Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi kuyinto i-orchid oncidium (I-Oncidium). Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezihlukahluka zombili nangaphandle nangokukhula. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezikhetha ukukhula emithini eluhlaza, ezinye zikhula emahlathini afudumele futhi anomswakama aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, futhi kukhona lezo ezitholakala kuphela eziphakemeyo ezintabeni. Kulokhu, ayikho imithetho ethile ethize yokunakekela lesi sitshalo, kanye kanye nzalo yawo. Esimweni ngasinye ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomzali ovela kuhlobo oluthile lwabazali. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni ama-orchid anjalo ukukhethwa kombuso wokushisa ofanele, ukubekezelela kwabo isomiso kanye nezimpawu zesikhathi sokushisa.
I-Oncidium ihlukile kuma-phalaenopsis ngoba inamathele kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku, futhi ithanda ukukhanya. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo ama-epiphytes futhi ayakwazi ukuhlala ngisho nasematsheni. Kulokhu, abakubekezeleli umswakama okweqile wesistimu yezimpande.
Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi ama-oncidiums emvelaphi yaseDashi ngokwengxenye enhle kakhulu futhi awadingi izimo ezikhethekile zokugcinwa kwama-nzalo. Zilula ngokwanele ukuba zikhule ekhaya futhi ngasikhathi sinye ziyaqhakaza kahle. Kufanele futhi ufunde kabanzi nge-cumbria - igama elinjalo lama-orchid e-hybrid livame ukuhweba. Lezi nzalo zitholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo ze-oncidium, kanye nama-oncidiums. Le nzalo ibuye ibe nokuzithoba.
I-Oncidium hybrid esitolo sezimbali kulula ukuyihlukanisa. Une-peduncle enemigqa emide nenobude obusezingeni eliphezulu, lapho kunenqwaba khona encane, efana nonodoli noma amabhu, izimbali. Njengomthetho, zipendwe nge-brownish ephuzi noma ebomvu. Imbali inama-pseudobulbs amaningana aqweqwe. Futhi kuwo amaqabunga amade amancanyana asuka, asongwe ngesimo sesikejana. Ngokuvamile kuthengiswa kukhona ama-nzalo anjengalawa:
- Ushukela omnandi (I-Onc. Aloha Iwanaga x Onc. Varicosum) - iyona ethandwa kakhulu futhi ibonakala ngokungazethembi kwayo, inezimbali eziningi ezincane eziphuzi;
- Qhafaza (I-Onc. Cheirophorum x Onc. Ornithorhynchum) ziyinzalo yesayizi ecwebile, zinezimbali ezincane ezinephunga elimnandi (ezingafika kumamilimitha ayi-15), okuncike ezinhlobonhlobo, ezingadwetshwa ngophuzi, omhlophe noma obomvu.
- USharry baby (Onc. Jamie Suttonx Onc. Honolulu) - lolu chungechunge lunezimbali eziningi ezincane ezinephunga elinamandla lekhekhe noju, futhi ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zingaba nombala obomvu, onsomi omnyama noma onsundu.
Esitolo, kufanele ukhethe isitshalo esinama-pseudobulbs okungenani ama-3 avuthiwe. Kulesi simo kuphela, imbali ethengiwe iyokhula futhi ikhule njengokujwayelekile. Uma i-oncidium inama-pseudobulbs angaphansi kwama-3, khona-ke ukugeleza esiqeshini esinjalo esitolo kuvuselelwa ngokwenziwe, kuthi lapho isikhule ngaphakathi endlini, kuvame ukudala izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma ama-pseudobulbs encibilike kancane, khona-ke lokhu kuvamile impela. Lapho uthenga, kufanele futhi unake uhlelo lwezimpande. Izimpande kufanele zikhanye ngombala. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi kancane (ingabi yomile futhi ingagcwali). Uhlelo lwezimpande lusebenza kabi ekugxambeni kwamanzi emhlabathini, kanye nasekushayeni ngokweqile, okuhlala isikhathi eside. Uma kukhona amabala ansundu kulawo amahlamvu, khona-ke kungcono ukungathengi izitshalo ezinjalo.
Nakekela i-orchid oncidium ekhaya
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakela isitshalo osisanda kusithenga, kunconywa kuphela njengendawo yokugcina, ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlelo lwezimpande selubolile (kungcono ukungathengi imbali enjalo). I-orchid enjalo iba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kokufakelwa, ngakho-ke le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu njalo ngeminyaka eminingana, ngokwesibonelo, uma isakhi sendawo sesivele saba njengothuli noma uma imbali enkulu yande embizeni.
