I-shrub decabuous ye-blueberry ejwayelekile (i-Vaccinium uliginosum), ebizwa nangokuthi i-marsh blueberry, noma i-marsh, noma i-undersized, iyinhlobo ejwayelekile ye-genus heather umndeni vaccinium. Ngokwemvelo, itholakala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo nesithokomele kulo lonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe. ENyakatho Melika, uhla lwe-blueberry ejwayelekile luqala eCalifornia luphele e-Alaska, kanti e-Eurasia luhlanganisa insimu ukusuka eMongolia naseMedithera kuya e-Iceland. Isitshalo esinjalo sinenqwaba yamagama abantu, isibonelo: i-gonobel (gonobol, gonoboy, gonobob), amagilebhisi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isidakwa (isidakwa, i-berry esidakiwe, isidakwa), i-dope (isiwula, isiwula, isiwula) ne-blueberry. Isiwula, i-gonobob, isidakwa kanye namanye amagama afanayo "amabi" anikezwe isitshalo ngephutha, abantu abaningi babenesiqiniseko sokuthi ngenxa yalokho ikhanda liqala ukulimala kabi, njengokungathi liqhamuka kumuntu obhobhozayo. Kodwa-ke, ikhanda elinzima empeleni livela kubantu ngenxa ye-rosemary yasendle, ekhetha ukukhula eduze kwama-blueberries. Izithelo ze-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu, ngakhoke ukuthandwa kwaso phakathi kwabalimi kukhula minyaka yonke. Ngaphezu kwe-blueberry ejwayelekile, ekhula ezindaweni ezinomoya opholile futhi ezipholile, kunenye inhlobo eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi yi-blueberry ende (i-Vaccinium corymbosum), isuka eMelika, lapho ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi. E-United States naseCanada, izithelo ze-blueberry zithandwa kakhulu kunamajikijolo amnyama. Ama-hybrid aseCanada naseMelika nezinhlobo zalolu hlobo lwe-blueberry kancane kancane ziya zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezindawo eziphakathi nendawo, kodwa zingatshalwa kuphela esifundeni eseningizimu yeRussia noma e-Ukraine.
Izici ze-Blueberry
I-vacusini ye-genus ifaka ama-cranberries, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry nama-blueberries. Abanye ososayensi banesiqiniseko sokuthi ama-blueberries nama-blueberries ayisitshalo esisodwa, kanti amanye ama-botanists aphikisana nalokhu. Uhlelo lwe-fibrous izimpande alunazo izinwele zezimpande. Phezu kwamagatsha angama-cylindrical aqonde kukhona amagxolo anombala onsundu noma omnyama, bese kuthi iziqu zipendwe luhlaza. Ukuphakama kwe-blueberry ejwayelekile akudluli amasentimitha ayi-100, kuyilapho ama-blueberries amade angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-200 ukuphakama futhi nangaphezulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga ajwayelekile anamaqabunga amancanyana, aphelele, abushelelezi futhi aqinile, ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-30 mm, futhi ububanzi bawo bufika ku-25 mm. Isimo sazo i-lanceolate noma i-obovate, kukhona i-blex apex, futhi imiphetho igobekile kancane phansi. Ebusweni bamaqabunga kukhona inhlanganisela eyi-waxy, yingakho inombala oluhlaza okotshani, ingaphandle ligqamile ngombala, kukhona imithambo evikela kakhulu kulo. Izimbali ezincane ezi-drooping ezineminwe emihlanu zinenwebu yesimo sobumba ngombala omhlophe noma onsomi opinki, ofinyelela ku-60 mm ubude, kukhona futhi kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 stamens. Izimbali zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamagatsha wangonyaka odlule, ngenkathi zihlala izingcezu eziningana. Izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ze-Oblong zifinyelela ku-1,2 cm ubude, futhi zinesisindo esingu-1 gram. Phezu kobuso bawo kukhona inhlanganisela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isikhumba sinciphile, nombala wenyama uluhlaza okotshani. Isisindo sezithelo zeblueberry ezinde ngu-10-25 g, kanti eMelika cishe amakhilogremu ayi-10 aqoqwe esihlahleni esisodwa ngokwesilinganiso. Ezifundeni ezifudumele zezindawo eziphakathi nendawo, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa salolu hlobo lwe-blueberry, ungaqoqa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayisikhombisa ezithelo, kodwa kuphela uma isimo sezulu sivumelana. Lapho ukhetha isithombo, khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe ezingatshalwa maphakathi nethambeka, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezivuthiwe sekwephuzile, futhi ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuphela anesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo zawo. Kulokhu, maphakathi nethonsi kunconywa ukuhlakulela ama-blueberries ajwayelekile noma lezo zinhlobo zamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aphakathi nendawo noma avuthiwe.
