Ngokwenganekwane, umbusi waseChina wanquma ukubheka izwe lakhe ngamehlo akhe, okwakufanele kuwo amakhosi eMbusweni Wamadolobha akhe amakhophi amancane ezindlu, abantu, futhi, izihlahla. I-Bonsai, isihlahla esincane, cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, yanqoba iJapan okokuqala, futhi namuhla lobu buciko obumangalisayo banqoba umhlaba wonke.
Njengamakhulu amaningi eminyaka adlule, inhloso ye-bonsai eshisekayo yezimbali ukukhiqiza kabusha indalo uqobo. Amakhophi ancishisiwe emi-oki, imephu, okapayini, i-sakura noma i-ficus anezindlela ezinengqondo, aphila ngokwenqubo esekwe yimvelo. Uma isihlahla esiqothulayo sikhulile ebhodweni, siyaqhakaza, siba ngamaqabunga, bese sihamba siyohlala ebusika.
Njengoba ukufana ngobuchule kwesihlahla sangempela kwakhiwa ngesandla, ukukhula nokukhathalela i-bonsai kuwumsebenzi onzima, odla isikhathi odinga ulwazi, ukubekezela nokuqonda izidingo zesilwane sakho esiluhlaza.
Futhi, abasanda kufika baqala ukwenza umsebenzi onzima, kodwa othokozisayo. Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-bonsai ekhaya futhi unakekele ikhophi encane yesihlahla sangempela?
Phakathi kokungaxhunyiwe ku-yinkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe basendulo bezolimo, kunombono wokuthi izihlahla ze-bonsai zaseJapan izitshalo ezitholakala embewu yazo ekhethekile. Lokhu akunjalo. Abatshali bezimbali abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayazi kahle ukuthi i-spruce encane, uphayini, i-apula noma i-wisteria yaqhamuka imbewu ejwayelekile, futhi izandla zabantu kuphela ezingabaphoqa ukuthi balinganise ukukhula kwabo nokuguqula ukwakheka.
Ungakhula Kanjani Bonsai Ekhaya: Izindlela Ezijwayelekile
Uma umlimi esanda kuqala ukuba nentshisekelo nge-bonsai, indlela elula kunazo zonke ukuthenga isitshalo esivele sakhiwe, isibonelo, kusuka ku-ficus noma ku-citrus. Kuzosiza ukwazi zonke izindlela zokunakekelwa kusuka kokunisela okujwayelekile ukuya ekutheneni futhi ulungise ukwakheka kwesiqu kanye namagatsha. Isipiliyoni esiqoqiwe sizosivumela ukuthi siqhubekele phambili kwimisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhulisa izindlu ze-bonsai:
- ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yesilimo oyithandayo kanye "nemfundo" elandelayo yesithombo;
- usebenzisa isibambo esinezimpande;
- ukwakhiwa kwesithombo kusuka enkulisa noma izilwane zasendle;
- dlulisela ebhodweni nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esivele sesikhule ngokwamasiko noma sasendle.
Eshesha kunazo zonke lezi zindlela ukwakheka komqhele kanye nohlelo lwezimpande lwenzalo eyodwa noma emibili ubudala. Isitshalo esinjalo sesivele sinezimpande, ngenkathi ingxenye yaso yasemhlabeni inika ithuba lokucabanga futhi ingashintshwa, ngokwezinhlelo zomtshali.
Ababambe iqhaza abanentshisekelo yokuthi bangayikhulisa kanjani i-bonsai kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kufanele bazi ukuthi le ndlela yinde kakhulu, kepha futhi bayabonga. Lapha, umuntu unamandla okulawula isitshalo ngokoqobo kusukela esikhathini sokufakwa kwembewu, futhi kulula ukushintsha ukwakheka kwamahlumela nezimpande ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo.
Akudingekile ukukhetha uhlobo lwangaphandle lwesihlahla noma isihlahla. Into esemqoka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amancane nokukhula okuncane konyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe "ukonakalisa" umuthi we-bonsai wesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhetha Isihlahla Sokulungile seBonsai
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele i-bonsai, isihlahla esiseJapan? Ukuze uthole ngokushesha umuthi okhangayo, unganaka:
- Izinhlobo zasendlini ezisawolintshi, ngokwesibonelo, i-calalletine noma ilemon ejwayelekile;
- kwi-garnet emfushane;
- ifilosofi evamile futhi engathembeki kaBenjamini;
- ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zezihlahla zama-apula;
- ku-willow;
- kumaphayini angaphansi kwenhlabathi;
- ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene kakhulu ze-maple.
