IMandarin iphuma eningizimu yeChina kanye neKokhinkhiny (ebizwa ngokuthi iSouth Vietnam ngesikhathi sokubusa kweFrance lapho). Njengamanje, i-mandarin ayitholakali esifundeni sasendle. ENdiya, amazwe ase-Indochina, China, South Korea kanye neJapan - manje lezi yizilimo ezivame kakhulu citrus. IMandarin yethulwe eYurophu kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kodwa njengamanje iyatshalwa kulo lonke elaseMedithera - eSpain, eningizimu yeFrance, iMorocco, i-Algeria, iGibhithe neTurkey. Ibuye ikhule e-Abkhazia, Azzeran nase-Georgia, kanye nase-United States (eFlorida), eBrazil nase-Argentina.
IMandarin yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo eziningana zama-evergreens ohlobo lweCitrus (Icitrus) Umndeni Rutovye (I-Rutaceae) Kusetshenziswa igama elifanayo ukubiza izithelo zalezi zitshalo. Ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ze-mandarin engxenyeni ethi "Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mandarin" kule ndatshana.
Isihlahla saseMandarin ebhodweni.
Emazweni amaningi, i-mandarin ihlotshaniswa ngokwesiko namaholide oNyaka oMusha, njengoba isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ngenyanga kaDisemba. Enyakatho yeVietnam neChina, ama-tangerine afakwa ematafuleni omkhosi oNcibijane kuNyaka Omusha ekhalendeni lenyanga, kodwa ngesimo somuthi onezithelo, ongabhekwa njengohlobo oluthile lwe-analogue yesihlahla sethu sonyaka omusha.
Igama elithi "mandarin" libolekwe ngesiRashiya lisuka olimini lwaseSpain, lapho igama elithi mandarino lisuselwa ku-se mondar ("kulula ukuselula") futhi liqukethe inkomba yempahla yekhasi lesithelo sesitshalo ukuzehlukanisa ngokulula epulpiti.
Incazelo yaseMandarin
IsiMandarin (I-citrus reticulata) - umuthi ongadluli kumamitha ayi-4 ukuphakama, noma isihlahlana. Amahlumela amasha aluhlaza okotshani. Amacala achazwa lapho, eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, i-tangerine ifinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ukuphakama, kanti isivuno somuthi onjalo sasiba yizithelo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5-7.
Amaqabunga eMandarin mancane kakhulu, ama-ovoid noma aqukethe, ama-petioles cishe ngaphandle kwamaphiko noma amaphiko amancane.
Izimbali zaseMandarin zingashadi noma zimbili kumaqabunga amaqabunga, amacembe amhlophe acwebile, okhilimu ikakhulu engxenyeni engenamakha nentuthuko.
Izithelo zaseMandarin zingamasentimitha angama-4-6 ububanzi futhi zifekethisiwe kancane kusuka esisekelweni kuya kufulo, ukuze ububanzi bawo bukhulu kunokuphakama. I-peel is mncane, ikhula iye ku-pulp loosely (kwezinye izinhlobo i-peel ihlukaniswe nge-pulp yi-air layer), izingcezu eziyi-10-12, ihlukaniswe kahle, inyama iphuzi-orange; iphunga elinamandla lalezi zithelo lihlukile kwezinye izithelo ezisawolintshi, i-pulp imvamisa imnandi kune-orange.
Isihlahla seTangerine.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwe-tangerine ekhaya
Ukushisa: Ama-Tangerines afuna ukukhanya nokushisa. Ukubekwa kwezimbali, ukugeleza kwezimbali nokufakwa kwezithelo kwenzeka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa omoya nenhlabathi + 15 ... 18 ° C.
Ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe i-tangerine egumbini elikhanyayo nelibandayo (kufika ku + 12 ° C). Ukungabikho kobusika obubandayo kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sitshalo ngeke sithele izithelo.
IsibaniIsibani esikhanyayo. Kuzoba kuhle eduzane namafasitela asempumalanga nasentshonalanga, kanye nasewindini lasenyakatho. Ukufiphala elangeni eliqondile kuyadingeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu.
Ukunisela: Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, izikhathi eziningi ezi-1-2 ngosuku ngamanzi afudumele; ebusika, ukuthambisa akuvamile futhi kusesilinganisweni - izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto futhi namanzi afudumele. Kodwa-ke, ebusika, i-coma yodaka akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba isomile, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni amaqabunga kanye nokuwa hhayi kwamaqabunga kuphela, kodwa nezithelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi izitshalo ziyafa ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Umswakama womoya: Ama-tangerines afafazwa njalo ehlobo, kepha uma agcinwa egumbini elinokushisa okuphakathi ebusika, nawo ayafafazwa ebusika. Lapho zigcinwa egumbini elinomoya owomile, amawolintshi ahlaselwa izinambuzane (imikhaza nezinambuzane ezikhulukazi).
