I-Peach isiko lakudala, indawo yokuzalwa yalo ebhekwa njengasenyakatho neChina. Amahlathi aphambili aphezulu wepichezi agxilwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwendawo nezifunda ezifudumele zeCaucasus, amazwe aseYurophu nawase-Asia. ENingizimu nakwezinye izindawo eziphakathi nendawo isiko le-peach lingene engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Njengamanje, kune-peach boom yangempela. Abalimi abaningi bathanda ama-petshisi kuma-apricots. Amapentshisi aqine ngokwengeziwe emafraneni okubuya entwasahlobo. Izinzuzo z peach zingafaka futhi ukutholakala kokuthola isivuno esigcwele ngefa lezici zomama (ezinkulu-izithelo, ukunambitheka kwe-pulp, iphunga, njll.) Lapho kusakazwa ngembewu.
Isihlahla seperesi ngezithelo.
Mayelana nezinzuzo ze-peach
Inyama emnandi futhi emuncu, enyosi enoshukela yepelesi, ithenda futhi iphunga, ayimnandi nje kuphela, kepha futhi iyelapha. Lezi zithelo ziphakeme ngamavithamini, ushukela, i-pectin nama-organic acid, kufaka phakathi i-quinic, i-tartaric, i-citric kanye ne-malic. Ama-pectins nama-antioxidants avikela umzimba ekuguga. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini we-B, A, PP, K, C, E, uhlu olukhulu lwamaminerali, kufaka phakathi i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron, ithusi, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-zinc, i-fluorine, i-manganese, i-selenium, i-silicon, i-chlorine, i-phosphorus, i-aluminium, isibabule, kunomthelela ekumelaneni nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-anemia. Odokotela banquma ijusi le-peach lesifo se-anemia kanye nenhliziyo, izifo zesisu, i-neurodermatitis, i-asthma, umkhuhlane nezinye izifo eziningi. Iodine equkethe izithelo peach isiza ukuguqula indlala yegilo, ebhekelela amasosha omzimba. Amafutha we-peach atholakala ezinhlanyelweni, ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezimonyo nemithi.
Kafushane ngezici ze-botanical z peach
Izingadi noma izinhlobo ze-peach ezitshaliwe, ezivela ku-peach ejwayelekile (Persica vulgaris), zikhula ikakhulukazi ezindlini zasehlobo. Lezi yizinhlobo zezihlahla noma zezihlahla zezihlahla zezithelo zaphakade. Imvamisa ama-3 - 4 metres ukuphakama, kepha izinhlobo ngazinye zingakhula zibe yi-8-9 m. Uhlelo lwe-peach izimpande alungeni ngaphezu kwe-60-70 cm emhlabathini futhi ngakho-ke isivuno sidinga ukuthambisa esimweni sezulu esomile nesishisayo.
Amagatsha anamathambo omqhele we-peach anendawo enkulu yokuphambuka esiqwini esikhulu, esivimbela ekwakhekeni komqhele osabalele. Lesi sici kumele sibhekwe lapho utshala izitshalo. Amapentshisi awathandi ukuqina.
I-Peach ingeyeqembu lezitshalo ezinqunywe impova, idinga umlingani. Ukuthola izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezweni, udinga ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukuthathwa kwezithelo kuqala onyakeni wesi-2 - 3 futhi kuthatha iminyaka engama-20 ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo z peach ngazinye zifinyelela isisindo esingu-150-200 g wemibala ehlukene (kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi no-orenji) nombala wezithelo zezithelo - kusuka kumhlophe, opinki, ophuzi onesihlathi esinemibala kuya ku-carmine obomvu. Lapho utshala izinhlobo ezihlukile z peach (ekuqaleni, phakathi, sekwephuzile), izithelo ezintsha zingatholakala kusuka kuJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Impilo yeshalofu yezithelo inqunywa yimpahla yezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha ayihlukile ngobude besikhathi.
Ngezici zemvelo, amapetshisi ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili.
- Amapentshisi angempela ahlukaniswa ngezithelo ezithambile ze-pubescent. Isici esibonakalayo kungaba ukwahlukanisa okulula kwethambo kusuka epulpiti. (Kwezinye izinhlobo, ithambo alihlukani ne-pulp).
