Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lolu phawu oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi esejwayele amapaki nezigaba zesihlahla alutholakala esimweni sendawo yakithi. UThuja weza kithi evela engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada nengxenye esenyakatho ye-United States emakhulukhulu eminyaka edlule. Ezimweni zemvelo, ezweni lakubo, i-thuja ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-20, eziphethweni zethu kuvame kakhulu ukuyibona cishe ibe ngamamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama.
Tui.
I-Thuja isitshalo esine-coniferous evela emndenini weCypress, ongaba isihlahla noma isihlahla esinamahlumela asicaba. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-thuja:
- Thuja entshonalanga, noma umuthi wokuphila (Thuja occidentalis);
- Thuja Sichuan, noma Thuja chinese (Thuja sutchuenensis);
- Thuja Kikorea (Thuja koraiensis);
- Thuja japanese, noma Thuja Standisha (Thuja standishii);
- Kugoqiwe thuja, noma Thuja omkhulu (Thuja plicata).
Zonke izinhlobo ze-arborvitae zihlala ziluhlaza ngomqhele, kanti izinaliti ziyakubekezelela ukungcoliswa komoya okubandayo nomoya. Ngakho-ke, zilungele ukuhlukanisa amadolobha ngokubuka ezindaweni ezinomusa. Izinkuni zeThuja zinamafutha abalulekile anamakha anikeza isitshalo iphunga elimnandi. Ekulandeni kwethu okubandayo, izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-thuja lasentshonalanga zikhula kahle futhi zibekezelele ubusika.
Thuja entshonalanga - Isigaxa esihlala sivela emndenini weCypress (Cupressaceae), uhlobo lweThuja, olutholakala ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Ngenxa yenombolo enkulu yezindlela zokuhlobisa ezihlotshiswe kakhulu, ubusika bokubanzima, ukuqina nokumelana nezimo zasemadolobheni, i-thuja yasentshonalanga idlangile kakhulu kulimi lokuhlobisa kuwo wonke amazwekazi ezindaweni eziningi zezulu.
Ukufika kukaThuja
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala i-thuja engadini, bese ukhetha isiza lapho ilanga lingashoni usuku lonke. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile njalo, lesi sitshalo singase siphelelwe ngamanzi noma sigule ebusika kusuka kusihlwa. Inhlabathi ifaneleka kahle ngokufakwa kwe-peat nesihlabathi. Ngaphandle kwezinkinga, i-thuja izokhula kunoma yimuphi omunye umhlabathi - esixhaphozini, obumba, kusihlabathi. Lapho utshala i-thuja ngamaqembu, kuyadingeka ukugcina ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla, kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuya ku-5, okungukuthi, lapho utshala uthango lomgwaqo owodwa, imitha eli-1, uthango lomugqa ophindwe kabili, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2, nalapho utshala izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-thuja ku- kufika ku-5 m. Akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi izihlahla azikhuli hhayi kuphela ekuphakameni, kepha futhi ububanzi. Ukutshala ukujula - cm- 60-80 cm. Kungcono ukutshala i-thuja entwasahlobo, noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka i-thuja ikubekezelela ukufika kahle ngezenzo ezifanele zomgcini wegadi.
I-thuja ikhule emoyeni: emhlabathini ovulekile noma ebhodweni, endaweni eyodwa nasezigcawini, emigodini, ezindaweni ezihlala izihlahla, lapho kungenzeka khona endaweni epholile nenomswakama. Imvamisa lezi zitshalo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ngoNovemba noma ngoMashi. Bancamela inhlabathi ejulile futhi emanzi kancane, kepha enamanzi amaningi. Kwama-hedges, i-thuja itshaliwe, ibheka ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-60-70 phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukukhula kwe-thaw ezimbizeni noma emibhedeni yezimbali, sebenzisa i-substrate ye-peat kanye nezithelo zezwe ngokufakwa kukamanyolo we-organic enani lama-30-50 amagremu ngebhakede lomhlabathi. Kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, kwenziwa umanyolo owenziwa ngomanyolo ngamaminerali.
Udonga oluphilayo lwe-thuja.
Ukukhula thuja
I-Thuja ingakhula kokubili endaweni enelanga futhi emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha emithunzi ephelele yomqhele wayo. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi kufanelekile: i-peaty, ubumba, i-loam enesihlabathi eyomile, into esemqoka ukuthi yande kahle. Kwinhlabathi enomswakama esindayo, amanzi akhiwa ngesendlalelo esingu-15-20 cm, amapayipi ngemigodi abekwa ezibhukuda.
Lapho uthenga futhi ufake ezinye izitshalo, qiniseka ukuthi isigaxa sobumba esizungeze izimpande ze-thuja siyagcinwa. Izitshalo ezincane ziyakubekezelela ukufakelwa kalula. Imigodi yokutshala kufanele ibe ngu-60-80 cm ukujula - kuya ngosayizi wenhlama yomhlaba, ukuphakama nobubanzi bomqhele wesitshalo. Zimbozwe ngengxube ye-turf noma inhlabathi enamaqabunga, i-peat nesihlabathi (2: 1: 1) ngokufakwa (ngesikhathi sokutshala) kwe-50-100 g ye-nitroammophoska yesitshalo ngasinye esidala. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi.
