Amazambane azwela kakhulu ukuntuleka komswakama enhlabathini. Okungebanzi kakhulu, okufika ekujuleni kwama-30 cm, uhlelo lwezimpande lwalesi siko lunomthwalo obalulekile. Esikhathini esifushane semifino, lesi sitshalo asikhulisi kuphela kuphela inqwaba yezithombo zemvelo, kodwa futhi kufanele sinikeze lokho okutshalwayo - nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ungasikhetha kanjani isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunisela, kukangaki uthambisa amazambane enkundleni evulekile ukuze isivuno singadumazi ngobuningi noma ngekhwalithi? Ngokuntuleka komswakama, akufanele ulindele isivuno esihle samazambane. Kepha okuqukethwe amanzi okweqile emhlabathini nakho ngeke kulethe izinzuzo.
Amanzi athela amanzi amazambane ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini?
Kuze kufike amaqabunga okuqala ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, amazambane awadingi ukuthanjiswa okwengeziwe. Uma ukutshala kwenzeka enhlabathini enomswakama, khona-ke ekuqaleni lokhu umswakama kwanele ngesitshalo. Kepha ngentuthuko yesitshalo, futhi ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni ukwakheka kwamahlamvu, isidingo sikhula kakhulu.
Isikhathi lapho ukuthambisa amazambane ngemuva kokutshala kumane kudingekile:
- lapho amahlumela amazambane ekhuphuka ngo-5-10 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba, okungukuthi, amasonto amabili emva kokuhluma kwezithombo;
- lapho isethi yezitshalo efihlekile, okusho ukuqala kokudalwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- lapho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zithola isisindo, okuyinto emgqeni ophakathi owela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti.
Lapho usebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi ulandela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, amazambane angakhiqiza amathani afinyelela ku-1 nohhafu weshubhu ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu.
Isikhathi nesikhathi umthamo wokunisela esimweni sezulu esishisayo
Kulokhu, abatshali bamazambane abanokuhlangenwe nakho kulo mbuzo: "Ngabe ngidinga ukunisela amazambane?" phendula ukuthi ukuthambisa kuyadingeka. Yize kunjalo, izimvula ezinyangeni zasehlobo azihambelani ngokweqile, futhi umlimi akanakuqiniseka ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo azinawo umswakama. Futhi ezifundeni eziningi ukushisa kuhambisana nomoya onamandla onomthelela ekuhwamukayo komswakama ovela enhlabathini. Kulokhu, magama aguquka, kukangaki amanzi amazambane emhlabathini ovulekile esimweni sezulu somoya esinomoya?
- Kulesi simo sezulu, amazambane adinga ukuthambisa amaningi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5.
- Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lilinganiselwe, ungakunisela ukutshala kungabi kanye kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10.
Yize amandla elanga nokushisa kudingekile ezitshalweni, ukuntuleka komswakama noma ukunisela okungakahleliwe kungathinta kabi inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa nekhwalithi yazo:
- Lapho amazambane eniselwa ngemuva kokutshala okokuqala, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhula kwengxenye yesitshalo.
- Amanzi angena enhlabathini ngoJuni noJulayi, lapho izitshalo sezilungiselela ukuqhakaza, ziphindaphindeka inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa.
- Kamuva ukunisela kubeka isisekelo samazambane amakhulu, agcwele.
Izici kanye nesikhathi sokunisela amazambane kokuqala
Amabhishi anqabile amanzi, asevele ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, awakhi ama-stolons anele lapho kuzovela khona ama-tubers. Ngenxa yalokhu, esikhundleni samazambane amaningi esihlahleni avela ezingcezwini ezihlanu kuya kweziyi-12. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zokuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuthambisa kwasentwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ungawaphuzisa kanjani amazambane ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala? Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa phakathi kwesihlahla, lapho amahlumela ekhuphuka ngo-5-10 cm. Ngaso leso sikhathi, okungenani amalitha amathathu omswakama kufanele awele esihlahleni ngasinye. Ukwamukela ngalesi sikhathi inani elanele lomswakama, izihlahla azithuthukisi nje kuphela ingxenye engenhla, kodwa futhi zinikeze ama-stolons ukuphambuka ezinhlangothini.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namazambane wokuvuna ekwindla, izinhlobo zokuqala zidla amanzi amancane, kepha zenze kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akwamukeleki ukuthi inhlabathi engaphansi kwezitshalo ome.
Uma isandla sicwiliselwa ekujuleni kweminwe emhlabathini ihlala yomile, ngidinga ukunisela amazambane? Yebo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi izitshalo zomile.