Ukufakelwa: Izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke. Ukufakelwa akufuneki kwenziwe uma izimpande zesitshalo zingakakhuphi inhlama yobumba. Kulokhu, sekwanele ukushintsha okudonselwe emanzini kanye nangaphezulu ebhodweni. Izihlahla ezithelayo zidluliselwa engadluli kanye kanye eminyakeni eyi-2-3. Kudluliswa ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula. Ekupheleni kokukhula kwezitshalo, ukungena esikhundleni akunconywa. Lapho ukufakelwa kufanele kungabhubhisi kakhulu inhlama yobumba. Kudingeka kunikezwe amanzi alungile. Intamo yezimpande esitsheni esisha kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo njengoba lalinjalo esitsheni esidala.
Inhlabathi yama-tangerine amasha: Izingxenye ezi-2 ze-turf, 1 ingxenye yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye yomquba ovela kumquba wezinkomo nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi.
Inhlabathi yama-tangerine amadala: Izingxenye ezi-3 ze-turf, ingxenye eyi-1 yeqabunga, ingxenye eyi-humus evela kumanyolo wenkomo, 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi kanye nenani elincane lobumba olunamafutha.
ICalamondin, noma i-citrofortunella (iCaladiumin) - isihlahla esihlala sikhula futhi sikhula kahle - i-mandarin ene-kumquat (fortunella).
I-Tangerine Fertilizer: Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo. Kwandisa okuqukethwe ushukela kwezithelo futhi kunciphisa ukunambitheka okubabayo okubonakaliswa kwezithelo zikawolintshi kusiko lasekamelweni. Isitshalo sidinga umanyolo kakhulu, mdala ngokwaso futhi isikhathi eside sisesitsheni esisodwa. Kusetshenziswa izicucu ngemuva kokunisela. Ngokukhanya okwengeziwe kokufakelwa, ama-tangerine ebusika nawo adinga ukuvundiswa. Ama-mandarin, umanyolo we-organic (i-slurry yenkomo) kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali ahlanganisiwe anconyiwe; ezitolo zezimbali ungathenga nomanyolo okhethekile wezithelo zikawolintshi.
Ukuzala: Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-tangerine, kanye nolamula, kuvame ukwenziwa ngokugoma, ukusikwa, ukubekwa kwezimbewu kanye nembewu. Ezimweni zasendlini, indlela ejwayelekile yokusakazeka kwezithelo zezithelo ezisikiwe ukusikwa.
Amathiphu wokukhulisa i-mandadarin
Uma uthanda izithelo zomawolintshi futhi uthathe isinqumo sokuzenzela iholide ekhaya, lapho-ke ungacabanga ngokuthi ungakhula kanjani ama-tangerine ekhaya. AmaMandarins avame ukusakazwa ngokugoma noma ukubeka (indlela yesibili inzima ngokwengeziwe). Esimweni sokuqala, kudingeka ukhathazeke kusengaphambili ngesitoko, lapho yisiphi isitshalo se-citrus esifanelekile khona - i-orange, ulamula noma izithelo zomvini ezitshalwe ekhaya kusuka embewini.
Ukusakazwa kweMandarin
Kungcono ukuthatha abaneminyaka engu-2-4 ubudala ngeziqu zepensela-obukhulu. Kuzo, izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe zigonywe ngeso noma nge-shank. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap, lapho amagxolo ahlukaniswe kalula ngokhuni oluhlwanyelayo, eveza i-cambium. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kungenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu - entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukuze kusebenze ukugeleza kwe-sap, isitshalo izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokugoma siniselwa kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho babheka ukuthi i-bark ihlukaniswe kanjani, bayisike kancane ngaphezu kwendawo okuhloswe ngayo ukuthi ikhule.
Kungcono kubaqalayo ukuqala ukuzijwayeza emagatsheni ezinye izitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-linden. Ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, wonke amaqabunga amaqabunga anqunywa ku-scion, eshiya ama-petioles (ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, aphatha izihlangu zamehlo).
Esiqwini sesithombo esukela ku-5 kuya ku-10 cm kusuka emhlabathini, khetha indawo yokuzifaka ngamagxolo abushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamahlumela nameva. Ngokucophelela kakhulu, ngokunyakaza okukodwa kommese, qala wenze ukugquma okuguquguqukayo kwegxolo (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm), futhi ukusuka maphakathi nalo kusuka phezulu kuya ezansi longitudinal (2 - 3 cm). Amakhona amagxolo ahlanganisiwe adonswa kancane ngethambo lomese occt futhi "alivule" kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho babuyela esimweni sabo sokuqala, kuphela phezulu abacindezeli ngokuqinile (iso lizofakwa kule ndawo).
