IBeetroot ibhekwa kufanelekile njengesilimo esingenantengo engadini, okuthi ngisho ne-novice ikhule ehlombe. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi iziqongo eziqinile ezinempilo zimbozwa izindawo ezibomvu nezibomvana, amaqabunga aqhekeka futhi omile, bese kuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande kube sekumisiwe. Kulokhu, ngisho nabatshali abanolwazi banemibuzo. Kungani amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi futhi amabhele akhula kahle?
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iziqongo zingasetshenziswa ukwahlulela isimo sesitshalo sonke. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuwohloka kwempilo yamabhungathi engadi. Phakathi kwazo kunenhlabathi egcwele i-acidic noma igcwele umswakama, ukuntuleka kwamaminerali nezakhi zomzimba, nokuphazamiseka kokunisela. Ngeshwa, kungenzeka ukuthi izitshalo zahlaselwa ngama-patho virus, amaqabunga awo ayengawokuqala ukuphendula kulokhu kutheleleka. Kulokhu, ukuvela kwezilimo zezimpande ngaphambi kokuba zingene esitolo kungenzeka kungathikamezeki, kodwa ebusika ungalahlekelwa yisilimo sonke.
Izincazelo nezithombe zezifo ze-beet, kanye nezindlela zokubhekana nazo, zizokusiza uqaphele izimpawu eziyingozi ngesikhathi, qala ukwelapha izitshalo futhi ufunde izindlela ezilula kakhulu zokuzivikela.
I-Phomosis: isifo samaqabunga ama-beet nezimpande zezitshalo zawo
Isifo seqabunga leBeet, sihambisana nokuvela emaphepheni amaqabunga amabala ophuzi noma ansundu, okuvame ukuba nephethini egxilile, ibizwa ngokuthi i-fomosis, i-core rot noma i-zonal spotting. Lesi sifo sisabalala sisuka emaqabungeni aphansi, afayo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngokushesha kwesifo. Uma lesi sifo sifinyelela ama-beet ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, isiqu sezimbali siyafa, nesitshalo sezimpande uqobo, uma sifakwa, sibola kungekudala.
Kungani ama-beet ephenduka amaqabunga aphuzi, futhi yini okufanele ayenze ukumisa inqubo futhi angalahli isivuno?
Ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kunomthelela esimweni sezulu esihle semvula, kanye namazolo asindayo engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, lapho amazinga okushisa ebusuku esevele ephansi impela. Ngomhubhe wemvula nomoya, izinhlamvu zesikhunta eziyingozi zasakazeka emasimini onke, futhi ebusika umphakeli wesifo esiyingozi wamaqabunga e-beet ulinde emaqabungeni afile ashiywe embhedeni, ezitshalweni zezimpande ezithintekile, ngisho nakuzo imbewu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukushoda kwe-boron enhlabathini kufaka isandla ekuqubukeni kwalesi sifo, futhi ukwethulwa okufika kwesikhathi kwalesi sici somkhondo, ngokwesibonelo ngendlela ye-borax, kuzosebenza njengesinyathelo esihle sokuvimbela kanye nezindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo.
Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela:
- Ukwelashwa kwemibhede yembewu ne-ejenti yokubangela ye-saposis kusiza ukuphathwa kwezimbewu nezimpande zezitshalo ngeFundazol.
- Esikhathini sokugcina sokukhula, izitshalo ze-beet zivundiswa ngemikhiqizo equkethe i-potassium.
- Akumele sikhohlwe ngokugcina imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukusika ngesikhathi imigqa ye-beet kanye nokuncipha kwezithombo.
- Yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo ewile evela emigqonyeni iyasuswa futhi ishiswe.
Uma esizeni lesi sifo sesivele sizizwele sona, okuhlanyayo kuphathwa ngeFundazole noma ngenye inqubo yokubulala ukhula. Ama-beet athunyelwa esitolo sezinto ahlala ehlelwa, alahla izitshalo ezibolile nezithambile zezimpande, emva kwalokho iziqukathi zemifino ziyahlanzwa futhi zomiswe.
I-Beetroot cercosporosis: yini okufanele uyenze uma amaqabunga ephenduka abomvu?
