Ubuhle nokukhohlisa - izitshalo ezinobuthi ekwakhiweni kwengadi

Izingxenye zezwe nezendlu ziyafinyeleleka ngaphandle kwezimbali. Izindlela ezinesizotha ezakhiwe ngama-tulips, imibhede yezimbali ebabazekayo yonyaka emangalisa iso ngokuhlanganiswa kombala, ama-conifers aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezinhle engadini, endlini, emapaki amadolobha nasezigcawini. Kepha, njengoba umlingisi omkhulu uRanevskaya eshilo kwenye yamafilimu: "Ubuhle bungamandla amabi," izitshalo nezimbali kuyingozi. Ngithanda ukwelula umhlangano nabo, futhi manje kunesidlo etafuleni, ikhala impova, isiqu emazinyweni ami, bese, bese kuthi… malaise, i-ambulensi, ukuvuselelwa kabusha. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisana nezitshalo ezithile nezimbali, kwesinye isikhathi ngamagilavu, futhi ujabulele iphunga ebangeni elihle.

Ukuqala ukuhlobisa ingadi, ukubuka imvelo yendawo yendlu, udinga ukuzijwayeza imininingwane ezitshalweni ezikhethiwe. Ukusuka ezitshalweni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-350, susa izitshalo ezinoshevu engadini nasekhaya (noma uvikele izingane zakho, ikakhulukazi abaphethwe yi-allergy). Yenza imibhede yezimbali nezimbali zemibhede engadini yakho iphephe.

Ezinye zezitshalo ezitshaliwe zingaba yingozi empilweni.

Izihlahla ezinoshevu zisetshenziswa

Akukho sigcawu sendawo eyodwa yangasese, ipaki lomphakathi noma isikwele esingakwenza ngaphandle kokudonswa kwemithi ngendlela yezihlahla eziqhakaza ezinezihlahla ezibanzi eziqhakaza amanzi, izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezinamaqhuqhuva, izitshalo zasendle ezingama-herbaceous. Akuwona wonke lawo angenabungozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Izitshalo ezijwayelekile zingaba nezakhiwo eziyingozi empilweni.

Ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili nezinye izinto, abanye bazofuna ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala. Kepha izitshalo akudingeki ukuba zichithwe. Zingavikelwa noma zidluliselwe kwenye indawo ukuze zingafinyeleleki ezinganeni nasezilwaneni, abathandi bezama konke okusezinyo noma olimini.

IHydrangea

Imvamisa, amabhola amhlophe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okhanyayo noma omnyama ophuzi weHydrangea alengiswa kusuka ezingadini ezingaphambili. Akuwona wonke ama-hydrangeas anobuthi. Kodwa-ke, uma izilwane zidlula esihlahleni, ngeke zilidle iqabunga - uphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi isitshalo sinobuthi.

Inani elikhulu le-cyanide liqukethe Ama-hydrangeas amakhulu amaqabunga (IHydrangea macrophylla), ikakhulukazi efihlekile zezimbali. Umbala we-inflorescence awuthinti ubuthi bawo. Izimpawu ezinobuthi zokuthi ubuthi zenzeka uma uhlafuna amaqabunga noma ihlumela lezimbali: ukufupheka komoya, ukufoka amandla, ukwehla kwengcindezi ngokushaya ngamandla, ukuqina.

Ama-hydrangeas ayizitshalo ezinobuthi ngokulingana, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziqukethe i-cyanogenic glycosides, ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ekudleni kuyaphikiswa futhi kungaholela ekutheni ubuthi.

Ukulinyelwa engadini, ungasebenzisa amakhilogremu waseRussia, okubonakaliswa kuwo ubuthi ngokuphelele anyamalale ngeminyaka. IHydrangea serratus, noma iTea hydrangea (I-Nyrangea serrata) - isihlahla esamukelekile engadini. Amaqabunga awo awanobuthi. EJapan naseKorea, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo okunoshukela omningi, basebenziswa njenge-sweetener kwimikhuba yabanesifo sikashukela.

IHydrangea enkulu (iHydrangea macrophylla). © enbodenumer

Oleander

Kuyajabulisa Oleander ezejwayelekile (Nerium oleander) okushintshwe ngezimbali ezi-pink ezibucayi asishiyi muntu. Lesi sitshalo sihle kakhulu ebukhazikhazini baso obuhle kangangokuba abanye abalimi, ngisho nokubazi ubuthi bayo, basakhulisa lesi sitshalo hhayi endaweni evulekile kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindlini, ezindlini zokugcina izinto zasendlini nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo.