Ngemuva kokulungisa isitoko, ngaphandle kokungabaza, baqala inqubo ebhekele kakhulu - basika izinso egatsheni le-scion, elalikade lisesikhwameni sepulasitiki. Ekuqaleni, i-scion inqunywa izingcezu, ngayinye yazo ine-petiole nezinso. Ukusikwa okuphezulu kufanele kube ngu-0.5 cm ngaphezu kwezinso, kanti phansi kufanele kube ngu-1 cm. “Isigaxa” esinjalo sibekwa ezansi bese umgobhozi onengqimba eyenziwe ngokhuni usikwa ngesigaxa. Njengoba sebesakaze amakhona egxolo ezimpandeni ngethambo lommese, ngokushesha bafaka iso ku-T-design egcwele, njengasesephaketheni, icindezela kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yokugoma iboshwe ngokuqinile ne-polyethylene noma i-polyvinyl chloride tape, kusukela phansi, ukuze amanzi angabe esageleza ngaphezulu. I-var var engadini ingafakwa ngaphezulu kwetheyipu.
Uma ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 - 3 ama-petiole we-scion ephenduka aphuzi futhi ewa, khona-ke konke kuhleliwe. Futhi uma yomile futhi ihlala, kufanele uqale futhi.
Inyanga ngemuva kokuhluma okuphumelelayo, ingxenye engenhla yesitoko iyanqunywa. Yenza lokhu ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Kuqala, amasentimitha ayi-10 ukuphakama kunomuthi wokugoma, ukuze ungabangeli iso ukuthi lome, futhi lapho likhula, khona-ke ngqo ngaphezulu kwalo - kwisikompiki. Ngaso leso sikhathi khipha i-bandage. Imvamisa ngale ndlela izihlahla ezindala nazo ziyaxhunyelelwa, kodwa hhayi esiqwini, kodwa emagatsheni omqhele. Indlela yokusebenza iyofana.
Green (immature) tangerines.
Izinga lokusinda lokusikwa landa kakhulu uma isiqu sisongelwe ngoboya obotini obumanzi ngaphansi kohlaka bese kufakwa isikhwama sepulasitiki ngaphezulu kwesihlahla, okudala eyaso intsholongwane enomswakama omkhulu.
Ngokuzayo, amahlumela aqhamuka esitokisini kufanele asuswe, ngaphandle kwalokho angakwazi ukuminza i-scion. Izitshalo ezixhunyiwe ziqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu.
Ukunakekelwa KweMandarin Okuqhubekayo
Ezimweni zasekamelweni, ama-tangerine, njengomthetho, ayamangala futhi kancane kancane aphenduka abe izihlahla zokuqala ezimfishane. Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, izithelo ziboshwa ngaphandle kokuvundiswa okufakwayo, zivuthwe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, zivame ukuphela konyaka. Ukunambitheka kwabo kuncike ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo okufanele, okufanele kuthathelwe indawo minyaka yonke ezitsheni ezinkulu ngomhlabathi ovundile, ngokuqikelela ukuthi kungalimali izimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zihlala zondliwa ngamanyolo - amaminerali kanye ne-organic. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukumnika umquba, ujutshwe amahlandla ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa. Umanyolo omuhle ungaba futhi itiye lokulala, elivalelwe ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi.
Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo umswakama "engadini yamawolintshi." Kungafakwa isitsha esikhulu samanzi eduze kwezitshalo. Kuyasiza ukufafaza umqhele wama-mandarin nsuku zonke ngamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhanyiselwa. Izihlahla kufanele zisefasiteleni elikhanyayo. Ekwindla sekwephuzile nasebusika, kungcono ukuthi kulungiswe izibani ezijwayelekile ze-fluorescent ngaphezulu kwazo. Kubandakanya ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, kunwebeka amahora okukhanya kwelanga afinyelela emahoreni ayi-12.
Ehlobo, uma kungenzeka, ama-tangerine agcinwa kakhulu ngaphandle, kepha lapho kungekho moya onamandla nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Izitshalo zijwayele izimo ezintsha kancane kancane - ezinsukwini zokuqala zikukhipha kuphela amahora ambalwa, futhi uma kupholile ngaphandle, isigaxa sobumba simunyiswe ngamanzi afudumele (aze afike ku-40 ° C). Ekhaya, iniselwa cishe nsuku zonke, qiniseka ukuthi umhlaba ebhodweni uhlala umanzi kancane. Kungcono ukuthi ungasebenzisi amanzi ompompi, kodwa amanzi emvula noma eqhwa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mandarin
IMandarin ibonakala nge-polymorphism eqinile, njengomphumela wokuthi amaqembu ezinhlobonhlobo zawo (noma izinhlobo ezihlukile) achazwa ngababhali abahlukahlukene njengezinhlobo ezizimele. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezishisayo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokukhethekile.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ze-tangerine zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- eqenjini lokuqala - thermophilic kakhulu ama-tangerines amahle (I-Citrus nobilis), inamaqabunga amakhulu nezithelo ezikhulu eziphuzi ezisawolintshi ezin peel enkulu
- iqembu lesibili liqukethe i-thermophilic futhi elincane kakhulu ama-tangerines, noma ama-tangerines ase-Italy (I-citrus reticulata) enezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu zewolintshi zesimo esime kancane, embozwe ngethanga le-chubby (iphunga lazo kwezinye izinhlobo libukhali futhi alimnandi kakhulu);
- iqembu lesithathu lifaka phakathi satsuma (noma unshiu) (I-Citrus unshiu) ongowokudabuka eJapan, obonakala ngokuqina okubandayo, amaqabunga amakhulu nezithelo ezincane ezinombala ophuzi-o-orange (ezivame zibe no-peel greenish). Kungama-satsums akhuthazelela amafrimu amancane wesikhashana (kuze kufike ku -7 degrees), akhule ngempumelelo ogwini lolwandle Olumnyama.