Ukutshala ama-blueberries engadini
Ungatshala ama-blueberries enhlabathini evulekile entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abalimi abanolwazi bakwazisa ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, ngoba ngesikhathi sasehlobo isithombo sizokwazi ukuthatha izimpande futhi sithole amandla, okuzoyivumela ukuthi ingahlushwa isithwathwa ebusika. Ama-blueberries akhulayo alula, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuwavikela nokuligcina.
Umhlabathi we-Blueberry
Ngokutshala ama-blueberries, kufanele ukhethe indawo enokhanyayo, kuyilapho ihlathi lidinga ukuvikeleka emithambekeni yomoya. Uma uyitshala endaweni enomthunzi, isivuno siyobe sincane, kanti nekhwalithi yezithelo iphansi. Lesi sitshalo sidinga kakhulu enhlabathini, ngoba ukutshala kwaso kuphela inhlabathi ene-acidic, i-pH yayo kufanele ilingane no-3.5-4,5. Futhi, abalimi abanolwazi lokutshala ama-blueberries batusa ukukhetha indawo obekuphethwe kuyo umusi iminyaka eminingana. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlangabezana ngokungafanele nakwabandulelayo. Khumbula ukuthi indawo ethule, enamathe okwanele enenhlabathi enamanzi peaty-loamy noma enesihlabathi esihlekile. Uma kwenzeka kungabikho sakhiwo esivandeni esilungele ukukhula kwesihlahla esinjalo, kungenziwa ngezandla zakho.
Ukutshala ama-blueberries entwasahlobo
Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvuvukala. Lapho uthenga isithombo se-blueberry, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo. Isitshalo sakho esikhethiwe kufanelekile ukuthi sikhule endaweni yakho. Uma isimo sezulu esifundeni sibanda impela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ze-Canada ezikhula kancane. Ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinamahlobo amade, ashisayo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-blueberries engadini zingatshalwa. Futhi, lapho ukhetha isithombo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, kumele siqhathaniswe nezimpawu zezulu lesifunda sakho. Iqiniso ukuthi uma wenza isinqumo esingalungile, amajikijolo ngeke nje abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthenga izithombo ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande (esitsheni noma ebhodweni). Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-blueberries enhlabathini evulekile, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi izimpande zawo zintekenteke kangangokuba azikwazi ukukhokhela ukuzimela lapho zizimele. Kulokhu, ngeke nje idluliselwe ethangini iye emgodini wokufika. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbiza enezithombo izodinga ukucwiliswa esitsheni samanzi imizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo kufanele sisuswe ngokucophelela ebhodweni. Izandla ngokucophelela, gxobhoza kancane inhlama yobumba bese uzama ukuqondisa izimpande ze-blueberries.
Ubungako bomgodi wokufika wama-blueberries ajwayelekile kanye nama-blueberries engadi ayalingana, okungukuthi, amamitha ayi-0.6x0.6, kanti ukujula kwawo kufanele kube ngamamitha ayi-0.5. Uma kutshalwe izithombo eziningana ezinde, khona-ke ibanga lamamitha ayi-1,2 liyagcinwa phakathi kwazo, ngezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo kufanele kube yimitha eli-1, nezinhlobo ezikhula kancane - amamitha ayi-0.5. Isikhala somugqa kufanele sibe amamitha ayi-3-3,5. Ngemuva kokuba umgodi usulungile, kunconywa ukukhulula phansi kanye nezindonga zawo, okuzothuthukisa ukufinyeleleka komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande zezithombo. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi inhlabathi esegodini iyi-acidic. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxube equkethe izinaliti zokhuni, isihlabathi, izinaliti zikaphayini kanye zikaphayini ibekwa phansi phansi, ukuze kugcotshwe isakhi esingaphansi, kuthulule amagremu angama-50 wesibabule kuyo. Hlanganisa kahle i-substrate ephumela bese uyihlaba. Ukuthulula umanyolo enhlabathini akudingeki. Ngasikhathi sinye, akutuswa ukusebenzisa ama-organics ukondla ama-blueberries, ngoba kukhuthaza ukugcwala kwenhlabathi. Lapho umgodi usulungile, kuyadingeka ukubeka isitshalo kuwo, izimpande zaso ziqonde ngokucophelela, kuyilapho kufanele ziqondiswe emikhakheni ehlukene. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokutshala, intamo yezimpande ye-blueberry kufanele ibe yi-30 mm ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa. Lapho uketshezi selungene enhlabathini, ingaphezulu layo kufanele lifafazwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (bark, peat, sawdust noma udweshu), ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-12.