Ukukhethwa kwezihlahla ezilungele i-bonsai kukhulu ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi abaningi babo bangabomdabu baseRussia futhi batholakala ezingadini, emapaki, ezigcawini zedolobha kanye nasehlathini. Izingoma ezinhle zitholakala ku-barberry kanye ne-berryberry, hawthorn, acacia kanye ne-birch, i-elderberry ne-linden, i-eugamaus ne-oki.
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule ube yi-bonsai, ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo, bonisa ukuphakama nesitayela saso esizayo.
Ungakhula kanjani i-bonsai kusuka ezinhlanyelweni?
Imbewu yezihlahla nezihlahlana ezilungele i-bonsai ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Amanye amasiko akulungele ukuhluma, kepha "uhlelo" lwezinhlobo eziningi ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo liqukethe isikhathi se-hibernation lapho ihlumela lilindela inkathi ebandayo. Ekhaya, ukuhlehla kabusha kuzosiza ukulingisa ubusika.
Imbewu yesihlahla ye-bonsai yaseJapan izinyanga ezingama-3-5 ibekwa esihlabathini esimanzi noma sphagnum moss, emva kwalokho isitsha sibekwa esiqandisini. Ezingeni lokushisa elincanyana elihle endaweni enomswakama, imbewu ilungiselela ukukhula. Lapho idluliselwa ekushiseni, igciwane livuka ngokushesha. Kwezinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza nezitshalo ezinembewu enamandla egobekile, ukushisa noma ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukuvusa.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekuweni ekuqaleni. Izithombo ezitholwe engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo isivele idinga ukukhanya, okumane kungenzeki endaweni ekwindla nasebusika.
Ekuhlumeni nasezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, izithombo zisebenzisa i-sub sandate ekhanyayo ye-sand-peat noma amaphilisi we-peat afakiwe futhi athambile. Kuze kubonakale ihlumela ebusweni, isitsha kufanele sibe sebumnyameni ngaphansi kwefilimu. Ukushisa komoya kukhethiwe ngokuya ngesihlahla se-bonsai esitshaliwe.
Ukugwema ukuvuvukala nokubola, i-greenhouse iyakhangiswa. Lapho kuvela amahlumela ngaphakathi, ahlinzeka ngokufinyelela okuncane komoya omusha futhi adlulisele izithombo ekukhanyiseni. Njengoba kunesidingo, izithombo ziniselwa futhi zivundiswa ngamakhompiyutha anzima. Lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-10-12 cm, siyatshalwa.
Kulesi sigaba, impande enkulu ifushaniswa yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesihlahla. Masinyane qhubeka ekwakhekeni kwesiqu sesikhathi esizayo, abasisebenzisela ucingo lwethusi.
Ukukhetha ibhodwe nenhlabathi ye-bonsai
Umuthi we-bonsai awusizi ngalutho obizwa ngokuthi ukhule kutreyi. Ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesilwane esifuywayo, sitshalwe esitsheni esincane ngamabomu futhi esingajulile, ngasikhathi sinye sakha futhi sisike ingxenye yohlelo lwezimpande.
Lapho ukhetha ibhodwe le-bonsai, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka isihlahla siba nesisindo futhi, ikakhulukazi uma singahambi, sithambekele, noma sidlakazekile, singalahlekelwa ukuqina. Ngakho-ke, nge-bonsai, yokulinganisa kusuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha ayi-9, ngokwesiko kukhiqiza amakhulu, amabhodwe e-ceramic, izitsha noma iziqukathi zezimo ezahlukahlukene nezitayela.
Ngezansi kwethangi kufanele kube umgodi wokudonsa amanzi hhayi owodwa. Asetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukudonsa amanzi, kepha futhi nokufaka izitshalo.
Ukuvikela lesi sitshalo nokusivikela ekulimaleni kwesikhunta kusistimu yezimpande kuzosiza ukuphatha ibhodwe le-bonsai ngesisombululo esishisayo se-potanganum permanganate noma i-scalding ngamanzi abilayo.
Inhlabathi ye-bonsai ayenzelwe nje kuphela ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokudla okunempilo futhi igcine umswakama, kufanele isize izimpande zithole ukwanda kwenani eliphansi lembiza. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola amakhophi amancane emi-oki yangempela, ama-lindens, ulamula, amamephu nezinye izihlahla, kusetshenziswa isigcini esikhethekile sangaphansi.
