Abalimi bafunda ngokuba khona kwezihlahla ezingama-apula ezinqabile hhayi kangako - maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Lokhu kuguqulwa okwenziwe ngengozi kwatholakala ngo-1960 nguDkt Fisher esiteshini sokucwaninga eSummerland eBritish Columbia, eCanada. Nakhu akhuluma ngakho.
Kwake kwathi ngo-1963, lapho ngisebenza ensimini, umlimi weza kimi wathi uneziqu ezingajwayelekile zesihlahla sama-apula iMacintosh phezulu kwesihlahla esineminyaka engama-50. Wathola lokhu kuphunyuka eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngifisa ukumvakashela, ngithathe ipakethe likagwayi elingenalutho ngabhala igama lakhe nekheli. Ngeshwa, ngilahlekelwe yileli phakethe. Kepha emva kweminyaka emibili (ngo-1965), ngenhlanhla, ngaphinda ngayibona leya ndoda, kwakunguTony Wijchik. Ngaphambi kokuvuna, ngivakashele ingadi yakhe e-East Kelowna ngiyohlola lokhu kudubula. Yize yayitholakala phezulu kwesihlahla futhi ibekwe kahle, izithelo ezake zavuthwa kamuva kunama-apula asezandleni zawo wonke umuthi futhi zazivamile ngombala. Izithelo zazihlelwe kahle edutshulweni elincane kakhulu elingamamitha ayi-1,2 ubude. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe zazingama-20 izihlahla ezazixhunyelelwe eViichik.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zezihlahla zama-apula, ezifundwa abalimi ngokushesha, zaqanjwa ngegama lomlimi ofanayo - uMcIntosh Wijcik. Simbize ngokungafanele ngokuthi uMholi.
Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise ikholomuNaka ezinye izinto eziphathelene nezihlahla zama-apula wekholomu ku- "Botany":
- Imbaza, noma izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika - indlela eya esivunweni esikhulu
- Izihlahla zama-apula ezimise ikholomu - izici nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu
- Izici zezihlahla zama-apula ezikhulayo
Izici zezihlahla zama-apula ezinsika
Umuthi wakwelaphesheya umile kahle emazweni aseRussia futhi washeshe wawina uthando, ngenxa yezithelo eziphakeme.
Umuthi uthela izithelo ezicebile njalo ngonyaka. Umuthi we-applear wekholomu ufinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2,5, futhi ububanzi bawo buyi-0.5 m kuphela.
Ukubonakala kwekholomu kwezihlahla zama-apula kungenye inzuzo - ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ngokufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi wenhlabathi, isitshalo sezithelo singaletha isivuno ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala.
Izihlahla ezingama-apula ezakhiwe njengamakholomu zinezinto ezimbi ezi-2: Izindleko eziphakeme zezithombo zabo nokuphila okufushane kwezihlahla ngokwazo.
Isihlahla sama-apula esenziwe umqhele. © Geri LauferKhula izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika
Izihlahla zama-apula ezakhiwe njengamakholomu ziyahlukahluka ngamandla wokukhula: mncane, mncane, mncane.
Uma ukugijima kwe-lateral engekho ngokuphelele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezihlahla zama-apula wekholar, izinkinga zokusika zingavela esigabeni sokusakazeka kwazo.
Ukuze ukhule ngokushesha isitshalo sezithelo esiyisiqalo, kungcono ukhethe izithombo - ngonyaka. Kulula ukubekezelela inqubo yokufakelwa. Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe kakhulu ukuze ibanga phakathi kwazo lingabi ngaphezu kwama-45cm. Ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla kudingeka zinikeze ukuthambisa okuningi.
Isihlahla sama-apula esenziwe umqheleNgesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika kufanele zondliwe nge-urea. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa lapho amaqabunga eqhakaza, kanti okwesibili - ezinsukwini eziyi-14 emva kokuqala; okwesithathu kwenziwa ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 ekugcineni kwesigaba sesibili.
Izinhlobo zama-apula ezimise kahle ikholomu zibonakala ngokukhula okukhulu nokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Izithombo ezitshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ziqala ukuqhakaza ngalowo nyaka.
Umuthi weapula wekholomu unikeza inani elikhulu kakhulu le-ovary, ngakho ngonyaka wokuqala zonke izimbali zisuswa kangcono. Ngentwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili, lapho kusobala ukuthi lesi sihlahla sesimpande futhi waqinisa, ungashiya izithelo eziningana, kancane kancane ukhulisa umthwalo wesilimo.
Uma ama-apula encipha - izithelo zigcwala umuthi.
Umuthi udinga ukudambisa inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukususwa kokhula nokunisela ngesikhathi.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo izihlahla zama-apula
Naphezu kwezimpawu eziningi ezinhle, abalimi babhekana nezinkinga ezithile lapho kukhula izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika:
- ukufa kwezinso okuxakile ngenxa yokuqandeka;
- ukuhluma "kweziqongo" ezingeziwe kusuka kuma-buds akhiwe ngezansi;
- amagatsha amaningi anesihlahla.
Inkinga yesithathu ijwayelekile phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur abakhala ngokuthi lesi sihlahla asifuni ukukhula esiqwini esisodwa. Isizathu salokhu sikhalazo ukungalungi futhi ngokungalungile komqhele womqhele we-columnar jalon. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo siba njengopula wesimo se-pyramidal. Phakathi kwezizathu zokukhula kwamagatsha akwi-lateral, ukukhuluphisa izinso le-apical apple kuhlukaniswa.
Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi bakhala ngokuthi umuthi wama-apula wekholomu awutheli kahle izithelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ukuvezwa kwezinambuzane. Ukuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi, kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa ezilungele izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-apula.