Tangerines.
Ngokungafani nama-mandarin nama-tangerine amahle, imbewu iyivelakancane ezitsheni ze-satsum - ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kubizwa nangokuthi i-mandarin engenambewu. Lapho ikhule ezitsheni, izinhlobo zayo zivame ukukhula kube yi-1-1,5 m. Izihlahla ezincane ze-tangerine ezinomqhele omuhle wamahlumela amile kancane, ambozwe ngamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo ikakhulu zihlobisa indlu ziyigcwalise ngephunga elimnandi.
Njengomphumela wokuwela i-mandarin nezinye izithelo zamawolintshi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubumbanisa zitholwe:
- clementine (UClementina) - (i-mandarin x orange) - enezithelo ezincane noma eziphakathi, ezinwebekile, nezinephunga elimnandi kakhulu le-orange, embozwe ngethanga elincanyana elicwebezelayo (amakhilogremu wembewu eningi abizwa ngokuthi iMontreal);
- elendale (Ellendale) - (i-mandarin x tangerine x orange) - enezithelo ezingena-orenji-ezibomvu ezingenamibala eziwuphakathi kuya kosayizi omkhulu, nokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga;
- amathangi (Ama-Tangors) - (i-orange x tangerine) - inezinkulu (ubukhulu i-10-15 cm), zigcotshisiwe, izithelo ezibomvu zewolintshi ezinesikhumba esinyene, esikhulu kakhulu;
- ama-minneols (Minneola) - (i-tangerine x yamagilebhisi) - ihluke ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezithelo ezibomvu-orenji (kusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu kakhulu), ngesimo - kuyindilinga, kuyindilinga, "ngeshubhu" kanye "nentambo" ngaphezulu;
- tangelo, noma tangelo (Tangelo) - (i-tangerine x pomelo) - zinezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu zewolintshi ezinosayizi owolintshi ojwayelekile;
- ama-santin (USuntina, noma I-sun tina) - ((i-clementine x Orlando) - ngezithelo ezibukeka njengama-tangerine amahle, banambitheka kamnandi kanye nephunga;
- i-agley (I-Ugli, Ugly) - (tangerine x orange x grapefruit) - enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-nzalo (izithelo ezinobubanzi obuyi-16 -18 cm), isicwebezelisiwe, ngensimbi eluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza obuluhlaza, owolintshi noma ophuzi.
Isihlahla saseMandarin ebhodweni.
Ukuze kulinywe endlini, kunconywa izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-mandarin:
- “I-Unshiu”- ukumelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, kwasekuqaleni, izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Lesi sihlahla simile, sinomqhele osakazekayo wamagatsha amancane, aguquguqukayo kakhulu ambozwe ngamaqabunga amabi. La magatsha e-tangerine kahle, akhula ngokushesha, aqhakaze kakhulu futhi aqhume ngokuzithandela. Izithelo ezimise okwenziwe ngethanga, ngaphandle kwembewu. Ngokukhanyisa okufakwayo, kukhula ngaphandle kokupheliswa.
- “Kovane wass”- umuthi oqinile onamagatsha awugqinsi; amagatsha ngokunqikaza. Lolu hlobo lwe-tangerine lungakhula lube lukhulu ngosayizi wefulethi. Amaqabunga anamanzi, aqine. Iqhakaza kakhulu. Izithelo ziphakathi ngosayizi, orange-yellow.
- “Shiva Mikan”- umuthi ocwebezelayo okhula ngokushesha onamahlamvu amakhulu, anamnyama, aluhlaza. Okokuqala, blooms ngokuphelele. Ukukhiqiza kungaphakathi; izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-30 g.
- “UMurcott”(Uju) - uhlobo oluyivelakancane kakhulu olunesihlahla esihlanganisiwe. I-pulp yale tangerine, evuthwa ehlobo, imnandi njengoju.
