I-Azalea isihlahla somhlobiso esihle sinezimbali ezinkulu ezinhle zohlobo olujwayezwe njengotshani lweqembu elikhulu lengadi iRhododendron. Lesi sihlahla sathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo eziqhakaza zasendlini ngenxa yesigqoko esikhanyayo nesiqhakazayo, esinezimbali ezinhle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Futhi bloom azalea zasendlini ebusika, lapho ikhithika ngaphandle, iwela iziqu ezingenalutho zamagatsha ezinye izihlahla. Kumele uvume ukuthi ukubuka kusihlwa esidabukisayo isihlahla sezimbali ngokuqinisekile kuyokujabulisa futhi kuvuse namanothi entwasahlobo kunoma yimuphi umuntu. Ukukhetha okuningi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zegumbi azalea Rhododendron kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isitshalo esinezimbali ezinamaphiko, ephindwe kabili noma egcwele imibala yanoma imuphi umbala.
I-Azalea ngaphakathi: isithombe nencazelo
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga i-azalea yegumbi yokutshala, khona-ke udinga ukuhlela ukunakekelwa kwezimbali okunekhono ekhaya. Izithombe zezinhlobonhlobo zama-azaleas, ezingabukwa ngezansi, zingakusiza ukhethe ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokudalwa kwangaphakathi. Uma uthenga isihlahla esitolo, bese unaka uhlobo lwamaqabunga, akufanele kube noma yiziphi amabala, ukulimala kanye nezinye iziphambeko. Khetha isihlahla esiningi sezimbali ezingabhincelwanga.
Ungafakeli isitshalo endlini size siphele. Ezweni lethu, izihlahlana ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu ngokukhula ekhaya, njengoba azalea yaseJapane ne-indian. Lapho uhlobisa umklamo ongaphakathi, izitshalo ezifana:
- i-phalaenopsis orchid;
- i-pelargonium (ngokwesibonelo, i-geranium yasebukhosini);
- i-tuber begonia.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zaleli bloplant eziqhakaza ekuqaleni kobusika. Izinhlobo ezifika sekwephuzile, njengomthetho, ziqala ukuqhakaza ngoFebhuwari, futhi kamuva ngo-Ephreli. EJapan, i-azalea iwuphawu lobufazi, ngoba lesi sitshalo kuleli lizwe siyisakhiwo saso esifanekisela njengesihlengo senjabulo sowesifazane ezweni lethu. Ezithombeni eziningi, lezi zimbali zibukeka njengezihlahla ezincane ze-bonsai. Izitshalo ezincane zithandwa kakhulu lapho zakha izinto ngezitayela ezahlukahlukene ze-bonsai.
Isihlahla seBonsai
Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezimbali zikhethiwe ukwenza i-bonsai: I-Rhododendron impediteum ne-factor. Kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukwakha umqhele ezinhlotsheni zaseJapan zama-satsuki amhlophe, afana ne-kaho, aikoku, hakurei, wakaebisu, kinsai. Izihlahla ezenziwe ngesitayela se-Cascade sikaKhan Kengai zibukeka zizinhle kakhulu, kulokhu ukwenyuka kwesitshalo akuhambi ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlaba ebhodweni. Empeleni, lezi zihlahla ze-bonsai zibukeka zihlanganiswa ne-krasulov esivamile kithi - "Izihlahla Zemali".
Uma ufuna ukwakha isihlahla se-bonsai kusuka kusitshalo esisha se-azalea, kuzodingeka usike ngentshiseko amahlumela iminyaka eminingana, uvuselele ukusika ukwandisa ububanzi besiqu esikhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwakheka komqhele kwenzeka, okwenziwa kuwo izihlahla zokuhlumela kahle futhi ezibuthakathaka.
Ukwakha umqhele oqabulayo owadingayo njalo kuncipha amahlumela amancane izihlahla, ezingashiyi amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-7 egatsheni. Ukuze unikeze umuthi isitayela esidingekayo, udinga ukulandela indlela yokukhula kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kokuthenwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamahlumela, kusetshenziswa indlela yokwelula ngentambo kanye nophethiloli, kanye nokugoqa amagatsha ngocingo. Kepha akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi izinkuni zalo muthi ziqinile futhi ngasikhathi sinye zibunjiwe. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlela ukwakhiwa kwe "mini-miti", sincoma ukuthi unake lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zezimbali zasendlini, ezifana ne-dracaena Marginal no-ficus Benjamin, zibukeka zihambisana ne-bonsai azaleas Rhododendron.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Azalea
Indawo nokukhanya
Indawo enhle yokutshala lesi sitshalo sill ebheke empumalanga noma phansi ume eduze nefasitela. Lesi sihlahla sibuye sizizwe sithokomele eduze kwamafasitela anendawo esenyakatho neyasentshonalanga, kodwa lesi simo kumafasitela aseningizimu asithandeki. Setha imbali kude nemisebe yelanga ngqo, ngoba iyonakalisa kuyo. Esikhathini esishisayo, kufiseleka ukuthi i-sutra nantambama ihlukanise ukukhanya okuvela elangeni kulesitshalo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlela umthunzi ohlukanayo. Thatha isihlahla ngaphandle ehlobo, kepha kude nelanga elishisayo.