Ukutshala ama-blueberries ekwindla
Ukutshala ama-blueberries ekwindla kukhiqiza okufana ncamashi nasentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, uma isithombo sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila sisetshenziselwa ukutshala, khona-ke ngemuva kokutshala, kusetshenziswa isihlahla, wonke amagatsha obuthakathaka azodinga ukususwa kuwo, futhi amagatsha asele kufanele ancishiswe ngengxenye ½. Esimweni lapho isithombo sikhulile kuneminyaka emi-2, khona-ke akufanele kusikwe.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Blueberry
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, uzodinga ukwenza ukukhululwa okuningana kobubanzi besiyingi sesiqu, ngenkathi ukujula kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-8. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ukukhulula inhlabathi kaningi akufanele kube njalo, ngoba lokhu kungenza ukuthi isitshalo some. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwama-blueberries lutholakala ngokuqondile futhi luseduze kakhulu nomhlabathi wenhlabathi (cishe amasentimitha ayi-15), ngakho-ke ungazami ukulimaza lapho ukhulula. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zesitshalo zitholakala eduze kwenhlabathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcwalisa nge-mulch. Ukuvula umhlabathi kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuqala ngokususa imboza, futhi kufanele kuphinde kugcwaliswe amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 ngesizini. Ukulawula ukhula ngesikhathi kubalulekile futhi, kudonswa masisha ngemuva kokuvela esizeni.
Ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nokukhula kwesihlahla, kusadingeka ukunisela, ukuwondla nokuwunciphisa ngesikhathi.
Ukunisela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ama-Blueberries kufanele ayophuziswe kahle. Kulokhu, umlimi kufanele athuthukise uhlelo olukhethekile lokunisela ama-blueberries. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama, noma kunjalo, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi amanzi emva kokunisela akufanele agcinwe enhlabathini isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, ngaphandle kwalokho lokhu kungadala ukufa kwesihlahla. Njengomthetho, ukuchelela kwenziwa kabili ngesonto izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku (ekuseni nakusihlwa), kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye amalitha ayi-10 amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla esi-1. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ukunisela ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, lapho izithelo zibonakala, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho imbali yezimbali zibekelwe unyaka olandelayo. Uma ama-blueberries ngalesi sikhathi engeke athole inani lamanzi elidingakalayo, khona-ke lokhu kuzothinta kabi inani lesilimo ngalo nyaka nonyaka olandelayo. Uma kushisa kakhulu ngaphandle, khona-ke izihlahla azizodinga ukunisela kuphela, kepha futhi nesifutho, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukweqisa kwazo. Fafaza izitshalo ekuseni noma ngemuva kwamahora ayi-16.
Ukugqoka kwe-Blueberry
I-Blueberry ayinazo izidingo ezikhethekile zenani lomsoco lomhlabathi, noma kunjalo, iphendula kahle kumanyolo wamaminerali. Ukondliwa kunconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukugeleza kwe-sap bese izinso zivuvukale. Kulokhu, okuphakelayo okuphathekayo kufanele kungafakwa ngokuphelele. Ukufakelwa i-shrub enjalo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa la manyolo alandelayo: potassium sulfate, superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate ne-zinc sulfate. Iqiniso ngukuthi badonswa yisitshalo kahle kakhulu. Ukwethulwa kwamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) kwenzeka ngezigaba ezi-3. Ngakho-ke, amaphesenti ama-40 omanyolo we-nitrogen adingekayo weBlueberry kumele alethwe lapho ukugeleza kokuqala kusanda kuqala, amaphesenti angama-35 ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi, namaphesenti angama-25 ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJulayi. I-shrub eyodwa kuphela ngesizini ngayinye idinga kusuka kumagremu angama-70 kuya kwangama-90 alo manyolo. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya entwasahlobo elandelayo, lesi sitshalo ngeke sisadinga i-nitrogen. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo aqukethe i-phosphorus (superphosphate) kufanele kwenziwe ehlobo nasekwindla, kuyilapho amagremu ayikhulu ento ethathwa ngesihlahla ngasinye. I-Zinc sulfate ne-potassium sulfate isetshenziswa isikhathi esingu-1 ngesizini futhi ithathwa ku-2 amagremu ngesihlahla ngasinye. I-Magnesium sulfate nayo yengezwa kanye ngonyaka, ngamakhilogremu ayi-15 ento eyethwe esihlahleni.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry
Ama-Blueberries angasakazwa ngembewu noma enye yezindlela zezitshalo. Khetha i-shrub enempilo ngokuphelele bese uqoqa izithelo kuyo. Kubo udinga ukuthola imbewu bese uyomisa kancane. Ekwindla, kutshalwa emibhedeni yokuqeqesha, ngaphambili inhlabathi ekuyo kufanele ibiwe ngokufakwa kwe-acid peat. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi imbewu ihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, imbewu izodinga ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka abekwe eshalofini esiqandayo amasonto ayi-12. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngaphambili, ngenkathi imbewu ijule ngo-10 mm, bese kufafazwa ngaphezulu ngesihlabathi kuxutshaniswe ne-peat (3: 1). Ukuze izithombo zivele maduze, izitshalo kufanele zinakekelwe kahle. Bazodinga ukushisa (kusuka kuma-23 kuye kwangama-25 degrees) hhayi umswakama ophakeme kakhulu (cishe amaphesenti angama-40), futhi badinga ukuniselwa, ukhula bese kukhululwe nengaphezulu lomhlabathi ngesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukondla izitshalo ezivele ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen entwasahlobo, kepha udinga ukuqala lokhu kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2, izithombo zingadluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry ngezinsika
Uma udinga indlela yokusabalalisa ama-blueberries ngokushesha nangokwethembekile, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela zokusika. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukugeleza kwesiqalo kuqale, noma ekwindla, ekugcineni kweqabunga, umuntu kufanele avune ukusika kwesiqu. Zama ukwenza ubude besiqu kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-15 ngenkathi isikhudlwana sokudubula, singcono. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma ihlumela likhulu, khona-ke izimpande zizovela ngokushesha, futhi uzoqala nokukhula phambilini. Ukuze usebenzise ukusinda, ukusikwa okuvuniwe kufanele kususwe amaviki amane endaweni enendawo yokushisa eyi-1 kuya ku-5 degrees. Ama-cuttings atshalwe ngokungacwasi ku-peat exutshwe nesihlabathi (1: 3). Ngemuva kwalokho konke kumbozwe ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha amahlanu enhlanganisela yenhlabathi efanayo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, izithombo zizokhiqizwa kanye nezithombo ezinamandla ezingadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ama-Blueberries asakazwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukuze basakaze isitshalo esinjalo, abanye abalimi baphendukela ekuhlukaniseni isihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye yesihlahla iyemba futhi ihlukaniswe yaba yizihlukanisi, kuyilapho ngamunye wabo kufanele abe ne-rhizome, ubude bufinyelela ku-50 kuye ku-70 mm. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla, i-Delenki itshalwe endaweni entsha. Izithelo zokuqala ezitshalwe ezinhlanyelweni zesitshalo zinikeza lapho zineminyaka eyi-7 noma engu-8 ubudala. Ama-Blueberries, asekhulile esebenzisa indlela yokusabalalisa imifino, faka izithelo ngonyaka wesine.
