Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi mhlawumbe bayazi ukuthi ibukeka kanjani. Yize kunjalo, lolu uhlobo oludumile kakhulu emndenini wakwaBergonia, kubandakanya izinhlobo zezinkulungwane. Indawo ejwayelekile yokuhlala kwe-begonias inamahlathi anomswakama asezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezinezintaba zaseMelika, e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, umhlaba wakwazi ukwazana nalesi sitshalo ngenxa yemininingwane enikezwe isazi sezitshalo saseFrance uCharles Plumier. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1687 ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwesayensi kwa-Antilles, lapho kwamenyelwa khona lochwepheshe.
Umsunguli walezi zifundo kwakunguMichel Begon, owayesebenza njengombusi weSan Domingo (entshonalanga neHaiti). Njengoba ayesakhubeka esitshalweni esingaziwa kuze kube manje, uCharles akazange acabange isikhathi eside ngegama laso. Ekugcineni, yanquma ukuyinikela kumbusi. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo saqala ukutholakala kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba.
Izici begonias
Ukuthandwa okuphezulu kwe-begonias kuholele ekutheni nanamuhla nabo benza umsebenzi wokutshala ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, efulethini kuvela ukuthi umangele, awudluli ukuphakama okungama-50 cm.
Begonia uyakhanga amaqabunga anamabala okuhlobisa nezimbali ezingathathwa lapho kuhlangana ama-roses, ama-peonies noma ama-camellias. I-Indoor begonia ingena esigabeni sezimbali ngenyanga yokuqala yehlobo, iqhubeke ijabulisa umnikazi wayo kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-begonia zikuvumela ukuthi ujabulele hhayi kuphela iphalethi elinombala ocebile, okubandakanya okumhlophe, okubomvu, okuphuzi, okubomvana, oku-burgundy, ukhilimu kanye nezinye izithunzi. Ubuye ajabule ngesimo esingajwayelekile, esingaba lula, sisonge, sigoqe, i-terry noma i-ampel.
Nakekela i-ampelone begonia ekhaya
Uma ufuna i-begonia ikujabulise ngezimbali ezinhle njalo ngesizini, khona-ke ngosuku lokuqala idinga ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okufanele. Ukutshala le mbali efulethini akunzima kangako.
Futhi, yize lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengenganambitheki futhi simelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene, nokho kusadingeka landela imithetho ethile lapho uyikhulisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-begonia izokuthokozela ngokuqhakaza kwayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ehlobo, i-begonia ingaletha injabulo ebabazekayo engaphezulu uma idluliselwa embizeni ingena evulekile. Ukunakekela lesi sitshalo akudingekile kuphela ehlobo, kodwa futhi nasebusika.
- Ukusebenza okuphoqelekile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ukuthena amahlumela, okwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza nezimpawu zokuqala zokufa kwamaqabunga neziqu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwazo zingagcinwa emhlabeni owomile.
- Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, ukuthambisa i-begonia ayidingeki. Ama-tubers angagcinwa ku-pantry, lapho adala khona izimo ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya nokushisa okuphansi + 10 ... + 12 degrees Celsius.
- Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa atshalwe ebhodweni, futhi kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqale ukuthambisa ejwayelekile.
- Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi. Kulokhu, udinga ukususa yonke into ngaphandle kwesihlwayi esisodwa noma ezimbili eziqine kakhulu.
Izimiso zokushisa ezidingekayo nemithetho yokunisela
I-Begonia ikhula kahle ekhaya, uma izinga lokushisa lekamelo liyi + 14 ... + 22 degrees Celsius. Uma kushisa kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lenyuka lifinyelela kuma-25 degrees Celsius, khona-ke lokhu kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwe-begonia.
Lapho kubekwa amashubhu wesitoreji ebusika, kudingeka aqinisekise ubumnyama nezimo zokushisa ngaphakathi + 5 ... + 12 degrees Celsius. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinga lokushisa lahlala likhona, futhi futhi kwakungekho okusalungiswa.
Lapho kukhula ebusika, ukuchelela i-begonia akudingekile, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile ungakwenza engeza amanzi epaniniukugwema ukoma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ama-tubers agcinwa ku-peat noma esihlabathini ukuze agcinwe, nawo adinga ukugcinwa emanzi.
Ehlobo feza ukuthambisa okuningikodwa-ke, baqala ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngemuva kokuhwamuka komswakama ovela kungqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu. Kakade ngo-Okthoba, ukuthambisa kuqala ukuqhutshwa kancane futhi kube ngamanani amancane.
Njengoba i-tuber begonia inezimpande ezingemuva ezakhiwe ngaphansi komhlaba, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo kumele sinikezwe ngenani eliphezulu lomswakama.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi awagxili, uma kungenjalo lokhu kungaholela ekubambeni kwezimpande. Kwenqatshelwe ukuthulula amanzi kuphela maphakathi nembali. Uma ukwenza lokhu kaningi, nakho kungakhuthaza ukubola kwe-tuber.
Ukukhanya kanye nomswakama
Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile egumbini lapho kukhulelwa khona i-begonia, kumele kube khona ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela isitshalo elangeni eliqondile.
I-Begonia ingaba ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo amahora ambalwa kuphela ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Lokhu kuzomsiza, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukwehla.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-begonia yisitshalo esishisayo, kudingeka ahlinzeke umswakama ophezulu umoya ongekho ngaphansi kwama-60%.
- Kungenzeka ufeze ukufafaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha kuphela ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwawo. Umswakama ezintanjeni ugcwala iqiniso lokuthi ziqala ukuphenduka ophuzi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufafaza umoya uzungeze umngcele walembali.