Ukushisa
Uma ufuna ukubona ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo sakho, kufanele ulandele ukubusa okuqinile kokushisa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa le-17-19C lintofontofo kuma-azaleas, kepha ekwakhekeni kwama-buds we-inflorescences nama-buds owadingayo yehlisa izinga lokushisa ibe ngu-9-14C. Inketho enhle ngukudlulisa imbali kuvulandi okhanyayo ngemuva kokuvulwa kohlelo lokushisa. Abanye abalimi bapholisa umoya ozungeze lesi sitshalo nge-air conditioner, okwenza isimo sezulu sidinge ukugeleza kwesihlahla. Ehlobo, kuyadingeka futhi ukugcina lesi sitshalo kude nokushisa. Inketho enhle kakhulu yi-19-22C.
Umswakama womoya
Lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-55%) unyaka wonke. Imvamisa ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokufaka i-humidifier yomoya. Ungafafaza futhi izimbali nsuku zonke ngamanzi apholile. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi amacembe we-azalea angambozwa ngezindawo ezimnyama ngemuva kokuthola amanzi, ngakho-ke, ukuze ancibilikise umoya ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ungafaka isitsha samanzi eduze kwale mbali ukuze usikhiphe.
Ukunisela
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa kuphela ukuma namanzi athambile. Amanzi e-acidify amahle kakhulungokungeza amakristalu ambalwa we-citric acid nge-litre. Ehlobo, ungafaka imbiza egcwele ngesitshalo ebhafini eligcwele amanzi ukuze izimpande zithole inani elifanele loketshezi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlama yomhlaba lapho izalea ikhona Uma usuka isikhathi esithile futhi kungekho muntu wokuwunisela, khona-ke faka imbiza nalesi sitshalo edreyini elikhulu elinobumba olumanzi olumanzi.
Inhlabathi nomanyolo
Ukwakheka kokutshala ama-azaleas kudinga ukukhethwa i-acidic (pH 3.9-4.6). Abanye abalimi basebenzisa umhlaba we-heather ukutshala, kodwa ingxube eyenziwe ngomhlaba womhlaba we-Azalea nayo iyafaneleka. Benza nengxube yomhlaba wepayini, isihlabathi kanye ne-moss (3: 1.5: 1.5). Phansi ebhodweni, qiniseka ukubeka isendlalelo sedonselage kusuka kunhlabathi ebunjiwe neyandisiwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu:
- ekwindla nasebusika, ngesikhathi sezimbali, zondliwa nge-superphosphate kanye njalo emavikini ama-2;
- entwasahlobo nasehlobo singeza ngeheho njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-azaleas yibhodwe lezimbali eliphansi noma imbali yezimbali. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa okokuqala ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa isihlahla ebhodweni ngokucophelela ngokucophelela nangesikhathi sinye ngenhlama yomhlaba, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zinqwabelana futhi zintekenteke. Lapho ufaka, udinga ukunquma - susa amagatsha omisiwe, amahlumela nezimbali. Thela inhlabathi entsha ngokulinganayo nangobumnene emaphethelweni we-coma yodaka.
Izihlahla
Ukuze wakhe umqhele omuhle weRhododendron, udinga ukunitha izimbali ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ungaziginyi. Ngesikhathi sokuthena, amagatsha abuthakathaka futhi aqine kakhulu asuswa ngokuphelele, futhi amahlumela anonyaka ayenziwa amafushane. Ukuthena ama-azaleas okuqala kwenziwa ngoMashi, kanye ne-azaleas esekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Izihlahla ziba ngumqhele omuhle wezimbali enamahlamvu aqhakaze izimbali. Ngiyakwazi yenza umqhele wezimbali ngesimo sesihlahla kungaba ngesimo sesihlahla esincane.
Uma udinga ukwenza isihlahla esivela ku-azalea, khona-ke udinga ukuphina phezulu amahlumela aseceleni, kanye nesiqu - kubude obuyi-12 cm ukusuka ezingeni lomhlaba. Kokukhula kwezitshalo ezifanayo, udinga ukuveza imbiza ngezikhathi ezithile ngasikhathi sinye.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza isihlahla buhlukile kunketho engenhla. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha igatsha elihle kakhulu futhi elinamandla esihlahleni, unqume okusele. Kuleli gatsha sizokwakha isiqu. Udinga ukuphina phezulu lapho isiqu sikhula size sibe usayizi oyifunayo. Lapho-ke isihlahlana sesihlahla sizokuhluma. Ukwakha umqhele wesihlahla sokubukeka okuyindilinga, udinga ukucindezela amahlumela aseceleni ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izimbali
Lapho wenza amazinga okushisa nawomswakama aphezulu adingekayo ekuqhakaza kweRhododendron, isihlahla singakujabulisa ngemibala ekhanyayo izinyanga ezimbalwa. Uma ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo kwenzeka ngokwephulwa kwemithetho, khona-ke isikhathi sezimbali ngeke esadlula amasonto ambalwa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, qiniseka ukuthi ususa zonke izimbali ezomile.