Ukuthena kwe-Blueberry
Ukuze isihlahla sithele njalo izithelo, uzodinga ukuthenwa okufika ngesikhathi. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ehlobo noma ngesikhathi sekwindla uthola amagatsha neziqu zilimele noma zonakaliswe yilesi sifo esihlahleni, kuzodingeka zisikwe futhi zichithwe, akudingeki ulinde kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ezitshalweni ezisanda kutshalwa, ngonyaka wokuqala kuyadingeka ukususa zonke izimbali, okuzovumela ama-blueberries ukuthi akhule futhi akhule kahle. Ukwakheka kwesikebhe esinamandla sesitshalo kufanele kubhekwane nako kusuka onyakeni wesibili kuya onyakeni wesine wokuphila, lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi isihlahlana sigweme ukulimala uma kukhona isivuno esicebile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike bonke abathintwe yilesi sifo, ababuthakathaka, abalinyazwe yiqhwa noma abalele amagatsha angaphezulu komhlaba. Ungakhohlwa ukusika zonke amahlumela ze-basal. Ngemuva kokuba lesi sitshalo sineminyaka emi-4 ubudala, ngaphezu kwamagatsha agulayo futhi abuthakathaka, zonke iziqu ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 kufanele zisikwe, kanti kusukela ezingxenyeni zonyaka kudingeka ukuba ushiye usuka ku-3 uye ku-5 amahlumela anamandla kakhulu. Uma isihlahla sesivuthiwe, kuzodingeka asuse wonke amagatsha aphansi. Futhi uma lesi sitshalo siyizinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngokuqondile, kuyodingeka ukuncipha phakathi kwesihlahla. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvalwa kwamagatsha phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze, ngoba lokhu kuzolimaza kabi ikhwalithi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ekwindla
Ngemuva kokuqala izithelo, ochwepheshe beluleka ukuqoqa izithelo ze-blueberries 1 isikhathi ngezinsuku eziyi-7. Kungcono ukukhetha amajikijolo ekuseni, kepha kuphela uma amazolo esekhulile. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo zipendiwe ngombala odingekayo, kufanele uvuthwe esihlahleni izinsuku ezimbalwa ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo aminyene athambile, angaqoqwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukwanda kwesisindo sezithelo, kanye nokwanda kweshukela kubo. Ngemuva kokuqoqa, amajikijolo kufanele asuswe ngokushesha eshalofini lesiqandisi, kufanele agcinwe ekushiseni kwama-0 kuya ku-2 degrees izinsuku eziyi-14. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithelo zingathola iphunga elingaphandle, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlukaniswe neminye imikhiqizo. Amajikijolo angandiswa iqhwa, lapho-ke azogcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zigezwa kahle futhi zithulule ungqimba olu-1 kufriji. Ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo aqandiswe ngokuphelele, afakwa emgqonyeni owodwa bese efakwa efrijini ukuze agcinwe. Uma kufiswa, izithelo zingomiswa, ngale ndlela zilungele ukupheka ama-compotes amnandi, kanye ne-infusions yokuphulukisa kanye nama-decoctions.
Ezifundeni ezinamakhaza weqhwa, ama-blueberries azodinga indawo yokukhosela enhle, ngoba uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ngaphansi kwamadigri angama-25, khona-ke isihlahla singahola kakhulu uma kuneqhwa elincane. Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sikhululwe esithelweni, kufanele uqale ukusilungiselela ubusika. Phonsa uthango lwentambo noma lwamawele emagatsheni esitshalo bese uwadonsela kancane ebusweni bendawo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isihlahla kufanele silungiswe kulesi sikhundla futhi simbozwe nge-burlap (akunconywa ukusebenzisa ifilimu lepulasitiki, ngoba ama-blueberries ngeke aphefumule ngaphansi kwawo); Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa emgwaqweni, i-lapnik izodinga ukuphonswa kusuka phezulu. Indawo yokuhlala yasebusika kufanele isuswe esitshalweni entwasahlobo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi esifundeni sakho ubusika bufudumele impela futhi kuneqhwa, khona-ke ama-blueberries angakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimelana nobusika.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-blueberry
Izilokazane ze-Blueberry
Ukutshala ama-blueberries futhi uwanakekele kufanele kulandelwe yimithetho ye-agrotechnical, kulokhu lesi sitshalo sizoba namandla futhi siqine. Kodwa ngisho nezihlahla ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa kokuthintela ezinambuzaneni nasezifo. Umonakalo omkhulu kumajingijolo, noma kunalokho, esivunweni sawo, ubangelwa izinyoni; ziqabula amajikijolo avuthwa emagatsheni. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ungaphendukela kubuqili obulandelayo, i-mesh yensimbi enamaseli amancane idonswa kahle ehlathini. Izinambuzane ezilimazayo azinakubangela ukulimala okukhulu esihlahleni, ngaphandle kweminyaka engajwayelekile lapho ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo sezihlahla zimboza izimbotshana kanye namabhungane kaMeyi. Badla izimbali futhi badla amahlamvu, lokhu kunomthelela omubi ekukhiqizeni kwesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lungalimala, ngoba izibungu zamabhungane zidla izimpande zalo. Futhi, amabhu amaqabunga, ama-aphid, amacimbi we-pine silkworm nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngokuhlala angakwazi ukuhlala esihlahleni. Kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuqoqwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamabhungane nezibungu zazo ngesandla, ezinconyelwe ukuba zingene esitsheni esigcwele amanzi kasawoti. Kulula ukususa ezinye izinambuzane ngokuphatha isihlahlana neKarbofos noma i-Aktellik. Ukufafaza ama-blueberries nemithi efanayo yokuvimbela, kunconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangemva kokuba zonke izithelo seziqoqiwe.