Abalimi bafuna impendulo yombuzo: "Kungani amaqabunga ebuntshini ephenduka ebomvu, futhi ebhekana kanjani nale nkinga?", Okuvamisile ukubhekana nenkinga yesifo sofuba. Lesi sifo sidalwa ama-pathogen fungus kanti sitholwa ngokuvela okokuqala ebusheni bamahlamvu abomvu, bese sikhanya endaweni yezindawo ngomngcele onsomi noma we-burgundy. Uma ubheka emuva kweqabunga elithintekile, uzophawula ukumhlophe okumpunga okumpunga.
Amahlamvu aphansi, amadala akhulayo endaweni yokuhlaselwa ayahlaselwa. Kancane kancane, inani lamabala liyanda. Amasayizi we-foci yalesi sifo sale mabhungane ayakhula, kuthi izicubu zomile eziko zibhujiswe.
Izitshalo ezingaphansi kwe-cercosporosis ziyafiphala, njengoba amaqabunga enesifo efa, futhi ama-beets asebenzisa amandla awo hhayi ekwakhekeni kwezilimo zezitshalo, kodwa ekwakheni kabusha kwengxenye eluhlaza engaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulwa nesifo se-beet, ukusakazwa kwesikhunta esiyingozi kunciphisa isivuno cishe ngesigamu. Okuphakelayo noshukela kuyathinteka ikakhulukazi. I-ejenti yokubangela i-cercosporosis isebenza kakhulu esimweni sezulu esinekushisa kwe-+16 ° C, kepha inqwaba yesikhunta ngokweqile ngeziqu nendawo yezimpande zokhula olungapheli, kanye nakudoti wesitshalo olungasuswanga emibhedeni.
Njengezinyathelo eziphikisana nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, yenza lokhu:
- ukuzenzisa kwembewu;
- ukukhethwa kwe-beetroot engamelana nezifo kushiya izinhlobo kanye nzalo;
- imvamisa yezinsuku ezi-7- 10 ukufafaza ngama-ejenti aqukethe amalungiselelo ethusi;
- ukuthambisa izithombo esigabeni samaqabunga ama-2-3;
- Ukhula njalo kwemibhede nokususwa kwamaqabunga afile;
- ukukhethwa kwendawo okuhlwanyelwa kuyo, kucatshangelwa amasimu wangaphambilini;
- fafaza ama-plantings akhona nge-fungicide.
Beet Ramulariosis
Ukubonwa kwamaqabunga amabhungane kwenzeka ngesifo sesitshalo nge-ramulariosis kukhumbuza umuntu eba nesifo sofuba. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona umehluko kulesi sifo samaqabunga amabhungane. Izinhloso zalesi sifo kule ndawo zilula, ekuqaleni ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zincanyana, ububanzi zifinyelela ku-1.5 cm. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezincane ezinjalo, izicubu zepuleti leqabunga ziyoma, ziyafa bese ziyawa. Umngcele obomvu noma onsundu awucacile.
Isifo se-ramulariosis sizenza sizizwe engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Izindawo zokuqala zingabonakala emaqabungeni aphansi, bese lesi sifo sisakazekela emaqabungeni amancane nakuma-petioles.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma kuvela amaqabunga e-beet redden kanye nama-ramalariosis amapuleti awo? Njengoba i-pathogen ingabusika ngisho nasezithelweni zezimpande kanye nembewu, i-ramulariosis iyaphawulwa kuzithombo, kanye nakuma-peduncle. Isikhunta sikhula endaweni enomswakama, emazingeni okushisa aphansi, sibangele ukulahleka okukhulu ekuvuneni kwama-fodder beets, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ukulwa nesifo se-beet kuhlanganisa izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi e-fungicidal ehlelekile, njengoba kunjalo ngesifo sofuba.
