Izigidi zabalimi be-amateur bavuselela amaqoqo abo ngezihlahla ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-blueberry engadini, ukutshala nokunakekela okudinga ulwazi olukhethekile, kufanelekile ukuba yindawo yokubukisa yekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha ngempumelelo okuhlukahlukene futhi ulungiselele inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okuthe xaxa, kubalulekile ukufaka umquba emhlabathini, kanye nokunisela amagatsha. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa inqubo yokusakazwa kwesiko. Konke lokhu okufihlakele kufanele kucatshangwe.
Ikhula kuphi?
Emvelweni wemvelo, i-dropsy (elinye lamagama ama-blueberries) itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamathubuli nase-tundra. Eduze kwayo, i-stupefying rosemary nama-blueberries ngokuvamile ahlala. Isici esibonakalayo salezi zindawo singumhlabathi oswakanyiswe ngokwanele, yize ehlobo kufanele kufudumezwe yilanga. Izifunda ezivame kakhulu lapho ama-blueberries akhula khona eRussia yilezi:
- ISiberia
- I-Ural;
- ICaucasus;
- EMpumalanga Ekude
- Altai.
Njengoba leli bheri elisenyakatho lidingeka kakhulu, amasimu alo ancipha endle. Mayelana nalokhu, izakhamizi zezifunda zase-Arkhangelsk, eMoscow, eVologda kanye naseLeningrad, kanye naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi naseKarelia, zilwela ukukhula ngendlela emibi emapulazini abo. Noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezilungele ezinye izifunda. Ukutshala ama-blueberries esifundeni saseMoscow futhi unakekele kunezici ezithile.
Embhedeni ngamunye, kuyadingeka ukutshala kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungafinyelela isivuno esiphezulu.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene ngesifunda
Isimo esikhulu sokuchuma kwesitshalo ubusika obuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga lezimpophoma zamanzi kufanele lingamelana nezifo, kanye nesomiso esingenzeka. Lapho ukhetha, kubalulekile ukubheka isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo (ekuqaleni noma kwaphakathi). Lokhu kuzovumela ukuvuna ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka (ngoJulayi, Agasti). Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-blueberries zilungele isifunda saseMoscow:
- Duke;
- I-Blucrop;
- Patriot
- EThoreau;
- Bluray.
Isikhathi esikahle sokutshala isithombo ezweni eliseduze kwaseMoscow sithathwa njengentwasahlobo. Ukuthi ama-buds ayengenaso isikhathi sokuvuvukala, ekugcineni kunomthelela ekuvumelaniseni isithombo kwisimo esisha. Kungalesi sikhathi sonyaka lapho ukutshala nokunakekela ama-blueberries engadini kuzoba okuphezulu kakhulu. Yiqiniso, kokwehla kungenziwa ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Okthoba (inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa), ukuze isitshalo singabandi.
Isihlahla esisanda kutshalwa kumele sivikeleke ekubandisweni. Kungcono ukuyisonga ngokucophelela uma iqhuma ngenkathi yehlisa izinga lokushisa. Okuyikho kokufika ekwindla.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Yize i-berry likhula kuyi-tundra, kufanelekile ukukhetha indawo enelanga futhi evulekile kuyo. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma eduze kwezihlahla ezinde - akuyona inketho enhle yama-blueberries akhulayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithelo zichotshoziwe, ukunambitheka kuzoba ne-acidic ethe xaxa, futhi isivuno sizokwehla amahlandla ama-3.
Indawo akufanele ikhethwe ngetafula lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile - cishe isigamu semitha. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba uzoba umanzi ngokulinganayo. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe acidic. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukala izinga le-pH. Okujwayelekile yimikhawulo ukusuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-5.5. Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi kufanele yenziwe ivundiswe ukuze i-shrub ikhule.