Isifo se-Blueberry
Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo sithinteka ezifweni ezingena fungal ezinjengokuthi: umdlavuza wesiqu, ukomisa kwegatsha (izipopsis), i-grey rot (i-botritis), i-monoliasis yezithelo, i-physalsporosis, ukubonwa okumhlophe (septoria) nokubona kabili. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi cishe zonke izifo ezinjalo ziqhamuka ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi kuhlelo lwezimpande lwesihlahla somhluzi, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwamanzi okungalungile kwenhlabathi noma ngenxa yokubusa okungafanele kokunisela. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, zonke izindlela ezidingekayo kufanele zithathwe ukuqeda izimbangela zokwenzeka kwako, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singafa. Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela izifo zenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo nangemva kokuba kuvuniwe, bese kusetshenziswa uketshezi lweBordeaux kulokhu. Isihlahla esithintekile kufanele sifafazwe ngeTopazi 2 noma amahlandla ama-3, kanti isikhathi esivumelana nezinqubo kufanele sibe yizinsuku eziyi-7. Ungangena esikhundleni seTopazi ngezidakamizwa ezifana neTopsin, u-Bordeaux fluid, noma uFundazole.
Futhi, lesi sitshalo sihlaselwa i-mycoplasma kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezifana: nokufiphala, amagatsha angcolile, i-mosaic, i-necrotic nebomvu ukubukeka kwe-annular. Lezi zifo azikwazi ukwelashwa, kulokhu, izinhlobo ezithintekayo kumele zembiwe futhi zichithwe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uma imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo yephulwa, khona-ke lokhu kuzosithinta kabi isimo nempilo yesitshalo. Isibonelo, kwenzeka ukuthi amahlamvu wesitshalo aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi. Okokuqala, kuphenduka okuluhlaza okotshani bese kuphenduka ophuzi. Njengomthetho, inkinga ilele ekutheni inhlabathi esakhiweni ayisi-acidic. Ukulungisa lesi simo, i-peat kufanele ingeniswe emhlabathini, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile umbala wamaqabunga uzoba yinto evamile, noma kunalokho, amapuleti amaqabunga asemancane azobe edwetshwe aluhlaza. Ukuphuzi kwamahlamvu kuyabonakala futhi lapho isitshalo sintula i-nitrogen. Ngasikhathi sinye, kanye nokuphuza amaqabunga, ukukhula kweziqu kuyama, nezithelo ziba zincane. Umanyolo oqukethe i-Nitrogen izitshalo ezidingekayo, kumele zisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwesizini ngayinye ngezigaba ezi-3 (ezichazwe kabanzi ngenhla). Uma amahlamvu eshintsha umbala wawo ubomvu, khona-ke lolu uphawu lokuqala lokuthi komiswe kweziqu noma umdlavuza wamagatsha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-blueberries anencazelo
Okwamanje, zonke izinhlobo zama-blueberries zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayi-5:
- Izinhlobo ezingaphansi. Enhlizweni yaleli qembu kukhona uhlobo - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olunamaqabunga, olunqamula nezinto ezibonakalayo zohlobo lwe-bloeberries yasenyakatho ne-myrtle.
- Izinhlobo ezinde zaseNyakatho. Ziyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa nokuqothuka sekwephuzile. Zitholwe ngesisekelo sezinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika, okungukuthi, ama-blueberries amade esebenzisa izinto zofuzo zama-blueberries ajwayelekile.
- Izinhlobo ezinde zaseNingizimu. Lezi nzalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidalwe kusetshenziswa ama-blueberries amade asenyakatho kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zama-blueberries akhula eningizimu. Izinhlobo ezivelayo ziyamelana nesomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azifunwa kangako kwi-pH yenhlabathi.
- Izinhlobo ezinde ezihhafu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholwe ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezinde zamabhulebhu ziyaqhubeka zigcwaliswa ngohlobo lwe-blueberry ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezivelayo zimelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, zingamelana nokubanda kakhulu (kufinyelela kumazinga angama-40 degrees).
