Imbangela evame kakhulu yokulahleka kokuhlobisa ezitshalweni zasendlini yizinkinga zokukhanya. Amahlumela amancane, amaqabunga amancane ahlanganiswe emthunzini ayizimpawu eziphambili zokuntuleka kokukhanya. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukubhekana nemiphumela yokuntuleka kokukhanya kulula. Ngenkinga yokugeleza, isitshalo kungenzeka singalulami noma sidinge izinyanga ezinde zomzabalazo ukuze siphinde sibonakale sithandeka. Ungabhekana nale nkinga ngezindlela ezihlukile - kusuka ekuhlelweni kabusha okulula kuya ekukhanyiseni nasekuzihlukaniseni ngemodi yokukhanya elawulwayo - ama-sanatorium akhanyayo.
Ukwebheka amahlumela bese usula amaqabunga esihlahla sombumbi kuwuphawu lokuzithokozisaUkuqina - imiphumela yokukhanya okuphansi
Izinkinga ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zasendlini azinakugwemeka ngisho nangabalimi abanolwazi. Noma yikuphi ukulahleka komphumela wokuhlobisa kudinga ukuhlaziywa okubanzi. Ukunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nezimo zokushisa ezingafanele kuthinta kokubili ukukhula nesimo samaqabunga ezitshalo zasendlini. Ubunzima obuningi ekulimeni kwabo buhambisana nezinambuzane nezifo. Kepha eyokuqala yazo zonke izizathu ezihloliwe futhi yatholakala, futhi imbangela engenzeka cishe yazo zonke izehlakalo ezingezinhle - ukumbozwa okwanele.
I-Ethero yisifo esidalwa ukukhanyisa okunganele futhi okubonakaliswa ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula, ukuphakama kwamahlumela, ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga kanye nokulahleka kwemibala kanokusho, ukudangala okujwayelekile, kanye nezinkinga zezempilo zezitshalo. Eqinisweni, yi-chlorosis, engena ekuphazamiseni ukukhula. Izimpawu zokuqala futhi ezisobala kakhulu zokuzisholoba ukugcotshwa kwamaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Izimo ezinde azilungiswa futhi izimpawu azinakwa, lapho isitshalo esingaphakathi sibukeka sicindezelekile futhi siba namandla ngokwengeziwe ukusatshalaliswa, ukwelula okungekhona okungokwemvelo, ukwexisa, ukubulala.
I-Etierals ayisongeli nje kuphela ukuhlobisa izitshalo ezingamahlamvu, kodwa futhi ibonakala ngokuqina kuzo, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezinamaphethini aqhakazile, anhlobonhlobo ngamaqabunga noma imibala engafani nalutho, lapho ukucwazimula kunamandla khona futhi kubonakaliswa ngokushesha. Kukhona izitshalo ezibonisa ukumelana okuthandekayo futhi isikhathi eside zigcina kuphela izibonakaliso zokuqala zemiphumela yokukhanya okunganele, futhi kukhona lezo ezishintshayo, ezelulayo nezibuna zivele ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu.
Imbangela yokuvezwa kwemizwa ihlala injalo - ukukhethwa okungafanele kwezimo. Akunandaba noma ngabe ufuna isitshalo segumbi nendawo ethile, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha indawo yokubeka isilwanyana sakho sasekhaya esilithandayo, kungukungafani phakathi kokukhanya endaweni nendawo nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye zesitshalo esiholela ekukhuleni okulimazayo nezinkinga zempilo. Ukugcotshwa kweqiniso kuhlala kuyiphutha labanikazi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nokuqothulwa kungukuvimbela. Gwema amaphutha, ulinganise ubukhulu bokukhanya, funda ngokucophelela imininingwane ngohlobo ngalunye, ucacise ama-nuances lapho uthenga - lezi yizindlela ezizosiza ukugwema ubunzima. Kodwa noma ngabe kukhethwe ngokucophelela, izinkinga ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo ezihambisana nokukhanyisa okunganele zisasekhona. Futhi iphuzu aligcini nje ukuthi i-photophilicity yamanye amasiko ingeneliseki ezindlini zedolobha, akuhlali njalo ezinkambisweni zezitshalo ezikhulisiwe futhi zithengiswa ezimweni ezinhle ngokukhanyiswa noma ngokumangazayo okungathandeki okulindelwe ngokungafanele ngesikhathi sasebusika. Izinkinga ngezitshalo ezifuna ukukhanya kalula zingavela ngisho nakubalimi abanolwazi kakhulu. Kepha azikho neze izizathu zokususa isitshalo noma ukubheka izixazululo zekhadinali. Njenganoma iyiphi inkinga noma isifo, ukuqaqanjelwa kungabhekwa. Futhi ukuthi kuzokwazi ukwenza lokhu kuya okokuqala, ngentshiseko yakho nokubekezela.