Ukubukeka okunomusa kufihla izinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ezimbi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Isitshalo sonke sinobuthi: umpe wezimbali, ujusi, amahlumela amasha namaqabunga. Iqabunga elilodwa lingalimaza isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, lithinte amasistimu wokugaya nokujikeleza kwegazi. Iphunga elimnandi elihehayo libangela ikhanda, isicanucanu, ukuphefumula kuze kufike lapho kudingeka futhi kuthathe izinyathelo zokuvuselela umzimba.

Ubungozi be-oleander kungenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-oleander, i-konain kanye namanye ama-glycosides e-cardiac esitshalweni.

I-oleander ejwayelekile (iNerium oleander). © Ihlathi noKim Starr

I-Rhododendron

Esinye isitshalo esinobuthi yi-Rhododendron ehlala ibuna njaloI-Rhododendron), omacembe awo futhi asebenza njengomhlobiso ophilayo wensimu ebusika. Ngobuhle obuyingqayizivele bezimbali ezinkulu ezinhle kakhulu zehlathi, upinki, omhlophe, onsomi neminye imibala, i-Rhododendron ibizwa ngokuthi isitshalo saphezulu. Kepha ku-Rhododendron, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuthi futhi, uma zidakiwe, zingadala ukoma.

I-Rhododendrons iqukethe i-andromedotoxin, ekhuluma ngama-neurotoxins; iphazamisa ama-receptors amaselula, angabulala. I-Azaleas, evela emndenini ofanayo, nayo ingabangelwa izitshalo ezinobuthi.

I-Rhododendron (Rhododendron). © Ben Rushbrooke

Ubuthi uthango oluhlaza

Kwesinye isikhathi izindawo ezicijile ezinezicucu zomjondolo zigxunyekwe izihlahla zokuhlobisa zisebenzisa UDaphne (UDaphne), I-Snowman (I-Symphoricarpos), I-Biryuchin (ILigustrum), I-Euonymus (I-Euonymus) nabanye. Amathanga amahle ahlobisa kakhulu unyaka wonke. Amabhokisi aqhakaza we-euonymus anamajikijolo angenamanzi afihla imbewu enobuthi, amajikijolo amhlophe amajikijolo eqhwa elineqhwa, amajikijolo amnyama ama-privet athanda ukukhohlisa kangangokuba izingane zivame ukuzinambitha zingazi nabazali bazo.

Kodwa-ke, izithelo zalezi zitshalo ezinobuthi ziqukethe ama-alkaloid anobuthi angadala isiyezi, ukugabha, nokufiphala.

Akudingeki ezweni kanye ne-daphne. Zonke izingxenye zinobuthi kuwo - amagxolo, amaqabunga, izimbali ngisho namajikijolo. Amagxolo ase-Wet acasula isikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous iso, futhi amajikijolo ambalwa adliwayo angadala ukufa ezinganeni.

Daphne ezejwayelekile, noma ezibulalayo (Daphne mezereum). © Vilma Bharatan

U-Euonymus (Euonymus). © Peter Greenwood

Isithwathwa (Symphoricarpos). © HEN-Magonza

I-Conifers enobuthi

Izinaliti zihlobisa ngokungafani nalutho. Abahlobisi babheka amaConifers njengamakhosikazi eklanywe ngokubukwa komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezinkulu zezindlu, utshani obunqenqemeni obuhloselwe ukuphumula buhlotshiswe ngezitshalo ze-coniffort - Juniper (Juniperus), I-Yew berry (I-Taxus baccata), UThuli (Thuja) Kulezi amasiko, kukhona abamele abangenangozi futhi izinhlobo kunobuthi.

Isibonelo, i-yew berry ingesinye sezitshalo ezinobuthi kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ezitshalweni, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuthi ngokhuni, amagxolo, izinaliti, amahlumela amasha. Kepha ubuthi obukhulu kunabo bonke ku-yew yimbewu efihlekile ku-berry obomvu obomvu obomvu.

UJuniper Cossack, umholi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinoshevu zamajunipers, unamajikijolo amnyama aqhakaza, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-estores anoshevu kanye nama-resins, kanye nokukhula okusha konyaka kunobuthi.

Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezakhayo zibhekwa njengeyingozi ikakhulukazi, ezinye izinhlobo ze-thuja zithathwa njengezinobuthi ingxenye. Ukwenqaba ukuhlobisa ingadi ngama-conifers akudingekile, kepha kuyadingeka ukuwavikela ekungeneni kwezingane. Uma lokhu kungokutshala kwe-tapeworm, kususe kude nezindawo zokuphumula, uma kuxoviwe i-mixborder, kungcono ukuyihlukanisa ngamathrekhi ngetheyiphu yokutshala okuluhlaza yezimbali ezingenabuthi.

Juniper (Juniperus). © k_listman

I-Yew berry (i-Taxus baccata). © Brigitte E

UThuja (Thuja). © Owl Photo

Izimbali ezinoshevu

Ziyanda izakhamizi zasehlathini nasemasimini. Iminduze enhle yesigodi yaguqa insimbi yayo, iboshwe iso elinogwababa, isandla seluliwe ukuze sikhethe utshani bokulala, ukunambitha amabhulethi amancane amahle okuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa ukuqhakaza izimbali akuyona ingozi. Ubuhle bawo futhi "bunamandla amabi."

Imisebe enobuthi enobuthi engadini

Abathandi-balimi baqhakaza izingadi ezivela entwasahlobo yokuqala futhi esimweni sezimbali zihamba ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ungamkhumbuli odumile Izithwathwa zeqhwa (Galanthus), Muscari (Muscari), Iziphonso noma I-Scyls (IScilla), Izinhlokomo noma ISaffron (I-Crocus), ezithathelwa indawo AmaHyacinths (IHyacinthus), bese kuqhuma Ama-Daffodils (I-Narcissus) namanye ama-bulbs, ama-bulbs awo angaletha imizuzu eminingi engathandeki kubathandi ukuzama exotic izinyo.

Ama-daffodils aqukethe i-alkaloid litorin, ama-hyacinths aqongelela i-oxalic acid kumabala. Zombili lezi zinto, lapho zigxotshwa, zithinta ipheshana lesisu futhi, lapho zixhumana nesikhumba esibucayi, zibangela isikhumba sothinta. Akuwenzi mqondo ukuchaza ukubukeka kwalezi zitshalo. Bajwayelene nawe.

Ama bulbs walezi zitshalo anobuthi obukhulu kubantu. Babanga isicanucanu, ukugabha, isifo sohudo esinamandla, abane-allergen - ukukhwehlela okukhohlisayo. Udinga ukusebenzisana nalezi zitshalo ngamagilavu, ungathinti amehlo akho, ungaphuzi ubisi, ngoba kusheshisa ukufakwa kobuthi emzimbeni.

IHyacinth (iHyacinthus). © Lindsey Renton

I-Crocus, noma i-Saffron (iCrocus). © uWilliam

Ama-Snowdrops (Galanthus). © KotomiCreations

I-Narcissus (Narcissus). © Blondinrikard Fröberg

Scilla, noma Scylla (Scilla). © Thomas Wikstrom

I-Muscari, noma iMouse Hyacinth (Muscari). © Anastasia

Kwangathi iminduze yesigodi

Kwangathi iminduze yesigodi (Convallaria majalis) noma "izinyembezi zikaMama kaNkulunkulu" kuthiwa yisithunywa sentwasahlobo. Iheha ngobuhle obumnandi bezinsimbi ezincane ezimhlophe zama-spike inflorescences. Kuhlanganiswe nezimbali ezimhlophe, amaqabunga amnyama obanzi obugcwele obugcwele bendawo ene-arc-anendawo enhle kakhulu. Isandla sifinyelela ekutholeni amabhola abomvu angajwayelekile amajikijolo, sinambithe.

Yonke iminduze yesitshalo sesigodi inobuthi, iqukethe i-konvallatoksin, strofantidin, konvallozid, esebenza enhliziyweni. Ngisho namanzi lapho kwakukhona khona inqwaba yeminduze yesigodi iba yingozi. Amajikijolo anobuthi ikakhulukazi. Iminduze yesigodi ibangela isiyezi, isicanucanu, ikhanda. Izinto eziqukethwe esitshalweni, uma zingaphakathi, zingadala ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Engadini, kungcono ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezihlakulelwe zomnduze wesigodi. Amakhukhamba ayingozi kangako.