- Isiso sonogwaja. Kuleli qembu, izinhlobo zithathwa njengeyisisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo - ama-blueberries abunjiwe ngenduku. Ama-nzalo aphumelelayo angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nesimo sezulu esishisayo nomhlabathi ompofu. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zinesikhathi sokukhula isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuzikhulisa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesipholile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kweziqalo zobusika, iningi lesitshalo alinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Kula maqembu, kuphela izinhlobo ezinde ezisenyakatho ezinconyelwe ukuba zitshalwe maphakathi nethambeka. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezisenyakatho ezinde:
- Bluegold. Le nhlobonhlobo yaphakathi nesizini ingemaphakathi nesizini. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla kuhlakazekile, nezithelo eziphakathi nendawo zinambitheka omuncu. Yamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Amabhasi adinga ukuncishiswa kaningi, futhi adinga nokuthenwa okuthuthukile.
- Patriot. Kuyinhlobo yaphakathi nenkathi futhi emide. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esisakazayo akudluli amasentimitha ayi-150. Izithelo ezinkulu zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene. Ukuvula kabusha kuqashelwa ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Izitshalo ziphakeme ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke, kusuka kwisitshalo esisodwa ziqoqa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-7 ezithelo. Iyamelana neqhwa futhi imelana nezifo ezinama-blueberries.
- IChippewa. Le nhlobonhlobo isivuthiwe kwasekuqaleni futhi iphakathi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu. Izithelo eziphaphathekile eziluhlaza zikhulu futhi ziphakathi ngosayizi futhi zinambitheka kamnandi kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, siyakwazi ukumelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwama-degrees angama-30. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa ezitsheni nasezweni.
- Duke. Izinhlobonhlobo zide, ziyaqhakaza sekwephuzile, kepha sezivuthiwe. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha angama-200. Kubuza ukuqhuma ekugcineni kwesithwathwa sentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kokuqala, lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholakala ngokuqina okuphezulu okuzinzile, kuyilapho izithelo ezinkulu nezincane zikhula zinganciphi ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Inokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, kepha isitshalo sidinga ukuthenwa okuthuthukile.
- Ukuphuma kwelanga. Ibanga eliphakeme eliphakathi. Isihlahla siyabuna, sinokwakheka kokudubula okubuthakathaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitshalo esinjalo asidingi kuthunyelwa kaningi. Izithelo ezinkulu eziminyene zesimo esithambile esincane, zinokuqina okuphezulu futhi zivuthwe maphakathi noJulayi. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusuka kwisitshalo esisodwa, kuze kufike ama-kilogramu ama-4 amajikijolo. Lesi shrub sivame ukuhlupheka kusuka kuqhwa lwasemuva lwentwasahlobo.
- I-Chauntecleer. Izinhlobonhlobo zeSrednerosly. Isihlahla sinamagatsha akhuphukayo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqala ngemuva kokuphela kwesiqalo sentwasahlobo. Izithelo eziphakathi nendawo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinambitheka okumuncu futhi zivuthwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni. Cishe ama-1 kg amajikijolo asuswa kwisitshalo esisodwa. Lesi sitshalo sinokuphikisana kakhulu neqhwa.
- ENorthland. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla esivuthayo asifinyeleli kumasentimitha angaphezu kwekhulu. Inothela okuphezulu okuzinzile. Ukusuka esihlahleni esi-1 susa kuze kufike ku-5-8 kg amajikijolo, aminyene, aphakathi ngosayizi futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Izithelo zinokuqina okuphezulu. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa nesikhathi sokukhula esifushane. Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, zonke izithelo zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Le shrub isetshenziswa futhi ekuhlobiseni i-floriculture, njengoba icwebile futhi igobile.
- U-Elizabeth. Izinhlobonhlobo zinde. Ukusakaza isihlahla. Iziqu ezingakwesokudla namahlumela ane-tint ebomvu ebomvana, lokhu kubhekwa njengophawu lwezinhlobo ezibonakaliswa ukumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Kusuka kwisitshalo esisodwa ama-4-6 kg ezithelo zivunwa. Le shrub ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo lapho ukunambitheka okuphezulu kunakho konke. Izithelo zinkulu (ubukhulu cishe ngo-2.2 cm) zinephunga elimnandi futhi zinambitheka kakhulu, ukuqala kokuvuthwa kwazo kuhla ngezinsuku zokuqala zika-Agasti. Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, zonke izithelo azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izakhiwo ze-blueberries: izinzuzo nokulimaza
Izici eziwusizo ze-blueberries
Ngemuva kokuthi ama-blueberries afundwe ngokucophelela ososayensi, kwacaca ukuthi ungumnikazi wezimpawu ezihlukile. Kuyasiza ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi wamanyikwe namathumbu, kuvikele umzimba emisebeni yemisebe, kuqinise izindonga zemithambo yegazi, futhi kwehlise nokuguga kwamaseli wezinzwa. Ungumnikazi we-anti-zingotic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertgency, choleretic, anti-sclerotic, kanye nemiphumela ye-cardiotonic. Ukwakheka kwama-blueberries kufaka phakathi i-proitamin A, amavithamini B1, B2, C, PP, obhekele ukuqina kwama-capillaries we-epidermis futhi kunciphise ingozi yemithambo ye-varicose, kusekhona ama-amino acid ayi-6, phosphorus, calcium kanye ne-iron, ngenkathi kusezithelweni zalesi sitshalo ngesimo lapho ukuqhathanisa kudonswa kalula ngumzimba womuntu. Ama-Blueberries abonakalise ukuthi ayasebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis, capillarotooticosis, rheumatism, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-tonsillitis nezinye izifo.