- Ehlobo kunezinsuku lapho ilanga liqala ukubhaka kakhulu. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufudumala okwengeziwe kwe-begonia. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitsha esinezimbali singafakwa esikhwameni esigcwele amatshe amanzi. Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ngokuntywilisela ebhodweni ku-peat emanzi noma sawdust.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhulisa i-begonias ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela i-substrate efanelekile, okungafanele ukuthi ivundile kakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi ibe nokusabela okungathathi hlangothi kwe-acidity.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ukugcwala isitshalo, kufanele unake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukukhanyisa kufanele kube okuhle nokushisa egumbini, futhi, ngoba ezimweni ezinhle nokondla kufakwe kangcono kakhulu;
- zalisa isitshalo kufanele kube kusihlwa, amahora angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kokudla, inhlabathi kufanele iswakanyiswe kahle;
- qiniseka ukuthi umanyolo awahlangani ne-begonia.
Musa overdo it! Ngokunokwenzeka iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuvundiswa imbali, ngoba umanyolo omningi ungadala imbali ku-toxicosis, futhi kamuva afe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukulahla ukusetshenziswa komanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umphumela kusuka kubo uzohluka ngokuphelele kunalowo odingwa izitshalo: ngenxa ye-nitrogen, iziqu ziba namanzi amaningi, futhi lokhu kukhulisa amathuba okubola kwawo.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-begonia
Ukuthola izihlahla ezintsha, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuzala: ukuhlwanyela imbewu, ukwahlukanisa ishubhu, ukusikwa.
Okuhle kunakho konke sebenzisa ama-tubers noma ama-cutwaysngoba i-begonia ekhule kubo igcina isimo sesitshalo sikamama. Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, akunakwenzeka ukufeza umphumela ofanayo.
Uma ufuna ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ekhaya, kunconywa ukuthi uzisebenzise ukusabalalisa indlela yokutshala imbewu. Ngemuva kwalokho ngonyaka owodwa nje ungathola inqwaba yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha ezinezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa zezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Kodwa-ke, udinga ukulungiselela ngokushesha iqiniso lokuthi ukuzala kabusha ngembewu kuzodinga umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi i-begonia esekhulile kusuka ezinhlotsheni inezimbali zobulili obuhlukile, ezinganqunywa ngokubukeka.
Uma kunesidingo, ungakwenza enza impova yokufakelwausebenzisa ibhulashi ukupenda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekwindla izithelo zizokhula zibe yibhokisi eliqukethe imbewu encane kakhulu, futhi kuzo ungathola izimbali ezintsha.
Ungakhula kanjani i-begonia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwaywa kunconywa ukuthi kuhlelwe uNyaka Omusha. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukukukwenza ngemuva kwesikhashana kuze kufike ishumi lokuqala likaFebhuwari. Ngaphambi kokugibela udinga lungisa inhlabathi efanele, okufanele ibe nokwakheka okulula ukuze umswakama umunxwe kahle.
Ingxube yenhlabathi elungiswe ngesisekelo se-substrate yamaqabunga, isihlabathi somfula kanye ne-humus ku-ratio 1: 1: 2 ithathwa njengento enhle .. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa ibhokisi, umhlabathi uyadonswa, bese beka imbewu ebusweni. Azidingi ukungcwatshwa.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, okutshaliwe kuniselwa ngamanzi ahleliwe ekushiseni kwegumbi kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokufafaza. Okulandelayo, ibhokisi lembewu amboze ngengilazi futhi idluliselwe ebhethri. Imbewu ikhula ngokushesha uma izinga lokushisa liyi-24 ... + 27 degrees Celsius egumbini.
Kubalulekile nsuku zonke enze sishaye, airing. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuhluma kwembewu, ngoba lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukuvela okuvela engilazini ezitshalweni.
Ukunakekela izithombo nokukhetha
Esikhathini esingangesonto nje ukusuka kwezithombo, izithombo zingadluliselwa endaweni epholile. Lapho kudlula amasonto ambalwa, ingilazi ingasuswa ngokuphelele.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ebusika, amahora wemini amafushane, izithombo zidinga ukugqamiswa usebenzisa i-phytolamp, efakwe amahora ama-3-5 ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Lapho kudlula amanye amasonto amathathu futhi amahlumela akha amaqabunga amabili kwangempela, ukukhetha. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izitshalo azitshalwa akukho eduze kuka-2-3 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukukhethwa okulandelayo kuyenziwa.
Manje ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lenyuka laya ku-5-6 cm.Bungenani kanye ngesonto kuyadingeka ukondla: Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isixazululo esidingekayo sokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali.
Lapho kuqala ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, esivame ukwenzeka ngoMeyi, izithombo otshalwe emabhodweni ahlukene ngesilinganiso esingu-0.5 amalitha.
Ngaphambi kokufika phansi, kubalulekile ukubeka imisele nge-cm engu-12. Sele ibekwe phezu kwayo inhlabathi elungiselelwe kusuka enhlabathini eshidi, i-humus nesihlabathi, ethathwe ngokwesilinganiso 4: 1: 1.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezithandwayo zokuhlobisa, ama-begonia avelele, okuyinto abalimi abaningi abanolwazi abazi ngayo. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezinye izihlobo, yena izimbali ezinhle ezahlukene. Namuhla kungatshalwa ekhaya, ngoba lesi sitshalo sithande impela, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nezinkinga ezikhethekile lapho sikhula futhi sizinakekela.