Njengoba nje izilimo zasendlini ziyehluka emandleni abo okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene, ziyahlukahluka kakhulu emandleni abo okululama ekuphazamisekeni kokukhula okuhambisana nokushoda kokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, njengoba i-cacti kanye ne-anculents ethinteka yi-assure, njengomthetho, ayibuyiselwa nhlobo, isayithi elinyaziwe noma elonakalisiwe ekukhanyiseni okungekuhle lihlala njalo. Abalimi bengaphakathi kanye nehlobo, izitshalo ezikhulayo ezinezithombo eziqinile ngokwazo ngeke zilulame. Kubo, ngaphezu kwezimo zokulungisa noma i-sanatorium, uzodinga futhi ukwenza ukwakheka nokuthena, ukuvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ajwayelekile. Ezilimeni eziqhakazayo, imiphumela yokuqaqanjelwa kuzoba ukweqa umjikelezo wezimbali. Kepha izitshalo eziningi zokuhlobisa-ezi-deciduous, izihlahlana nezihlahla ezinamahlahla, ngemuva kokulungiswa okulungile kanye "nokwelashwa okukhanyayo", ziyakwazi ukubuyisa ubuhle bazo.
Ngaphambi kokubhekana nenkinga ebangelwa ukukhanyisa okunganele, kubalulekile ukukhipha zonke ezinye izifo noma izinto ezingadala ukulahleka kombala, ukwelula nokuqina. Ezinye izinkomba ze-chlorosis ziyefana nokunqotshwa kwezifo nezinambuzane, kanti ukubambezeleka ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Kufanele silwele ukubuyiselwa kwesitshalo esithintwe ukukhanya okungalungile ngemuva kokuba zonke ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zisusiwe.
Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwezitshalo zasendliniAmasu ayisisekelo ukulwa nokukhanya okuphansi
Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nanoma yiziphi - zombili izinkinga ezinzima nezingathi sína ezihambisana nokuntuleka kokukhanya - ukulungiswa kwezimo ngokushesha. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sisuswe endaweni enomthunzi futhi ngasese siyiswe endaweni efanelekile ngokuphelele kuyo ngokuya ngezidingo zohlobo oluthile. Ukwanda okuqinile kwamandla okukhanya akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu. Isitshalo sihanjiswa kancane kancane, eduze kwamafasitela noma kwamanye amagumbi, sithambisa isikhathi soguquko. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuyingozi ikakhulukazi, lapho kungcono ukuvikela khona izilimo ezilimazayo okungenani amaviki ambalwa. Uma lesi sitshalo besivele simi ku-sill ekhanya kakhudlwana, khona-ke udinga ukwengeza izitshalo.
Uma ukuqina kubuthakathaka, uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala ze-chlorosis futhi wakwazi ukuthatha isenzo, khona-ke ungama lapho. Isitshalo, esithuthelwe ngesikhathi endaweni enhle, sizolulama ngokushesha. Kepha uma ukunyakaza okulula akwanele, isitshalo sonakaliswa kabi, ngaphezu kwe-chlorosis, kunezinye izimpawu, kufanelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingathi sína - qhubeka nokwelashwa kwe-etiological.
I-sanatorium ekhanyayo, i-phytotron nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ekwehlukaniseni umzimba
Namuhla, inguquko encane yenzeka ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi nasendleleni yezitshalo ezikhulayo endlini. Ukubuyela kwimfashini yama-florariums, ukudluliswa kokunaka izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi neziqukathi ezingejwayelekile ezivela ezitshalweni zasendulo akuyona ukuphela kwendlela yeminyaka yamuva. Ngokukhula, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezikhethekile zasekhishini noma amapulazi amancane asetshenziswa ezimeni zamakamelo aqala ukufakwa kumaphrojekthi wasekhishini, futhi abathandi bezamasiko angajwayelekile, bakhulisa ukukhethwa kwabo kwama-terrariums, imibukiso yezimbali nama-phytotrons, athi ukujika kancane kancane emaphusheni omnikazi wegreenhouse yanamuhla abe yimali ebiza kakhulu. okunethezeka.