Isitsha esisekuhleni akufanele sisetshenziselwe ukutshala, ngoba ayikho i-chlorophyll ohlelweni lwezimpande futhi ngakho-ke ayidingi ukukhanya kwelanga. Kungcono ukukhetha ibhodwe eliphansi nelibanzi ngokwanele. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isitsha sinosayizi ojwayelekile, ingxenye it yayo kufanele igcwaliswe ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho imbiza igcwala amanzi amasha, kusetshenziswe amagxolo ezihlahla ze-coniferous, futhi kuyodingeka nengxenyana enhle kune-phalaenopsis. Abalimi abanolwazi baphinde batusa ukuthulula inani elincanyana lezingcezu zamalahle, kanye ne-sphagnum moss.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-oncidium isitshalo se-sympoidal. Ngokungafani phalaenopsis, okuyinto monopoidal futhi has 1 iphuzu lokukhula kuphela, inamaphuzu wokukhula amaningana ahlanganyela i-rhizome efanayo. Ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane kuqondiswa endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Kulokhu, itshalwa eduze kolunye lwezinhlangothi zebhodwe, iguqulela ama-pseudobulbs amadala odongeni. Lokhu kukhulula isikhala samahlumela amancane. Uma kukhona amahlumela amancane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kufanele abhekiswe enkabeni yesitsha.
Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ujule isisekelo sembali. Ngakho-ke, ama-pseudobulbs akufanele afakwe emhlabathini futhi adinga umoya omncane. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, kuphela uhlelo lwezimpande okufanele lungcwatshwe enhlabathini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isitsha kufanele sigcwaliswe ngenhlabathi cishe size phezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho i-orchid izoba nomoya omncane. Ama-pseudobulbs amadala akufanele anqunywe, ngoba, naphezu kweminyaka yawo, asondla imbali. Kuyadingeka futhi ngokucophelela ukuthatha izisekelo ze-pseudobulbs, ngoba lapho ususa izikali ebusweni bazo, amahlumela amasha, kanye namahlumela ezimbali, avame ukulinyazwa.
Isibani
Lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi futhi ngokuvamile sivumela imisebe yelanga eqondile. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuyiwumba umqhele elangeni elihangayo lasehlobo. Izinga lokukhanya lingashintshwa ngokunaka umbala wamahlamvu. Ngakho-ke, uma kuluhlaza obumnyama, khona-ke ukukhanyisa kunqabile. Futhi uma amaqabunga eluhlaza okotshani futhi ebusweni bawo kunamaphoyinti amancane abomvu wokushiswa, khona-ke isibani sikhulu kakhulu. Uma izinga lokukhanya likhethwe kahle, khona-ke amahlamvu azo azoba umbala ohlaza ojwayelekile.
Lesi sitshalo, uma kunesidingo, singabekwa efasiteleni lokubonakala kwenyakatho, kepha ukuvela kwalo kuleli cala akufanele kulindelwe. I-Oncidium idinga ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi kusungulwa ama-pseudobulbs asemasha, kanye nangesikhathi sokubekwa kwezimbali eziqhakazayo. Esimweni lapho lezi zinqubo zibonwa ebusika, kunconywa ukunikeza ukukhanya ngama-phytolamp.
Imodi yokushisa
Izitshalo ezi-Hybrid zivame ukukhula futhi zikhule ekushiseni kwama-degrees ayi-14-26. Uma igumbi lishisa kakhulu, isitshalo siyoyeka ukukhula. Kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu ekushiseni kwansuku zonke (cishe ama-3 noma ama-4 degrees).
Umswakama
Imbali ngokuvamile ayibekezeleli umswakama ophakeme kakhulu efulethini. Umswakama onconyiwe ungamaphesenti angama-40. Udinga ukuthambisa amahlamvu kusuka ku-sprayer ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi yokushisa. Ngobusika obupholile (ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-18), i-oncidium ayinamanzi. Naphezu kwesikhathi sonyaka, imbali idinga umoya omncane omuhle. Iqiniso ngukuthi emoyeni omile onezifo eziphezulu zomswakama ungakhula.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani. Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza kuzoba kuncike ekutheni unisela imbali kahle kangakanani. Ukuze izimbali zizinze, kuyadingeka ukulandela umbuso wokunisela, okufanele uhambisane nezigaba zokukhula kwezimbali. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula (lapho kuvela ihlumela elincane kusuka phansi kwe-pseudobulb) nangaphambi kokuba i-pseudobulb iqale ukwakheka (ihlumela lizoqina ngokuqina), ukunisela kufanele kube ngokuhlelekile futhi kube kuningi. Ochwepheshe beluleka ngokunisela lesi sitshalo ngokuntywilisela imbiza yezimbali emanzini afudumele, avikelwe kahle. Ukunisela kuyadingeka kuphela uma i-substrate yomile kahle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye "isikhathi esomile" akufanele sibe isikhathi eside. Mayelana nokuthi umhlabathi omile ungahlulelwa kanjani ngesisindo sesitsha esinezimbali. Akumele unisele i-oncidium ngokuphelele ngohlelo, ngoba ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo inhlabathi ingoma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, futhi ekwindla elinemvula kuzothatha indawo ecrescent.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokubona ukuthi kwakhiwa i-pseudobulb entsha, ukunisela imbali kufanele kumiswe, kungenjalo ukuqhakaza izimbali ngeke kwenzeke. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3-4, kuzovela i-peduncle, ekhula kusuka phansi kwe-pseudobulb entsha. Uma uqinisekile ukuthi le yi-peduncle, ungaqala ukuchelela i-orchid futhi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuphele nangaphambi kokuqala kokukhula kwe-pseudobulb entsha, ukuchelela kufanele kube kuningi. Esimweni lapho kukhula khona ihlumela elincane lemifino, hhayi umdwebo, lokhu kusho ukuthi kwavela izinkinga ngalesi sitshalo. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokudangala futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwesitshalo okungafanele. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho imbali inama-pseudobulbs angaphansi kwama-3 futhi ayinawo amandla okwenza i-peduncle.