Ukutshala izitshalo ngamaqembu, phakathi kwawo kumelana nebanga le-3 kuya ku-5 m, kugxilwe ngosayizi wezihlahla ezizayo. Ezindalini ze-thuja zivame ukutshala amamitha amane ukusuka kwelinye.
Bondla izitshalo entwasahlobo. Imvamisa, kusetshenziselwa izichumisi eziyinkimbinkimbi zalokhu, ngokwesibonelo, iKemiru-universal, ngesilinganiso se-50-60 g / m2. Uma kwenziwa umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili.
Izinaliti ezinhle kakhulu ze-thuja zikhipha umswakama omningi, ngakho-ke, ukumiswa kwenhlabathi, kufaka phakathi ekwindla, akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokutshala, iniselwa kanye ngesonto (amalitha ayi-10-50 ngesithombo ngasinye, kuye ngobukhulu bayo), ngaphezu kwalokho, umqhele kufanele uniselwe. Ngenxa yokufafaza, uthuli aluhlanzeki nje kuphela: i-stomata yamaqabunga iyavuleka, isitshalo siba lula ukuphefumula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zonke izinqubo zomzimba ziqhubeka ngokunzulu.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, inhlabathi idedelwa ekujuleni kwama-8-10 cm (i-thuja inohlelo lwezimpande olungaphezulu). Imibuthano ye-Trunk ngokukhethekile mulch - i-peat, izinkuni zokhuni, amagxolo, umquba. Lokhu kuzovikela izimpande kusuka ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nokomisa ehlobo nasekuqandeni ngokushesha ebusika.
Izitshalo zigcinwa iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yokuqala ukuvikela ubusika nokushiswa yilanga. Ama-thuja amadala aqine impela ebusika. Kodwa-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi udonse amahlumela ezihlahla ezinde kancane kancane nge-twine ukuze imiqhele yazo ingaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa elimanzi.
Tui.
Ukuzalela kukaThuja
I-Thuja ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu nange-vegetatively. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyamukeleka kuphela ezinhlotsheni ze-thuja, kepha hhayi amafomu nezinhlobonhlobo (izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zizolahleka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ekhathazayo futhi ende: kuthatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ukukhulisa isithombo. Imbewu kumele zikhethwe kabusha. Babhekene nokuhlatshwa kwemvelo imvelo, kushiya ekwindla ngaphansi kweqhwa. Entwasahlobo bahlwanyela emigqeni, bajula kuphela ngu-0.5 cm, abafafazwe kancane nge-sawdust ye-coniferous. Izithombo zeThuja zimbozwa ngezihlangu ezivela elangeni, inhlabathi igcinwa isesimweni esihlelekile futhi esimanzi. Bondliwa isisombululo esibuthakathaka sokudilikiswa (1: 20).
Imvamisa entshonalanga kanye nezindlela zayo kusatshalaliswa ukusikwa okunemibala (kusetshenziswa amahlumela aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala ama-25-40 cm) kanye nama-semi-lignified (ukukhula konyaka wamanje we-10-20 cm ubude, osikwe ngoJuni). Ukusikwa kuyanqunywa ukuze engxenyeni yehlumela kube nocezu oluncane lokhuni oludala - isithende. Kulokhu, le izimpande ukusikwa kangcono. Baphathwa ngesisombululo se-heteroauxin futhi babekwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Inhlabathi ilungiswa kusuka engxenyeni yesihlabathi somfula nge-peat kanye ne-sod land (ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1), ibulawa magciwane nge-potassium permanganate. Ukujula kokutshala isibambo kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2,5 cm.
Ku-greenhouse, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama ophezulu ngaphandle kokugcoba i-substrate, ngakho-ke ukufafaza kufiseleka kakhulu kunokunisela. Izithombo ezisikiwe zisezingeni, yenza lukhuni. NgoNovemba, bafaka ngamaqabunga, ngama-sawdust noma ngamagatsha ama-spruce spruce, kuthi lapho kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa (-5 ... -7 -C) bakwengeza ngefilimu.
I-flowerbed ene-thuja.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-thuja
Amagciwane ayingozi abangela izifo: isikhunta se-genus Fusarium, i-cytospore, uThomas nabanye. Bashaya imiqhele, amahlumela, izinaliti. I-Shute tui brown ilimaza izinaliti kuphela. Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, iBordeaux iyasetshenziswa noma i-karotsid. Kuhlwanyelwa izihlahla, ziqala entwasahlobo, ngokunqenqemana kwamasonto amabili, zize zilulame ngokuphelele.
Kulezi zinambuzane, ama-thuja aphid kanye nezihlangu zamanga ze-thuja eziyingozi kakhulu. Izinaliti ezilinyazwe ama-aphid ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi ziwe. Ukuze usisuse, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa kaningana nge-malathion, uphondo noma i-decis. Akukho monakalo omncane obangelwa yisihlangu samanga esikhulu, esitholakala ezinalwaneni nasegatsheni. Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, izitshalo zifafazwa nge-karbofos, ekupheleni kukaJuni ziphathwa kabili nge-actellik, i-Hornhorn noma i-chlorophos (ngokuphumula kweviki elilodwa nesigamu kuya emasontweni amabili).
UThuja uzohlobisa kahle ingadi yakho! Lesi sihlahla esihle se-coniferous, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinephunga elimnandi kakhulu!