- Ama-Nectarines, umehluko oyinhloko oyisithelo esinqunu (njengeplamu) nekhono lokuhlukanisa noma ukungahlukanisi uginindela kusuka kuthambo ligcinwa.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-peach ngesifunda
Ukulinywa kwe-peach ezimweni zasehlobo kuhlukile ngakwindlela yokulinyelwa ngamanani wezimboni, ikakhulukazi ngokuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
I-Peach isitshalo eseningizimu, isho izitshalo ezifudumele nezithanda ilanga. Uhlelo lomqhele nezimpande zithwathwa ngamaqandeni ka -15 ... -20 ° C. Ngeqhwa lokubuya kwentwasahlobo, ukukhula ngonyaka odlule kuyabanda, kepha kusheshe kuphinde kululame. I-Peach ikhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nenani elikhulu lezinsuku elangeni ngonyaka.
Itshalwe izihlahla zamaparele.
Izifunda zaseningizimu
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kungakuhle ukuthi utshale izithombo zamapareti ekwindla ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Izimo zesimo sezulu zivumela i-sapling ukuthi ijwayele endaweni entsha yokutshala ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikhule ngezimpande ezincane, futhi ilungiselele impilo esebenzayo lapho kufika intwasahlobo.
Uma utshala izithombo zethanga eningizimu entwasahlobo, zivame ukuwa yilanga elishisa ngoMeyi-Juni. Umoya omile nemisebe yelanga yomisa izinso, i-cortex kanye nezendlalelo ezingaphansi zikhuphukile futhi zomile. Ukuze ulondoloze ukutshala kwentwasahlobo (futhi ngaleso sikhathi miningi eminye imisebenzi engadini kanye nasengadini), udinga ukuvikela isithombo sethanga elangeni kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala ongaphefumula, uyifafaze ngamanzi (hhayi kubanda), futhi ugcine inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama, okungukuthi, unisela 2 kanye ngesonto. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, ukuchelela kudluliselwa endaweni yesonto elilodwa futhi amaqabunga amancane afafazwa nge-cineb noma ngo-1% weBordeaux. Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, amaqabunga epiki aqhakaza nawo afafazwa ngalokhu kuhlanganiswa. Le ndlela ivimbela ukubonakala kwamaqabunga ama-curly.
Izifunda zomucu ophakathi nendawo osenyakatho
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izithombo zephareji zingatshalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kugxilwe esimeni sezulu. Lapho kuqala kwezimo zezulu zokuqala kubanda nezimvula ezinde, izithombo zingcono kakhulu prikupat nezitshalo entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho kudlula intwasahlobo. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele engxenyeni ephezulu ukuze + 12 ... + 15 ° С.
Ngasenyakatho, izinhlobo ezingavimbani nesithwathwa zamapheya zivame ukuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isidingo sokujaha ukutshala izihlahla ezincane kusenesikhathi. Inhlabathi nomoya kufanele kufudumale ngokwanele. Njengoba ziqinisiwe ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, amapeyinti abekezelela kalula ukubanda kobusika ezifundeni eziphakathi kanye nezifunda zasenyakatho eziseduze kwazo. Lapho ikhule ezindaweni ezibandayo, amapetshisi ahlala ebusika.
Ukuthengwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezithombo zezithombo zokutshala
Amaphesenti aphakeme okusinda anikezwa izithombo ezi-1 - 2 zaminyaka yobudala. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-1,0 kuye ku-1.5mitha, isiqu esiyindilinga singamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2.0. Esibondweni nakumahlumela akamuva, amagxolo kufanele abe bushelelezi, angafanisi, ngaphandle kwamaphoyinti, okungathi ngeminyaka engu-1-2 angakwazi ngokuphelele shaya isitshalo ngesifo sezinsini.
Uma izithombo ze peach zitshalwe entwasahlobo endaweni ehlala ikhona, lapho-ke vele emakethe umthengisi angasika uhlelo lwezimpande futhi anciphise isiqu ku-80-90 cm, bese amahlumela aseceleni ngu-1/3. Ebusuku, isithombo sifakwa esitsheni esinezimpande (ungasebenzisa esinye isivuseleli) esikhona futhi sitshalwe ngosuku lwesibili.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, ama-petshisi afushanisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi angathinti ingxenye yomoya. Umqhele kuleli cala unqunywa entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Uma kuthengwe izithombo zika-Peach ezineminyaka emi-2 - 4 ezinamaqabunga akhule ngokujwayelekile, kungakuhle ukuba uzinqume. Ukwemukela kuyadingeka ukuze ungakhumuli isiqu esikhulu kanye namahlumela aseceleni kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwempande lwesithombo esitshaliwe lusebenza.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nemithetho yokutshala i-peach
Ukutshala imigodi yokutshala izithombo ze-peach kulungiswa ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6, kuzibeka ku-3-4-5 m, kuya ngohlobo oluhlukahlukene. Ukutshala okunamathiselwe kwakha isivuno sekhwalithi esibi sokunambitha futhi kuvame ukugula. Bamba umgodi 40x40x40 noma obunye usayizi. Ekugcineni, umthamo womgodi wokutshala ulungiswa ngokuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo esithengiwe.