I-Zantedesia (callas)

Kwezinye izindawo zasendaweni, izingadi, amapaki amadolobha nezigcawu, imibhede emikhulu yezimbali kanye nama-rockeries akhula ama-callas anaphakade - Ziedesci (I-Zaredeschia) Bahle ngobuhle ngobuhle babo obumnandi. Iqabunga elilodwa nje eligoqiwe (i-calla), kepha ungakanani umusa futhi akekho ongeza kuphela - ubuthi.

Ijusi le-intracellular lesitshalo linobuthi. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziqukethe i-calcium oxalate, eyakha amakristalu ezinaliti ezithweni zangaphakathi. Ngendlela, ubuthi obufanayo buqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 zokuqhakaza emhlabathini. Ukusondelana eduze nojusi wesitshalo kubangela ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala komphimbo kuze kufinyelele.

I-Aconite ne-Delphinium

Muhle I-Aconite (I-Aconitum) phezu kombhede wezimbali. Izigqoko zakhe ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo nazo zonke izithunzi zama-inflorescence Delphinium (Delphinium) uvumelane ngokuphelele ohlelweni lombala nge Idijithali (Idijithali), I-Aquilegia (I-Aquilegia), I-Freezer (IHelleborus).

Okuyingozi kunazo zonke izitshalo eziqhakazayo engadini yi-aconite (wrestler) ne-delphinium. Ama-alkaloid anobuthi kakhulu angangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa isikhumba lapho ethintana nezitshalo. Lapho igxotshwa, ubuthi bukhubazeka phakathi nesistimu yezinzwa, inhliziyo nenqubo yokuphefumula.

I-Aquilegia ne-hellebore kubangela ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwamehlo, lomlomo, lwempumulo, kanye nepheshana lesisu lapho lingena emzimbeni. Amalungu omndeni wabantu abadala angasebenza esivandeni nalezi zitshalo, ungazihlonipha ngokungesabi, futhi izingane kufanele zivikelwe ekuxhumaneni nazo.

Ubungozi Bama-Moorish Lawns

Engxenyeni emfushane yemvelo ethola iqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuba ujwayele umfundi ngazo zonke izinhlobo ezinobuthi eziqhakazayo ezihlotshisayo nezihlotshiswe ngamaqabunga nezingadi. Kepha noma imininingwane ebhalwe ngaphezulu inika umbono wokuthi yiziphi izitshalo esingabungane nazo, hhayi ukusola "umlingisi" wazo wangempela.

Utshani bamaMoor

Namuhla kusetshenziswa ama-dachas amaningi nezindawo ezihlangene ekuzijabuliseni, kunokusebenzela nsuku zonke emibhedeni yemifino nasengadini. Ukuqanjwa kwezindawo zokuphumula ngesitayela samahaladi amaMoorish, empeleni amelela indawo ethile ehlwanyelwe izitshalo zasensimini ezahlukahlukene.

Kwengca enjalo, kukhethwe izinhlobo eziyi-10- 40 zezitshalo zasensimini eziqhakaza kahle, zixutshwe bese ziyahlwanyelwa. Itshani aligawulwa kuze kube yilapho imbewu selivuthiwe ngokuphelele, okuzothi ngokuzihlwanyela ngonyaka olandelayo iphindaphinde ibuyise ingubo eluhlaza ekhoneni elihle lokuphumula.

Ukuhlaziywa kwengxube ehlongozwayo eyenziwe yenzelwe ukutshala kukhombisa ukuthi imbewu yezitshalo ezinoshevu inamandla kuzo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza ingxube yezinto ezibonakalayo zembewu ngokwakho. I-Calendula, ifilakisi, i-cornflowers, i-chamomile, ama-clove, ama-not-me-nots, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu zokuhlobisa zingaphephile.

Kumasethi ahlukahlukene wezitshalo zokuqala-eziqhakaza, kuhluma amahlumela, ama-tulips, ama-daffodils, izingwenya, ama-cyclamens anconyiwe. Kepha laba bameleli bezimbali nabo bangabezitshalo ezinoshevu. Bona, uma busetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa utshani, yilapho kuphela leyo ngxenye lapho kungeke kube nezinkundla zokudlala.