Izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-legume zingasithuthukisa kaningi isimo senhlabathi ewohlokile. I-Bean siderates inika inhlabathi inani elidingekile le-nitrogen, izakhi zomzimba ngaleyo ndlela ibuyisa ukuzala kwayo. Ukukhethwa komanyolo oluhlaza kuncike enhlabathini etholakalayo. Ngohlobo ngalunye lomhlabathi kukhona i-siderat efanelekayo yebhontshisi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha kahle kwesitshalo sikabhontshisi.
Ama-siderates amahle kakhulu avela emndenini we-legume
Foba ubhontshisi
Lesi sitshalo sinohlelo oluqinile lwezimpande nesiqu esinamandla, esinamanzi. Ingatshalwa enhlabathini ehlukahlukene - i-marshy, i-clayey ne-podzolic. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke siyakwazi ukunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi futhi igcwalise ngamanani anele nge-nitrogen. Ukondla ubhontshisi kuvimbela ukusakazwa kokhula.
Kumamitha-skwele ayikhulu umhlaba uzodinga cishe ama-2,5 kg wembewu yalesi sitshalo se-herbaceous. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe amagremu angama-60 e-nitrogen, cishe amagremu angama-25 we phosphorus kanye nama-gramu ayi-60 e-potassium azokwakhiwa ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi yalesi sigaba.
Ukondla ubhontshisi izitshalo ezingavimbani nemithi. Bayakwazi ukukhula kumazinga okushisa aze afike ku-8 degrees ngaphansi kwe-zero. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo zingatshalwa ngokuphephile ngemuva kokuvuna isivuno esikhulu esizeni, futhi zizoba nesikhathi sokukhula zibe yiqhwa elinamandla nokubanda ebusika.
I-Vetch
IVika isitshalo esikhuphukayo esidinga ukusekelwa ngendlela yesinye isilimo esimeme kakhulu. Imvamisa lo manyolo oluhlaza uhlwanyelwa ngama-oats, oba yisisekelo esinjalo. Isitshalo sinezimbali ezincane zohlobo lwe-violet hue. Izinzuzo ze-wiki ngaphezulu kwezinye izitshalo ze-siderat ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwesisindo eluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, i-vetch ingahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo zemifino.
Umuthi lo uvimbela ukusabalala kokhula kanye nokubhujiswa kwenhlabathi. Ikhula kuphela enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi. Kumamitha ayi-10 omhlaba, kuzodingeka ama-1.5 kg wembewu. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi izothuthukiswa nge-nitrogen (ngaphezu kwe-150 g), phosphorus (ngaphezu kwama-70 g) ne-potassium (200 g).
Ukucheba lo manyolo oluhlaza wobhontshisi wenziwa ngenkathi kwenziwa ama-buds noma ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Kumatamatisi akhulayo neklabishi, i-vetch iyisandulelo esihle kunazo zonke.
Peas
I-peas nayo ingeka-siderata, ithola isisindo esiluhlaza ngokushesha. Lo manyolo oluhlaza ukhula nje ngenyanga nesigamu, kepha wesaba kakhulu amafrimu asebusuku. Ukwehla okuncane kokushisa komoya akuyona ingozi kuye.
I-peas ihlwanyelwa kangcono ngo-Agasti, lapho isivuno esiningi sivunwa. Ukucheba lesi sitshalo kunconyelwa ngenkathi kwakhiwa amahlumela. I-Pea izizwa ifaneleka emhlabathini onomswakama ongathathi hlangothi. Lo manyolo oluhlaza obhontshisi uvuselela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi uthuthukise ukushintshiselana komoya. Inhlabathi iyaxega futhi ibambe umswakama kalula.
Kumamitha ayi-10 omhlaba, kuzodingeka ama-2-3 kg wembewu, okuzothi ekuhambeni kwesikhathi athuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ngo-115 g we-nitrogen, 70 g we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium engaphezu kwama-210 g.
UDonik
Emndenini wezinqe kukhona i-clover yonyaka kanye ne-biennial. Njengomuntu osemgwaqweni, kuvame ukusetshenziswa i-clover eneminyaka emibili. Lesi sitshalo sinohlamvu olude (olungaphezu kwemitha eyi-1) olunezimbali ezincane ezinephunga elimnandi izinyosi ezithanda ukuzidlela.
Isitshalo asesabi ukubanda nesomiso. Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lungena lujule enhlabathini futhi ukusuka lapho lukhipha izinto eziningi ezilusizo. I-Melilot ingakhula enhlabathini yenhlanganisela ehlukile. Uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuzala kwabo, athuthukise ukwakheka. Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous siyithuluzi elihle lokulawula izinambuzane.