- Lapho isihlahla sikhula, inani lomswakama owedliwayo likhula lifike kumalitha ayi-6 ngosuku.
- Uma unakekela leyo ngxenye yamanzi evele enhlabathini, khona-ke okungenani amalitha ayi-12 omswakama kufanele awele ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye lapho kushisa khona, futhi ngesimo sezulu esomile.
Lo mthetho uyasebenza futhi lapho utshala izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini.
Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokubukeka nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokubumba kwe-tuber, okuhambelana nesikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kokuvela kwamahlamvu okuqala nokuqhakaza okukhulu kwamazambane. Awulindi ukuthi ama-buds avele ngamanani amakhulu, ngisho neziqu zezimbali eyodwa ziyisibonakaliso ekuqaleni kokunisela, okungeke kusheshe ukuthinta ukwanda kwesivuno ngo-15-30%.
Enye inkathi ebucayi lapho ukunisela amazambane ngemuva kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa:
- Ukuqala kwalesi sikhathi kuhambelana nokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
- Ukuvuthwa kwezilimo ezizayo kuphetha ngokufa kweziqongo.
- Ngokunisela okukodwa, izitshalo kufanele zithole amalitha amanzi angama-20, inani elinjalo lingamanzisa ngokuphelele ungqimba oluhlekayo.
Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kokulimaza sekwephuzile, amazambane kufanele ayophuziswa ukuze ebusuku, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlile, amahlamvu omile.
Ungawaphuzisa kanjani amazambane ukugwema uqweqwe, imifantu kanye nokulimala kumashubhu?
Lapho kutholakala amazambane amakhulu kodwa amabi lapho kubiwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa, lokhu kubangela ukukhathazeka kubalimi abaningi. Eqinisweni, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingajwayelekile zesimo esingajwayelekile ziyimiphumela yokunisela okungajwayelekile, phakathi lapho izitshalo zihlala isikhathi eside ezimeni zokuntuleka komswakama.
Ngokwesomiso, ukukhula kwamazambane kuvinjelwe, futhi umswakama wenhlabathi uphinde uqalise le nqubo. Njengomphumela, amaphuzu wokukhula akhula ngokungalingani, bese ishubhu lithola ukwakheka okungajwayelekile. Uma isikhathi sokunisela amazambane sihlonishwa futhi inhlabathi ihlala umswakama ngesikhathi kumiswa nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, amazambane wona futhi, awathinteki yisibazi, futhi akukho ukuqhekeka okuvela ebusweni bawo.
Ukwakha indawo ethokomele yamazambane
Ungawaphuzisa kanjani amazambane bese ubala isikhathi lapho ukuthambisa kuzodingeka ngempela?
- Isikhathi esihle sokunisela ngesikhathi esishisayo amahora amahora kusihlwa. Ukuchelela okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuseni kuyingozi ngenxa yokuthi ilanga elikhuphuka ngokushesha lishisa iziqongo ezimanzi.
- Umthamo omncane wamanzi esihlahleni ngasinye ngamalitha ama-3. Inani elithile lomswakama linqunywa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, njengezinhlabathi nezinhlobo zamazambane. Inhlabathi elula, evulekile idinga ukuthambisa okuningi kune-loams kanye ne-chernozems.
Kunemibono ehlukahlukene yokuthi ungawasela kanjani amazambane:
- Abanye abalimi babheka ukuthambisa izimpande kuqala.
- Abanye bancamela ukutshala okufakwayo kwemisele.
- Ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwemvula isikhathi eside kumazambane okuqala, ukuchelela kunomthelela omuhle, emva kwalokho inhlabathi idedelwa ukuze kugcinwe umswakama.
Ukuchelela omile ne-mulch - isengezo esisebenzayo sokunisela
Shono le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuchelela owomile." Le nqubo ayigobi nje kuphela ngempumelelo amanzi emhlabathini. Ukuvula kabusha kuthatha indawo yokunisela ngisho nangomswakama owanele. Amazambane awasabeli kahle nenhlabathi eminyene. Inhlabathi evulekile iyatholakala kalula kumsoco kanye nomoya. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo kungenzeka kuphela ngokuqala kwezithombo.
Ungonga amanzi wokunisela futhi unwebe kancane isikhathi sokunisela amazambane ngokusebenzisa inkuthalo kusuka ku-siderat echekiwe, sawdust esindala nezinye izinto eziphilayo emibhedeni. Ngokuqala kokushisa kwehlobo, i-mulch inikeza izitshalo umoya opholile, wehlisa umswakama emoyeni bese uba umquba njengoba usubuna.
