. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1887.
IGalanthus (iqhwa) ligoqiwe - Galanthus plicatus. Isilo sivame ukukhula eCrimea. Isiphelo seCrimea neMoldova. Omunye wabamele abakhulu bohlobo. Kushiya ekuqaleni eziqhakaza eziqhakaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kamuva - licwebezelayo, luhlaza okotshani. Ukujikeleza kufinyelela ku-16 cm amade. Izimbali 2.5,5 cm ubude futhi zifinyelela ku-4 cm ubukhulu. Blooms ngoMashi 20-25 izinsuku. Ama-Ovoid bulbs afinyelela ku-3 cm ubukhulu. Amacembe agcinwa ngamandla elanga kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni, bese efa.
I-Galanthus (i-snowdrop) ebanzi - i-Galanthus plathyphyllus. Emvelweni, kukhula e-Western nase Ntshonalanga Transcaucasia. Enye yamaqhwa ethembisa kakhulu yendawo enyakatho. Kushiya ngaphandle kobumba obunamabala. Izimbali zingaba ngu-3 cm ubude futhi zifike ku-4 cm ubukhulu, ngephunga elimnandi. Iqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli inyanga. Ama bulical Conical noma ovoid-conical, 5x3 cm.
IGalanthus (iqhwa) Elves - Galanthus EIwesii. Imvelaphi yase-Asia Minor. Lesi yizinhlobo ezinde ezinama-peduncle awo angafika ku-15-25 cm. Amaqabunga ale zinhlobo abanzi, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-2 cm, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zimhlophe, zikhulu, ziyindilinga. Iqhakaza ngaphambi kweqhwa leqhwa, ngoFebhuwari.
IGalanthus (iqhwa) iVoronova - iGalanthus woronowii. I-bulb enobubanzi be-3 cm, enezikali zangaphandle eziphuzi. Isiqu sinobude obungu-20-25 cm, sibunjiwe kancane, amaqabunga ayalingana, aqinise kancane, abe nokuqina lapho kufana ne-apex, okuluhlaza okotshani, ekuqaleni okuluhlaza, ubude obuyi-20-25 cm, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isiqu sikhula bese sihlanganiswa (amafolda ahlanganiswa ngaphandle kweqabunga). Iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari-Mashi, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle - ngoJanuwari. Amaqabunga avela kanyekanye ngezimbali. Ikhula emahlathini ezindawo ezisezintabeni eziphansi neziphakathi kweTranscaucasia - isuka eTuapse iye eBatumi iya phambili nogu lolwandle lwaseTurkey, kanjalo nasezintabeni. Ikaria ku-Aegean.
Izithwathwa zeqhwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-snowdrops
Amagundane kanye nezimvukuzane. Bangalimaza ama-firedrop ngokumba imigodi yabo ngaphansi komhlaba. Amagundane, ngaphezu kwalokho, angavele aqhumise ama-bulb wonke afake imisele yawo. Amabhulebhu alinyazwa ngamagundane kwesinye isikhathi abola, njengoba kufakazelwa ukukhula okubuthaka kanye nokubonakala okucindezelayo kwesitshalo entwasahlobo. Lapho-ke izinhlamvu zesithwathwa seqhwa ziyasikwa futhi zisike izingxenye ezibolile, zifafaze le ndawo eyonakele ngomlotha bese ishiya ivulekile amahora amaningi ukuze isilonda some.
Ungazivikela kumagundane uma ungashiyi amasobho otshani noma amakhethini waphakade kude ne-3 m ukusuka emibhedeni, lapho la magundane engahlala khona. Ngaphezu kwama-3 m amagundwane awasuki esidlekeni. Uma ilungiselelo elinjalo le-landings lingenakwenzeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke izicupho. Okwezimvukuzane - ngokuya ngemiyalo, kumagundane ezemifino - ngeheji yemifino.
Amaqhubu Butterfly nezimfene zabo. Amacimbi acwebile grey wezimvemvane ze-scoop nawo onakalisa ama. Zitholakala futhi ziqoqwe ekwindla, ngesikhathi ukhula, lapho zilungiselela ukubhula.
Slug. Ngaphansi kwama-slugs angahlala ezinhlabathini ezinothile noma ezisindayo zobumba. Ukuze ubasuse, kuyadingeka lapho utshala ukuze uzungeze isibani seqhwa esinengqimba sesihlabathi esihlanganayo noma usebenzise ikhambi elikhethekile lama-slugs.
I-bulode ye-nematode. Lesi isibungu esincane esincanyana kakhulu esihlala emhlabathini kanye nezingxenye ezifile zezitshalo. Kungathinta nama-bulbs bukhoma. Kuvela izicubu eziphuzi emaqabungeni esithwathwa seqhwa ngasemaphethelweni wesakhiwo esingajwayelekile, indandatho emnyama iyabonakala esigabeni se-bulb ehlukanisa ingxenye enempilo nengxenye ethintekile. Kulokhu, izitshalo ezinesifo ziyachithwa, zonke ezinye ziyakumbiwa bese zimanzi amahora angama-3-4 emanzini ashisayo afudumele: 40-45 ° C. Futhi endaweni engenalutho, iminyaka engu-4-5 elandelayo, ama-bulbs awatshalwa.
Amagciwane. Kuphuzi okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo emaqabungeni esithwathwa seqhwa eduze kwendawo engalingani, engaphezulu yeshubhu noma ukusonteka kwabo okungekhona okungokwemvelo kukhombisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kungcono ukusheshe ubhubhise isitshalo esithintekile ngaphambi kokuba sibe ngumthelela wokutheleleka kwabanye. Kepha, njengomthetho, amagciwane awangeni ezinhlanyelweni, ngakho-ke ungavele uphulukise izinhlobo ezithintekile ngokuzala kabusha.
Izifo zokukhunta. Amamaki ansundu noma amnyama kumaqabunga eqhwa, iqhwa elinobumba obumfushane, ovame ukubonakala esimweni sezulu esifudumele futhi esimanzi ezingeni lomhlabathi, bese esukuma ephakeme futhi akhule, kukhombisa ukubonakala kwesifo sokukhunta: ukugqwala kanye nokubumba okungwevu. Izingxenye ezithintekile kufanele zinqunywe futhi zishiswe, futhi izitshalo ezinesifo kufanele ziphathwe ngama-fungicides ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwemiyalo.
I-Chlorosis Ukuphathwa kwamaqabunga eqhwa eqhweni ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-bulb, ukugula, ukudonsa kahle kwezimo noma izimo ezikhulayo, hhayi ukuntuleka kwanoma yikuphi umsoco emhlabathini.
Ingabe unamaqhwa akhula engadini yakho? Silangazelela impendulo yakho kanye namathiphu wokukhulisa lezi zitshalo ezinhle!