Ijusi yezithelo zesitshalo esinjalo iyanconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezifweni zomgudu wesisu, onesifo sikashukela kanye nomkhuhlane. Izithelo ngokwazo zisiza ukuqeda i-eye spasm futhi zibuyisele umbono. Futhi ziqukethe ama-pectins, anikela ekubophweni kwensimbi ezi-radioactive kanye nokuhlanzwa komzimba kubo. Namanje kulezi zithelo kukhona ama-antioxidants asebenzayo avimba amaseli womdlavuza ekwakhekeni emzimbeni.
Izithelo zesihlahla esinjalo somshini kwenye indawo zisetshenziselwa okusha, futhi zilungiselela ne-infusions, ama-decoction kanye ne-tinctures. Kuzoba wusizo ukuzidlalela abantu abaphilile nabagulayo ngokuphelele, ngoba izithelo ezintsha zisiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokugcwala kwawo ngamavithamini. Kepha izithelo, iziqu, namapuleti eqabunga lesitshalo esinjalo anezokwelapha.
Umhluzi we-Blueberry unconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa izifo zenhliziyo. Ukuyilungiselela, udinga ukuthulula izinkezo ezinkulu ezi-2 zamaqabunga aqokiwe namagatsha amasha epanini elingafakwanga, kuthululelwa amanzi ayi-200 ml abilisiwe lapho. Isitsha simbozwe ngokuqinile ngesivalo futhi sigcinwe kubhavu wamanzi imizuzu engama-30. Umhluzi opholile udinga ukuhlungwa, ngenkathi kubalulekile ukusula okusele. Umhluzi obangelwa ulethwa ku-200 ml ngamanzi abilisiwe. Iphuzwe 1 isipuni esikhulu izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
Ukufakwa kwezithelo ze-blueberry kusebenza kakhulu kuhudo kanye nohudo. Ukuyilungisa, udinga ukuhlanganisa isipuni esikhulu esingu-1 sebhaluni eyomile ne-200 ml wamanzi abilisiwe asanda kubiliswa. Cwilisa ingxube imizuzu emi-5. phezu kokushisa okuphansi bese kuthi imizuzu engu-15. ngaphansi kwesembozo. Baphuza umuthi ku-1 isipuni esikhulu izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
Futhi, kukhishwa i-decoction of blueberries yesifo sikashukela. Ukuyilungisa, udinga ukuxhuma i-1 spoonful enkulu yamaqabunga omisiwe namagatsha e-blueberry nge-400 ml wamanzi abilisiwe asanda kubiliswa. Bopha 5 imiz. ima emlilweni ophansi. Ngemuva kokuthi isiphuzo ngaphansi kwesembozo singene imizuzu engama-60, kufanele sihlungwe. I-decoction idakwe isigamu seglasi kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla.
Contraindication
Ama-Blueberries angadliwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngoba ayinakho ukuphambana. Kepha konke okufanayo, umuntu kufanele azi isilinganiso, ngoba uma ukudla okungalawuliwe kunenqwaba yezithelo ze-blueberry, kungalimaza umzimba. Lapho umuntu egcotshwa ngokweqile, uyahlanza, abe nesicanucanu noma angaphenduki. Inani elikhulu lama-antioxidants emzimbeni anciphisa inani le-oksijini engena emisipha, okuholela ekwephulekeni kwemisebenzi yemisipha yomzimba. Ngokudla ngokulinganisela kwama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo, nangokusebenzisa izithelo ezijwayelekile, ukulondolozwa, ukufakwa kanye nama-decoctions ebusika, kungenzeka ukuthi ube yisibindi eside, okuyi-shrub uqobo, esingaphila iminyaka eyi-100 ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