EJapan, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ingxube enjalo isuselwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zobumba ibizwa ngokuthi i-acadama. Ukuze uthole ukondleka okukhulu nokuba namandla, inhlabathi nesihlabathi esivundile yengezwa kulokho okubunjiwe:
- Ezinhlotsheni ezinqabayo zezihlahla ze-bonsai, isincanyana sendawo sinconywa ngamasheya ayi-7 omhlaba we-turf nezingxenye ezi-3 zesihlabathi esikhulu esigeziwe.
- Izitshalo eziqhakazayo zitshalwa engxube yezingxenye ezi-7 zomhlaba we-turf, izingxenye ezintathu zesihlabathi nengxenye eyodwa ye-humus enempilo kakhulu.
- AmaConifers, athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi be-bonsai, adinga kakhulu inhlabathi evulekile, athatha izingxenye ezi-3 zenhlabathi ye-turf nezingxenye ezi-2 zesihlabathi esigeziwe.
Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa imbiza, inhlabathi ye-bonsai iyahlungwa, isuse ukufakwa okungaphandle okungalimaza izimpande, kuvinjelwe futhi kuhlanganiswe inzalo. Ngaphansi kwethangi, kuhlelwa ungqimba wokudonsa umswakama ngokweqile.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla seBonsai ekhaya
Akwanele ukuthola isihlahla esincane, ukuthola isithombo esincane noma ukusiphula ukusika kohlobo oluthandayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani isihlahla se-bonsai.
Ukunqanda njalo ukukhula, kwakheka umqhele nokukhula kwe-bonsai ebhodweni elincane, umuntu uyishintsha ngokuphelele impilo yesihlahla noma isihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela isiko elinjalo kuhluke ngokumangalisayo ekunakekeleni ezinye izitshalo zasendlini.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko womhlwanyeli ukuthola ukunisela kwe-bonsai, okunzima ukubhekana nayo ngenani elincane lomhlabathi kanye nembiza engajulile egcwele izimpande.
Phambilini, abalimi babenendlela ethile kuphela yokunisela noma amandla okufaka ebhodweni le-bonsai esitsheni samanzi ukumanzisa inhlabathi kusuka phansi. Namuhla, kusetshenziselwa ukunisela izitshalo noma ukunisela ngenkasa, okuvumela inhlabathi ekhishwa ngaphansi kwe-bonsai ukuthi idedelwe futhi ngaphandle kwengozi yokufiphala.
Okokunisela thatha kuphela amanzi athambile, ancibilikayo noma amile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo zidinga umswakama owengeziwe, lapho kuqala ikwindla nesikhathi esomile, ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe futhi kuvame kakhulu, kugxile esimweni sendawo esemugqeni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kaningi ngamaviki ama-2-3, kusetshenziswa ukuxubana kwabo kwezitshalo nezinkathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka. Ezihlahleni ze-bonsai zaseJapan, kukhona omanyolo abangelwa yi-algae.
Awungeke ushiye izitshalo ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungasebenzisi ngokweqile i-bonsai. Ngakho-ke, lapho unakekela izihlahla ze-bonsai ekhaya, umanyolo wenziwa ngokucophelela:
- entwasahlobo, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuphezulu, kufaka i-nitrogen ephindwe kabili kumanyolo njenge-potassium ne-phosphorus;
- ehlobo, isilinganiso sishiywa sinye, kepha okuhlushwa kuyamiswa;
- kusondele ekwindla, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezinamakhompiyutha, i-potassium ne-phosphorus ziphindwe kabili, kanti ne-nitrogen iyancishiswa.
- izihlahla eziqhakazayo nezinezithelo nezihlahla zidinga i-potassium ethe xaxa, eya ekwakhiweni kwamahlamvu kanye namaqanda.
Ngokuqala kobusika, akukho lutho olushintshayo kuma-evergreens exotic, kodwa izihlahla ezi-conifurative neziqinile kufanele zilungiselele ubusika. Ungayinakekela kanjani umuthi we-bonsai ebusika? Uma isimo sezulu sivumela, ashiywe umgwaqo noma alethwe emithonjeni engashisi. Uhlelo lwezimpande ebhodweni elincane le-bonsai lungahlupheka kuqala, ngakho-ke luyambozwa futhi, bese inhlabathi yomile kancane. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sivuswa futhi sidinga ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokwakheka komqhele nezimpande, okuphoqelekile ku-bonsai.