Amapheya angakhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi ngaphandle kwe-saline ne-acidified. Kumhlabathi osindayo engeza amabhakede ama-1-2 we-humus noma u-0.5-1.0 ibhakede lomquba ovuthiwe kuze kufike ku-100 g we-nitrophoska noma omunye umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi onokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen. Kwethulwa i-humus kuzothuthukisa umoya namanzi ukuvuleka kwenhlabathi yobumba. Uma inhlabathi ilula, ungasebenzisa ibhakede elilodwa le-humus noma umanyolo kuphela wamaminerali.
Isigxobo sokhuni esingamamitha angu-1,0-1,5 noma okungcono ukusekelwa okucaba ngo-1-2 cm ububanzi kudonswa phakathi komgodi olungiselelwe. Lapho utshala, lo mbunga wethanga kufanele ubekwe ngokuhambisana nosizo ukuze lufihle lesi sitshalo esincane sasemini sivela elangeni. Phansi komgodi, kwakhiwa imisele kusuka etsheni elichotshoziwe, esihlabathini nakwezinye izinto ezincane kuze kufike ku-10-15 cm ukuphakama ukuze amanzi anganyakazi, bese kuthelelwa igquma lomhlabathi olungiselelwe. Izimpande zesithombo zisatshalaliswa emqubeni, zimbozwe ngomhlabathi ongafika ku-2/3, uthele kancane bese kuthululelwa ibhakede lamanzi axazululiwe. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, umgodi ugcwaliswa ngokuphelele. Lapho utshala, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngu-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Abanye abalimi batusa ukuqinisa intambo yezimpande kulokhu kujula. Lapho uqhwa kusuka amahlumela we-scion, ungakha umqhele omusha noma ushintshele kwifomu elinjengesihlahla sezitshalo ezikhulayo. Cishe ifomu lesithombo elitshaliwe ishaft engu-5-6 cm bese uthela elinye lamabhakede ama-1-2. Ngemuva kokuthola amanzi, inhlabathi iyafakwa ngaphandle kokumboza isiqu. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo yepheshi, ama-buds adumba phakathi nenyanga, kushiya kungenzeki. Kwesinye isikhathi isithombo se-peach "asivuki", kepha isiqu sihlale siqinile, amagxolo awashintshi umbala. Kulesi simo, i-sapling ingakwazi "ukulala ngokweqile" kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo, bese iqala ukukhula okujwayelekile.
Isithombo sethangaUkunakekelwa kwe-Peach
Ukunisela nokondla
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala ngemuva kokudinga ukunakekelwa okwandisiwe eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3. Ukunisela ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga, ukugqoka phezulu - amahlandla ama-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwamapheya kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza esigabeni sokuhluma ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali. Sebenzisa i-nitrofoska, i-nitroammophoska, i-urea, i-kemir namanye amafutha avela ekubalweni kwama-30- 40 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla; ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu - ngemuva kukaJulayi 15-20, ingxube ye-phosphorus-potassium engu-50 no-25 g, ngokulandelana, ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Ungaphinda ukuphinda kwethulwe iKemira, i-nitrophosphate.
Ngokuqala kokuzala, inani lokugqoka eliphakeme kakhulu liphezulu lenyuswa laba kathathu. Izinga lomanyolo eliqinile landa kancane kancane lifinyelele ku-150-200 g lilinye ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ama-fertilizer ahlakazekile azungeze umphetho womqhele wokumba noma owethulwe ezifuyweni ezimbiwe, izimbobo, kulandelwe ukuvala, ukuchelela noku-mulching. Enye yezembatho eziphezulu ezivame ukwenziwa ngokufafaza umqhele wesihlahla ngama-micronutrients noma ngokusebenzisa ingilazi yomlotha wokhuni ngaphansi kokuchelela. Yisebenzise ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezithelo, ushintshe ukwethulwa kwamafutha we-phosphorus-potassium ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa. Ama-humus, umquba, imfucumfucu yenkukhu (ngesixazululo) asetshenziswa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4 ngamabhakede. Ngonyaka wokwethula udaba lwe-organic, umquba we-nitrogen awusetshenziselwa ukondla.