Uma isitshalo sikhula ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, bese siqhakaza kanye ezinyangeni eziyi-8 ukuya kwezingu-12. Uma kunenombolo enkulu yama-pseudobulbs, i-oncidium ingaqhakaza kaningi.
Ama-pseudobulbs aqoshwe phansi angaqapheleka. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo kungahlotshaniswa nezifo noma ukuthambisa kabi. Bangakwazi ukugcwala lapho ihlumela elincane liqala ukukhula. Amahlumela anjalo awanalo uhlelo lwawo lwezimpande, ngakho-ke i-pseudobulb yomama iyondla, ngenxa yalokho ukuqubuka kwenzeka. Uma ukhulisa ukuchelela, lokhu kuzokhuphula ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande kuphela, kepha i-pseudobulb ngeke isize. Futhi, i-pseudobulb ingoma ngesikhathi sokuwa, futhi nangezimbali.
Umanyolo
Zondla isitshalo kuphela lapho amahlumela amancane eqala ukukhula. Ngemuva kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwama-pseudobulbs, ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo enhlabathini kuyema. Udinga ukuqala kabusha ukondla kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-peduncle iqale ukukhula futhi iqede ngemuva kokuvulwa kwimbali yokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho ukugqoka phezulu kuqala kuphela ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kwehlumela elincane. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubhekana kabi nosawoti wenhlabathi. Kulokhu, ukugcotshwa kukamanyolo kumele kuncishiswe. Futhi futhi kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukufaka umquba amahlamvu, ngoba lokhu udinga ukuwuthambisa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo kusuka ku-sprayer. Kulokhu, ukugcotshwa kukamanyolo kunconywa ukuthi kuncishiswe izikhathi eziyi-10 ukusuka kumthamo onconyelwe kwiphakheji.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ezimweni zasendlini, i-orchid enjalo ingasatshalaliswa ngokutshala ngokwehlukanisa ikhethini. Ungahlukanisa kuphela isitshalo esinama-pseudobulbs okungenani ama-6. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Delenka ngayinye kufanele okungenani ibe namahlumela ama-3 (kuphela okunjalo okusebenzayo). Ukudubula okungaphansi komhlaba kusikwa ngommese obukhali kakhulu, bese kuthi ukusikwa okuphumayo kuqhutshwe namalahle aqoshiwe. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlukaniswa, kuyadingeka ukuvumela inhlabathi yome ngokuphelele, futhi ngemuva kwale nqubo, ukuthambisa akwenziwa kwamanye amasonto angama-1-1,5. Ngalesi sikhathi, isilonda kufanele some.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-oncidium ethengiwe kufanele inikezwe amasonto ama-4, kufanele ihlolwe.
I-mealybug ivame ukulinyazwa. Uma ebusweni bamahlamvu ubona izikhala ezimhlophe zifana kakhulu noboya bekotini, lapho-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcoba ukotini ku-alcohol bese ususa izinambuzane ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho, feza ukucutshungulwa yi-Actar.
Isihlangu esikalini singavuthwa futhi. Amachaphaza afana namaconsi e-wax avela ngaphezu kwamahlamvu namahlumela. Ama-thrips kanye ne-aphid nawo angahlala. Kulesi simo, ama-aphid angabonakala ngeso le-nqunu, futhi ama-throws kunzima kakhulu ukukubona, futhi ukutheleleka kungahlulelwa ngokuvela kwemithi yesiliva ebusweni behlamvu, kanye namaphoyinti amancane amnyama ayimbumba yezinambuzane.
Ebusweni kwesikhala sesicabucabu, kufakwa amachashazi amhlophe, bese kuvela iwebhu yesigcawu. Futhi imvamisa i-flat tick ihlala, amahlamvu kuleli cala aguqula umbala abe mhlophe-isiliva. Ithikhi le-anyanisi lingashaya uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nesisekelo amahlumela ezinhlobo ezibuthakathaka. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwethikhi lilwalwa ngendlela efanayo nangesixha sesicabucabu.
Ingangenwa yisikhunta nokubola kwamagciwane. Uma kuvela amabala ansundu kulawo amahlamvu, izindawo ezithintekayo kumele zisuswe. Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga umoya omncane omuhle, phakathi kokunisela inhlabathi kumele yome cishe ngokuphelele. Futhi imbali enjalo kufanele ibekwe endaweni efudumele, futhi akufanele ugeze noma ufafaze amaqabunga. Phatha nge-fungicides e-systemic (i-foundationazole, landela imiyalo), kanye ne-anti-spectrum antibiotic (tetracycline, thela amanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2). Isitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo esikhishwe bese sinisela inhlabathi ngaso. Imbali etholwe ngokuphelele akufanele ibe nezindawo ezintsha isikhathi eside, ngenkathi ezindala akufanele zande.