Ukuzala
Le mbali ingasakazwa:
- ukwehlukaniswa kwesihlahla;
- ukusika;
- ngokugoma;
- imbewu.
Ukuhlukahluka kokuzala usebenzisa imbewu, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa abalimi ukulungisa izici zezinhlobonhlobo nokutshala okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Abathandi abalula bezimbali zasendlini basakaza lesi sitshalo. ukwehlukaniswa kwesihlahla nokusebenzisa ukusika.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Isitshalo esidala sihlukaniswe ngobunene ezingxenyeni eziningana ukuze singonakalisi izimpande ezingaphezulu. Amabhasi ahlukanisiwe atshalwa ezitsheni zesayizi edingekayo ngenhlanganisela entsha yomhlaba.
Izimbumbulu. Sika usayizi wesitishi esiqinisiwe 6-7 cm entwasahlobo. Indawo yokusika kumele ifakwe emgudwini wempande yokuvuselela izimpande bese itshala izithombo ezisikiwe emhlabathini (peat noma pine floor) ekujuleni kuka-2 cm. Izisiki kufanele zivalwe ngengilazi, ezihlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ziniselwe. Impande isekelwe enyangeni.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-azalea
I-Fusarium fungus
Izimpawu: amaqabunga omile futhi alahlekelwe yizwi lawo ngenxa yokutheleleka ngomhlabathi omusha ngemuva kokutshala noma ngenxa yokulimala kwesitshalo.
Ukwelashwa: ekuqaleni kuyadingeka ukuthulula nge-foundationazole, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuyiphathe ngesixazululo se-antibiotic futhi ngemuva kwalokho ngesixazululo esilula se-manganese.
I-Chlorosis
Izimpawu: amabala aphuzi enza emaphethelweni nasemaphethelweni amaqabunga (njengomthetho, i-chlorosis ivela ehlobo). Phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga, kungabonakala amabala anombala ophuzi onobuthi.
Ukwelashwa: i-foliar bait iron ne-magnesium sulfate.
Septhemba
Izimpawu: ekuqaleni, amabala amabala ansundu akhuphukile kumaqabunga athile. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, amaqabunga ayoma futhi awe.
Ukwelashwa: phatha imbali ngesixazululo esingu-1% seBordeaux nsuku zonke izinsuku eziyi-14.
Izihlangu zamanga nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngezinga
Izimpawu: Ifomu lesigaxa elinsundu liba ngamaqabunga kanye namagatsha esitshalo. Izinambuzane zidla ijusi lembali namaqabunga omile.
Ukwelashwa: Okokuqala udinga ukusula ngokuphelele i-azalea ngesiponono esithambile ngesisombululo se-soapy. Ngemuva kokucubungula imbali ngesisombululo esingu-0.20% se-actellik, i-actara noma i-karbofos.
Umhlonyane
Izimpawu: emagatsheni, emacembe nasezimbali zeRhododendron, izinambuzane ezincane ezimise okwamaqanda ezigoqela ukugoqa ufulawa. Izimbali ziwohloka futhi zibune ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa: geza imbali ngamanzi afudumele, wesula ngokuphelele amaqabunga namagatsha ngesiponji esithambile. Ngemuva kokuphatha imbali ngesisombululo sika-Actellik.
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Izimpawu: ezansi kweqabunga, iziqu zezinambuzane ezincane zensimbi emhlophe noma ephuzi, kanye ne-cobweb encane, ziyabonakala. Amacembe esitshalo ahlahle, aphenduke aphuzi bese omile.
Ukwelashwa: okokuqala udinga ukusula ngokuphelele i-Rhododendron ngensangu ngesisombululo se-soapy, bese uhlanza ngaphansi kwamanzi afudumele. Uma ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile uphinde ubone izinambuzane, phatha imbali ngesisombululo esikhanyayo se-Actellik noma i-Actara.
I-Mite Tarzanemus
Izimpawu: ngaphandle kwengilazi ekhulisayo, kunzima kakhulu ukubona izinambuzane ezitshalweni. Umsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane ubonakala lapho izimbali zikhanya, amaqabunga aqothuka, nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenzeki ngendlela yesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa: Sula nsuku zonke ngesisombululo sokhuni lomlotha (Ukwenza ukumiliselwa: hlanganisa amagremu angama-250 omlotha wokhuni ngamalitha amaningana amanzi axazululwe, akuchithe usuku bese uxubha nge-gauze).
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakwa okufanele, ungakwazi ukujabulela ukujabulela izimbali ezinhle kakhulu nezimbali ezinhle ze-azalea zeRhododendron cishe nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka: kokubili ehlobo nasebusika - ngokubhekene nesendlalelo sewindi eliqandisiwe elihlotshiswe ngephethini nezihlahla ezingenalutho emgwaqweni.