Amapentshisi athela izithelo afafazwa njalo ngonyaka ngesisombululo se-2 - 3% se-Bordeaux liquid ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwamahlamvu nangemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ingasetshenziselwa ukufafaza i-kineb noma amanye amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi noma i-zinc. Kuyasiza ukufafaza amapetshisi ngesikhathi sokukhula nge-boric acid noma i-ash akhiphe (ingilazi / ibhakede lamanzi). Ku-boric acid, ungangeza i-potanganum permanganate kanye namaconsi ambalwa iodine.
Ukubumba umqhele we-peach nokuthena konyaka
Ukwenza izihlahla zethanga kuqala ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala. Lapho wenza umqhele obhekwe kakhulu, ukusikwa kwenziwa ngoMashi. Esiqwini esiphakathi seperesi, usike wonke amahlumela aseceleni afike kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Ama-3-6 amahlumela ashiywe ngaphezulu kwesiqu - lokhu kungamagatsha wamathambo e-oda lokuqala. Phezu kwalawa magatsha, isiqu esimaphakathi siyasuswa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela e-oda lesibili azokwakheka phezu kwabo. Amahlumela asele, ikakhulukazi lawo akhula ngaphakathi nokunwebeka, asikwa abe yindandatho. Amahlumela okoku-1 no-2nd oda anqunywa ngamasentimitha angama-50-60. Amahlumela amancanyana akhula engxenyeni esele yamagatsha enamathambo wepiche yanoma imuphi umyalo ngenkathi efudumele, akha isivuno sonyaka olandelayo. Lezi amahlumela abizwa ngokuthi amahlumela ezithelo. Amahlumela okuthatha izithelo ashiya ngemuva kuka-15-20 cm, okusele asikwe indandatho. Uma ushiya ilungiselelo le-denser, isivuno sizophumelela sibe sincane.
Kukhona nolunye uhlelo lokwakheka kwesihlahla s peach. Kubizwa ngokuthi "ukwakheka kwechungechunge lwezithelo." Sebenzisa le ndlela yokwakheka komqhele kaningi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Isixhumanisi esakhiwe singafakwa emhlabathini bese sivikelekile ebusika. Uhlelo lokutshala lubizwa ngokuthi "ingadi yensimu". Amaphethini wokufika omile. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa liyi-2 m, emgqeni ngu-0.5 m. Isihlahla ngasinye s peach sakha sifinyelela ku-15 izithelo.
Lapho kwakhiwa isixhumanisi sezithelo, umqhele, njengoba unjalo, awukho. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, i-peach ayinqunywe. Ikhula ngokukhululeka, yakha inani elikhulu lamahlumela. AmaSaplings adla namanzi ngendlela yesikhathi, mulch.
Ngonyaka wesibili ngo-Ephreli, izithombo zephetshana zisikwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kusuka enhlabathini, kusale iziqu ezi-2 ezikhule kakhulu zitholakala eduze komhlaba. Eyokuqala izoba yisiqalo sokufaka izithelo, kanti eyesibili yigagasi. Ehlobo, ukuncipha kwama-lateral amahlumela akhiwe kulawa magatsha ama-2 kwenziwa, ungawafinyeza. Kulokhu, abaphansi abangu-2 abathinti. Ngo-ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ihlumela eliphakeme kakhulu, elishiywe njengesethi, linqunywa emagatsheni amabili aphansi, bese elesibili lishiyelwa ukuqhuma. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ekwindla, ihlumela lokuvundiswa liyasuswa, kuthi endaweni yokugcina, amahlumela ama-2 aphansi kakhulu ashiywe bese kuthi okunye ukukhula kususwe. Okusho ukuthi, unyaka ngamunye bakha isixhumanisi sezithelo.
Muva nje, abalimi abanda ngokwengeziwe bathambekele ekukhuleni ngamapentshisi ngendlela yesihlahla. Leli fomu lilula kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo. I-peach kulula ukuyifihla kusuka kumakhaza ebusika. Isisindo sendiza sakhiwa kusuka ku-4-5 kuya ku-10 amahlumela athuthuke kakhulu. Konke okunye kuyanqunywa. Ngokudubula ngakunye, amahlumela alo nyaka asele, okuzothi ngonyaka olandelayo enze isivuno. Amagatsha amadala angahlali enza isivuno ayasuswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izithelo ze-peach esihlahleni.