Le siderat yabhontshani ihlwanyelwa ekugcineni kwenkathi yehlobo, ikhule, kepha ayigawulwa ekwindla, kodwa ishiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. I-melilot eyeqile ngokweqile ngokufika kokushisa kwentwasahlobo ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuyilima ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Imbewu yesitshalo incane. Cishe ama-200 g azodingeka kumhlaba wamamitha-skwele ayikhulu. Esizeni esinendawo enjalo, i-clover iqukethe kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-250 g we-nitrogen, icishe ibe yi-100 g ye-phosphorus futhi isuka ku-100 iye kwangama-300 g we potassium.
Lupine minyaka yonke
I-lupine isitshalo esinezimonyo esibhekwa njengowowuluhlaza oluhlaza ongcono kakhulu. Isitshalo sinamaqabunga esundu, iziqu eziqonde kanye nezimbali ezincane ze-lilac noma i-purple hue, eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence. Isici saso esiyinhloko sokuhlukanisa siyizimpande ezijulile nezinde ezinde (kufika kumamitha ayi-2).
I-lupine ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa, ukuvuselela nokubuyisela isakhiwo somhlabathi otshabalalise kakhulu futhi ompofu. Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lwenza umhlaba ukhululeke futhi utholakale kalula ngokungena komswakama nomoya.
Isitshalo kumele sihlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasehlobo ehlobo. Esigabeni sokuqala, i-lupine idinga ukuthambisa okuningi nokujwayelekile. ISiderat iyagawulwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kepha njalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Lokhu kusengaphambili okuhle kwama-sitrobheli kanye nama-sitrobheli.
Kumamitha ayi-10 omhlaba, kuzodingeka ama-2-3 kg wembewu, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ukwakheka kwalesi sitshalo sikabhontshisi kuqukethe i-nitrogen (200 kuya ku-250 amagremu), phosphorus (55-65 g) ne-potassium (180-220 g).
Alfalfa
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi, sithanda umswakama nokufudumala. I-Alfalfa iyakwazi ukulawula i-acidity yenhlabathi futhi inikeze zonke izinto ezidingekayo ze-organic. Ifunwa kakhulu ekukhetheni kwenhlabathi. Ngeke ikhule iswinky, stony kanye nenhlabathi ezisindayo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi futhi okujwayelekile ukwakha ngokushesha ubunzima obuluhlaza. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, i-alfalfa iqala ukuqhakaza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi inani lokuluhlaza ngokuhlaza ligcina lincane. Sika i-siderat ekwakhekeni kwamahlamvu.
Kumamitha skwele ayinkulungwane komhlaba, i-100-150 g yembewu ye-alfalfa yanele.
USeradella
Lo manyolo oluhlaza wobhontshisi oyi-hygrophilous ungowezitshalo zonyaka. Ngokutshala kwayo isimo sezulu esifanele sezulu nezimvula ezihlala zikhona kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi nendawo eshisayo. Ibekezelela amafrimu amancane. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi ngaphandle kwe-acidic.
I-Saradella ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-45 yakha ubunzima obuluhlaza obudingekayo. Kuyathengwa futhi kushiywe kwakhiwa imifino emisha.
Lesi sitshalo sinomthelela ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, futhi siphinde sixoshe nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ukulungiselela ukukhula endaweni enomswakama noma kumswakama ophezulu njalo.
Esiqeshini sezingxenye eziyikhulu ezidliwe kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-500 g wembewu yezitshalo. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuthuthukiswa okungenani yi-100 g ye-nitrogen, cishe i-50 g ye-phosphorus kanye ne-200 g ye-potassium.
I-Sainfoin
I-Bean siderat sainfoin isitshalo esidala ukukhula okungakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-7. Akesabi isithwathwa, imimoya ebandayo nesimo sezulu esibamba isomiso. Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-sainfoin yakha uhlelo lwezimpande, wonke amandla ayo aya kulokho kuphela. Kepha eminyakeni elandelayo, umquba oluhlaza ukhulisa inani elikhulu lomanyolo oluhlaza.
Isici esihlukile sesitshalo ukukwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezinamadwala ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Ubude bezimpande zalo bufinyelela ku-10 m ngokujula. Ukusuka ekujuleni okunjalo, izimpande zifinyelela izinto eziphilayo eziwusizo ezingatholakali zezinye izitshalo.
Ukutshala uzungu lwezingxenye eziyikhulu kuzodinga mayelana ne-1 kg yembewu.