Njengomenzeli oxidizing, sebenzisa i-colloidal sulfure (kuze kufike ku-60 g), phosphoric noma citric acid. I-Ammonium sulfate kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa. I-substrate ithululelwa izinyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokutshala futhi kwahlanganiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezingenawo umoya. Kungaba uthango noma uthango lwezitshalo zomhlobiso kuzoba yisiphephelo sakho. Umhlaba wokutshala izihlahlana kufanele ukhululwe, ugcwale umoya-mpilo. Ngemuva kwalokho kubalulekile ukusabalalisa kahle izithombo zama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engadini ukuze ubanikeze ukukhula okuthe xaxa nokukhiqiza kabusha. Abalimi batusa okulandelayo:
- Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-75 noma ama-130 cm.
- Ibanga lemibhede ukusuka komunye nomunye liyimitha ezingama-2-3. Umhlaba wamahhala ungambozwa ngokhuni lwesihlabathi.
- Ukujula komgodi kungamasentimitha angama-50. Kufanele wenziwe ngesikwele ngohlangothi lwama-60 cm.
Inhlabathi enobumba idinga amanzi. Amabhasi atshalwe emigqonyeni kusuka endaweni engaphansi elungiselelwe. Ungmba imisele (ububanzi - 1,2 m, ukujula - 0.80 m) bese uyimboza ngefilimu: ngokuphelele noma kuphela izindonga. Uma izinto zihlala phansi, khona-ke ukusikeka komsele kwenziwa endaweni eyihafu yemitha. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngenhla ngomswakama. Futhi, lapho kukhula ijuba ezweni, kufanele kudale izimo zokuphila zemvelo zalo. Ukunisela ekuseni nakusihlwa kuletha ixhaphozi shrub elilodwa i-iota eduze nezwe lakubo. Kepha kulokhu, udinga ukulinganisela ukuze umswakama ungagxili.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, beka isitsha esinezithombo emanzini imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 ukuthambisa umhlabathi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhipha isitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
Inhlabathi kanye nemininingwane yokufika
Umdabu wase-marshy tundra akawuthandi inhlabathi ejwayelekile engadini noma engadini yeSifunda SaseMoscow. Kodwa-ke, iyaphila ngaphandle komthungo ezweni elichithekile futhi ayidingi umanyolo we-organic, humus noma umquba. Okwamanje, abalimi kusafanele benze inhlabathi yama-blueberries ngezandla zabo, ehlukile ekubunjweni engadini evamile.
Ngaphansi kwefossa eyakhekile, kufanele kukhishwe amanzi akuma-chip noma amagatsha kaphayini. Ngemuva kwaloko kulungiselelwe umugqa ophansi, ohlanganisa okulandelayo:
- ingxube ye-sphagnum (i-moss, ukhuni, nemfucumfucu yesitshalo) kanye ne-peat;
- izinaliti ze-humus;
- isihlabathi;
- sawdust;
- umhlaba wehlathi.
Isigamu salezi zinto zokutshala zingxube ze-peat. Zonke ezinye izinto zengezwa ngamanani alinganayo futhi zihlanganiswa. Isendlalelo esincane sithululelwa emseleni futhi sigcwaliswa ngamanzi amancane. 
Isihlahla sitshalwe emhlabathini, phambilini siqondisa izimpande. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ihlale emhlabathini ngamasentimitha ayi-6-10.
Thenga izithombo ezifanele labo asebefinyelele eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu yobudala.
Ekuphetheni, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla inyathelwa kancane futhi iniselwa. Kuyasiza ukubeka i-mulch kusuka ku-sawdust ezungeze isiqu. 
Ukuphakama kwesendlalelo cishe kungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ama-Aisles nawo ambozwe ngotshani. Lokhu kuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zingashisi ngokweqile futhi zome, ngoba i-mulch ayivumeli umswakama ukuba uvele. Kungcono ukuthi uphathe iziqu nomqhele ngama-fungicidal agents, njenge-prophylaxis emelene nezinambuzane (isikhunta namagciwane).
Ukufihlakala kokunakekelwa
Ekuqaleni, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe njalo futhi zikhiphe ukhula ukuze kungabi khona ukugcwala. Isizathu salokhu uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lwempande.