Ukusakazwa kwe-peach ezweni
Amapentshisi ezweni asatshalaliswa izithombo ezihlanganisiwe, ezithengwe ezinkampanini ezifanele, kanye nembewu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwesibili kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke engadingi ukukhohliswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokutshala nokukhulisa izithombo. Ukusakazwa kwembewu ye-peach kunenzuzo yokuthi izihlahla zikhula zimelana kakhulu nezimo zezulu nezifo. Ngokusakazeka kwembewu, akuyona yonke imbewu etshaliwe engakha isiko elinezimpawu zokuzala. I-ovary yethanga yakhiwa ngenxa yokuphanjaniswa kokumiswa kwemvelo, futhi ingxenye yembewu ingaba nezimpawu zesitoko. Ukuze unciphise iphutha lokukhetha, udinga ukuhlwanyela inombolo enkulu yembewu. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala ezitshalweni, kufanele kukhethwe lawo anamaqabunga ebanzi enqabunga ebanzi. Kuliqiniso, lokhu akulithembekile nge-100%, kepha kusekhona ukuthi kungenzeka kukhethwe. Lapho uhlwanyela ezimbizeni, ayihlwanyelwanga mbewu eyodwa peach, kodwa 3-4 futhi emva kokuhluma bashiya isithombo esi-1 esiqine kakhulu, bese abanye benqunywa ebusweni bomhlabathi.
Imbewu yamapheya emhlabathini ovulekile ezindaweni eziseningizimu ihlwanyelwa esikhathini kusuka ngo-Okthoba 15 kuya ku-Novemba 10-15. Okokuqala, amathambo ayakhungatheka noma amuncwe izinsuku ezingama-2-3 emanzini afudumele, aguqulwa nsuku zonke. Ngokutshala imbewu, kukhethwa izinhlobo zamapeya ezihlikiwe, okubaluleke kakhulu kumzila ophakathi nendawo. Imbewu yezinhlobo ezinjalo izokuqinisekisa isivuno esakha isivuno futhi esimelana nezimo zezulu. Ngaphansi kwesembozo, izitshalo ziyokhululeka kancane. Izinhlobo ezifakiwe ezingashintshiwe kwisimo sezulu sethu zingaphenduka izimbali ezingenalutho noma zibandise ebusika bokuqala kakhulu. Ukuze amapetshisi akhule ngempumelelo futhi akhe isivuno sekhwalithi, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi umboze isiko lesikhathi sezulu esibandayo.
Okwesikole, bakhetha indawo enelanga, baxube umhlabathi nge-humus noma ngomquba ovuthiwe. Imbewu ye peach ifakwa kwizimbobo ezifika ku-6-8 cm.Imigwaqo etholakala kude nobude obuyi-10 cm cm. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, imbewu itholakala emgodini wemvelo, bese amahlumela avele entwasahlobo. Izithombo ze-peach zikhula ngokushesha, kepha zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yikhululekile, ngaphandle kokhula, ihlale inomswakama (ingabi manzi). Ngenkathi yehlobo, kwenziwa imvunulo engu-3-4, kungcono nge-kemir noma ngekristalu ngesilinganiso esingu-30- 40 g / sq. m
Lapho kukhula izithombo zamapiyipi ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, iziqukathi zibekwa endaweni efudumele, efakwe ngokomgomo wegreenhouse. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, izinga lokushisa legumbi ligcinwa ku- + 10 ... + 15 ° С, futhi ngemuva kokuhluma, kancane kancane kukhuphukela ku + 18 ... + 20 ° С. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama. Lapho kuvela izithombo, iziqukathi ezinezithombo kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo. Ukufakelwa kwezithombo zezithombo zamapheya emhlabathini ovulekile noma ovaliwe kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo ngokudluliselwa kwamazinga okushisa kwenhlabathi kungqimba enezimpande ezingekho ngaphansi kuka + 12 ... + 14 ° С ngokushisa komoya okuphezulu okuhlala njalo.
Izinhlobo ze-peach ezifundeni ezihlukile
Njengezinye izilimo, ama petshisi ahlukaniswe ngokwezinga lokuvuthwa kwezitshalo ekuqaleni, phakathi nendawo nasekupheleni. Eningizimu, izilimo zakhiwa ngokuya ngokuvuthwa okungokwemvelo kwawo wonke amaqembu amathathu okulima, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, futhi ikakhulukazi ebhandeni elibandayo, noma ngabe selikhuliswe ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa nezindawo zokugcina izithombo, kunqunyelwe ekukhuleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kaningi kakhulu - izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo naphakathi.