I-Peronosporosis: okufanele ukwenze futhi kungani amacembe ebhungane ephenduka aphuzi
I-Powdery mildew noma i-peronosporosis ithinta i-beetroot futhi esimweni sezulu esimanzi futhi ihambisana nokuphuzi, bese isonteka futhi ifa ngamaqabunga amaqabunga. Kungani amahlamvu ka-beet aphuzi, futhi kufanele enzeni uma lesi sifo sithinta imibhede yengadi? Imbangela yokufa kwamahlamvu isikhunta esiyingozi, okuhlala nokuzala kwayo kungabonakala eziqongweni, embozwe ukoma onsundu noma amabala abolayo. Emhlane, ukugoqa okumpunga noma kwe-lilac kubonakala kahle. Lezi izinsalela zesikhunta ezilungele ukukhokhelwa.
Ungavikela izitshalo kusuka ku-peronosporosis:
- ukunamathisela imbewu yalesi sitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini;
- kususa udoti wesitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula nangemva kokuvuna;
- ukufafaza izitshalo ngama-fungicides.
Isinyathelo esisebenzayo sokulwa nesifo seqabunga le-beetroot singabhekwa njengokwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kokutshala nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Isifo seFusarium: isifo se-beetroot kanye nezimpande zemifino
Uma umlimi ebona ukuthi amaqabunga aphansi ezitshalo ezincane aphenduka aphuzi ngaphandle kwesizathu, i-discolor futhi ibune kanye ne-petioles, lokhu ngeke kuqaphele. Kungani amahlamvu ephuzi kanti amabhele akhula kahle kulokhu? Mhlawumbe amabhele asengadini athelelekile ngeFusarium. Lesi sifo esiqala ngamaqabunga e-beet sithinta hhayi kuphela iziqongo, kodwa nezitshalo zezimpande. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwalesi sifo, ama-rots amahlamvu noma ama-dries, isikhunta singena ezicutshini ezingama-rhizome, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-mycelium ebonakalayo osikwe empandeni.
Kungani amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, futhi yini okufanele yenziwe ngamabhungane asevele ethintwe yilesi sifo? Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ze-beet, i-fusarium isakazeka isuka ezimpandeni ikhule esitshalweni futhi ingaholela ekufeni kwayo.
Isifo se-beet, njengoba sikhonjisiwe esithombeni, sibangela ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu kokutshala okungekho ukunisela, kanye nama-beet alimaze nge-hilling noma weeding.
Izinyathelo zokuvikela ama-beets ezifweni zeFusarium zifaka:
- ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic, unaka imikhiqizo equkethe i-boron;
- ukukhawulelwa kwenhlabathi enenhlabathi;
- ukulandela imithetho yokushintshana kwezilimo zasensimini ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwezitshalo;
- ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi okujulile ematholeni;
- ukuthambisa okujwayelekile nokunele;
- ukhula nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
Izitshalo zama-beet ezibolile ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe ukuze ukutheleleka kungathinti izitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ze-Beet
Ingozi yezifo ze-beet kanye nesidingo sezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulwa nazo kungenxa yokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwalezi zifo ngesimo sokubomvu noma kuphuzi kwamaqabunga akuhlali kulingana nomonakalo weqiniso. Amakhethini nokubola ngaphakathi kwezilimo zezimpande kutholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, lapho iningi lama-beet linqatshwa ngeze.
Izindlela zokuvimbela zibaluleke kakhulu, ezinganiki isikhunta esidala ama-pathogens amaqabunga we-beet kanye nezitshalo zezimpande ithuba elincane lokuhlanganiswa kanye nentuthuko.
Kuze kube manje:
- nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nezifo zokukhunta kuyakhethwa;
- ahambisane nenqubo yezolimo yokukhula kwama-beet, kubandakanya ukhula lwawo, ukuncipha kwezithombo ezinwetshisiwe futhi kugcinwe inhlanzeko yenhlabathi ngaphansi kokutshala;
- ukwenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu kokuhleliwe kwesitshalo sengadi;
- hlola njalo izilimo ukukhomba izifo ekuqaleni;
- ukuvuna okufika ngesikhathi kwezitshalo zezimpande;
- hlola ngokucophelela izimpande eziya kwisitoreji sasebusika.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izifo zamaqabunga ama-beet nezimpande zezitshalo zawo, kanye nezinambuzane, kuthinta kakhulu izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ezingenawo umsoco, umswakama, ukukhanya nomoya-mpilo.