Indawo ebalulekile ekunakekelweni ihlala ithatha izihlahla. Kudingeka isivuno esizinzile nesikhulu. Kufanele iqale ngonyaka we-5 ngemuva kokutshala, futhi ichithe yonke intwasahlobo. Kuyadingeka ukusika amagatsha ukuthi:
- qina isihlahla (asondele entanyeni ye-basal);
- bafinyelele eminyakeni engu-6;
- eqandisiwe ebusika (imvamisa kakhulu ihlumela).
Vele, entwasahlobo kubalulekile ukwelapha i-shrub nge fungicides (ngokumelene nesikhunta nezifo) kanye nama-insecticides (ngokumelene nezinambuzane). Ngalesi sikhathi, abalimi bafaka umanyolo besebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali acijile:
- potassium sulfate;
- i-superphosphate;
- usawoti we-ammonium we-sulfate acid.
Lezi zimali kumele zihlanjululwe ngamanzi. Nge-10 l ye-ketshezi, i-50-100 g eyodwa yomanyolo iwa. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuzijwayela ngemiyalo ngayinye yazo.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isitshalo, udinga ukuhlola isithombo. Amagatsha namagxolo kufanele ngaphandle komonakalo, futhi izimpande kufanele zivalwe ngokuphelele (esikhwameni noma esitsheni).
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azivimbeli iqhwa, kodwa ochwepheshe balulekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo ekwindla, kusinikeza ukulungiselela okuhle ebusika. Ngokushesha lapho kudlula iqhwa lokuqala:
- enyakazela amahlumela emhlabathini;
- lungisa amagatsha ngamabakaki noma ngocingo;
- bopha nge-agrofibre noma nge-burlap.
Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa izinto ze-polyethylene ezindaweni zokukhosela. Lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka, i-microclimate enomswakama idalwa ngaphansi kwendlu yokukhosela. Kudutshulwa inyamazane futhi ekugcineni ife.
Ehlobo, ama-blueberries adinga uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Izinsuku ezingama-7, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amalitha angama-20-30 amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye, kuya ngokushisa komoya. 
Kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi phakathi kukaJulayi no-Agasti, ngoba amahlumela wombungu wonyaka olandelayo abekwa kulezi zinyanga. Ukushoda komswakama kunciphisa isivuno.
Ukuzala
Izinkulungwane zabalimi zijwayeza ukukhulisa izihlahla ezinhlwanyelayo ezivela ezinhlanyelweni ekhaya, kodwa lena inqubo ende. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha izithelo ezivulekile ngaphandle kokubola nezimpawu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ibe yikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho basebenza ngokuya ngale algorithm:
- yomile futhi igcinwe emazingeni okushisa angama-0 + 5 ° C;
- otshalwe entwasahlobo enhlabathini thawed (efudumele) kuya ekujuleni kuka-1.5 cm;
- zimboza nge-mulch - amaqabunga, sawdust kanye ne-peat;
- imibhede ejwayelekile enamanzi ne-fluff.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala kusuka onyakeni wesi-2. Lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu yobudala, kudingeka sidluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-blueberries asatshalaliswa ukusikwa, kepha ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukubuka amavidiyo alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Le ndlela esheshayo nethembekile. Amagatsha okuvuna (cm 8-15 cm) ngamahlumela kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sichithe amaqabunga awo. Entwasahlobo, basikwa ukuvusa izinso. Ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe ngisho, izinso zokuqala kusuka ku-apex zisebangeni le-2 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izihlahla ezisikiwe zigcinwa izinsuku ezingama-30 esiqandisini (t = 0 + 5 ° C). Lokhu kuzosheshisa inqubo yentuthuko. Nge-angle engu-90 ° atshalwe enhlabathini ngomuntu ogawulwe, owenziwe ngokushesha ngaphansi kwinso. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukufafaza onqenqemeni nge-powder for rooting. Umsebenzi onjalo ungenziwa ku-greenhouse.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela izithombo njalo. Ungakha i-canopy kusuka kwifilimu embozwe nge-spanbond ukudala umswakama ophezulu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, susa i-hut, uphinde udlulise izihlahla zokusika.
Ngomshini onjalo wolwazi ngokutshala nokunakekela ama-blueberries engadini, ungathola isivuno esicebile futhi uthokozise umndeni wakho ngokuphatha okunjalo okuhle.