Amapentshisi alandelayo aqala ekuqaleni nangaphakathi amukeleka kakhulu esifundeni eseningizimu futhi asondele kuzo izindawo ezisendaweni ephakathi: i-Kiev ekuseni, i-Redhaven, iCollins, i-Succulent, i-Favorit, iMuva imbali, i-Early Sycheva, i-Rossoshanskaya ukukhula kwasekuqaleni, okuthembekile, uFluffy ekuqaleni nakwabanye.
Ukusuka ekuvuthweni okuphakathi esifundeni eseningizimu, izilimo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zekhwalithi enhle zakha i-Peach ehlukahlukene, izithelo zazo ezifika ku-140-150 g.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ihlobo lehlobo eliphakathi nehlobo leKremlin linobusika impela. Kukhuliswe kakhulu. Izithelo zifinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 g. Kwezinye izinhlobo, iVeteran, iFairy Tale, iLanga, iSmolensky ziyadingeka.
Kungenzeka ukuncoma izinhlobo zasebusika eziqinile zamapentshisi ekhethiweyo laseMelika naseCanada (ama-nectarines, amapetshisi anezithelo ezinomfanekiso wamakhiwane) ngokukhula eziplangeni zawo uqobo - iHarbinger, Harnas, Inca, Harko, Suncrest nabanye. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlobo ezibalwe ezinikezwe njengezibonelo. Imakethe minyaka yonke inikezela ngezinhlobo ezintsha, ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuqina kobusika nokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-peach entsha, kufanele uzijwayeze ngokucophelela ngezimpawu zayo, ukuze ungangeni enkingeni ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, lapho kuvela ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo azisifanele esifundeni.
Icubungula isihlahla se-peach kusuka kuzilokazane nezifo.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-peach ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Izifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zephetshisi ngamaqabunga ama-curly, i-moniliosis, i-powdery isikhutha, ukubola kwezithelo, nesifo sezinsini. Izifo zidalwa isikhunta se-pathogenic, amagciwane namagciwane.
Kwezinambuzane, ukonakala okukhulu kwesitshalo kanye nesimo sesitshalo kubangelwa ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, izinambuzane ezilingana nezinundu. Ngokwendlela yokudla, bahlobana nokuhlwitha izinambuzane.
Ezindlini zasehlobo nasezindaweni ezihlangene, akunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukubhujiswa kwezifo nezinambuzane. Isilimo esihlanzekileko semvelo singatholakala ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-Land ngempumelelo ye-Microorganisms (EM noma imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo) ukuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Azinangozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Zingasetshenziswa cishe kuze kube sekuvuneni. Kodwa-ke, ngokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo athile, ingadi ayikwazi ukuhlanzwa kwezifo nezinambuzane, ngoba amafomu abo amadala, amaqanda aphumelela ubusika kukhula nakhula ngaphansi kwengadi yemifino nezinsalela zensimu, ezithelweni eziwileyo namaqabunga.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kumele kuqale ngezindlela zokuvimbela. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kuyadingeka ukususa konke udoti wamaqabunga nezithelo ngaphansi komqhele wesitshalo esithela izithelo. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwezihlahla (ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo), kususa amahlumela agulayo, aqhekekile, ambozwe ngamaphuzu okuqala ukusika izinsini. Akhiphe esizeni awushise.
Ukusuka ezifweni kuya ekuhlumeni kwentwasahlobo nokuwa kwamaqabunga ekwindla, amapetshisi adinga ukufafazwa ngo-2-3 wamanzi we-Bordeaux. Futhi ngemuva kokuba ukuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, shintshela ekwelashweni ngokuxutshwa kwamathangi we-biofungicides ne-bioinsecticides. I-Bioinsecticides lepidocide, phytoverm, bitoxibacillin ingahlanganiswa ne-biofungicides mycosan, phytosporin, enyeir, alirin. Umkhiqizo ngamunye webhayoloji unemingcele yawo yokusebenza ngempumelelo ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungiswa kwezixazululo, kubalulekile ukutadisha imiyalo nokubheka imikhiqizo ye-biological ukuze ihambisane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathangi noma i-biologics yomuntu ngamunye kuqala ukucubungula izitshalo kusuka esigabeni sokuhluma kwe-efihlekile bese uqeda izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ama-adhesive kumele afakwe kusisombululo esilungiselelwe ukuze umuthi ungashabalali futhi ungagezi amaqabunga. Ngemuva kwezimvula, ukufafaza kwezitshalo kuyaphindwa. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngokufafaza kahle. Ukulungiselela okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo kuvikela isiko ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