Imibono emisha ekuhleleni ama-phytotrons nama-terrariums wezimbali kukhunjuzwa ngesimo esilula kakhulu, eshibhile futhi senzeni ngokwakho sokunakekela izitshalo - i-sanatorium elula noma yelanga. Indlela yokukhulisa izitshalo ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, izifundo ezithokozisayo esezikhohliwe isikhathi eside, iphinda idonse ukunakwa. Umqondo owakhiwa uN.M. I-Verzilin yokwelashwa kwezitshalo zasendlini ezihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, namuhla kubuye kwaxoxwa futhi futhi kwenziwa. Kuliqiniso, akusibo bonke abantu abazovumela ukwakha ibhokisi elikhethekile le-plywood elingamamitha abanzi ekubuyiselweni kwezitshalo endaweni elinganiselwe yamakamelo, kepha umbono osekelwa kule ndlela ngokwayo kufanele usasetshenziselwe ukulwa nemiphumela yokushiswa.
I-solar noma i-sanatorium ekhanyayo - indlela yokubuyiselwa kwemali yokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, izinkathi zonyaka noma izici ezijwayelekile zokukhanya kwegumbi ngokukhanya kukagesi. Eqinisweni, kusetshenziswa umgomo ofanayo njengalapho kukhanyiswa khona amagumbi okugcina izithombo, ukufudumala noma ezinhlelweni zezulu zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo ezisebenzisa amanzi, kodwa ngenhloso entsha. Ezimweni ezifuywayo, ezitshalweni zasendlini akudingekile ngisho ukusebenzisa ama-phytolamp akhethekile ngezibonisi - amajwayelekile ama-bulbs anamuhla anamandla angama-watts ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200 asiza ukuphatha izitshalo kakhudlwana. Izibani ze-Incandescent, eziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ezithathelwa indawo nezixazululo zanamuhla nobuchwepheshe besimanje, zihambisana nobungozi bokushiswa ngokweqile. Kepha ngisho zenza ukuthi zikwazi ukuxazulula umsebenzi wokwelapha ukukhululeka. Indlela elula kunazo zonke ukuthenga isibani esenziwe ngomumo ngqo kuma-terrariums nama-florariums ezitolo ezigxila kuma-aquariums.
Inhloso ye-sanatorium ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ezithintekile ngezimo ezifanele ngokukhanya okukhulu, ngokweqiniso "kugcwala" amaqabunga bese ziba nokukhanya futhi zibuyisele ukubukeka kwazo okunempilo ekukhanyisweni okuzinzile okumi kahle ngezimo ezilawulwayo. Izindlela ezinjengalezi azisetshenziswa kuphela uma isitshalo sithinteka kakhulu ngokuqakathekiswa - ngaphezu kokubumbana, kuvela nezinye izimpawu, isitshalo sisesimweni sokucindezelwa kakhulu. Ama-sanatorium akhanyayo nawo ayasebenza:
- ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ukubeka izitshalo ukuvimba ukwelula kanye nokulahleka kwesimo izinsuku eziningana ngenyanga noma njalo amahora amaningi;
- ukusikwa kwe-midzi
- ukukhuthaza nokulawula ukuqhakaza;
- izithombo ezikhulayo.
Kunezindlela ezine zokwelashwa ezisuselwa kwimigomo yama-sanatorium akhanyayo:
1. I-Phytotrons - imithombo yezokuxhumana ephathekayo noma engazenzakaleliukulawula ngokuphelele i-microclimate - ukusuka ekukhanyiseni nasezingeni lokushisa ukuya kumswakama nokunisela. Abakabi yimfashini nathi. Kepha ukuthambekela kokuqamba kwaseNtshonalanga, ukusebenzisa ama-phytotrons ngenkuthalo ukukhulisa imifino etafuleni, sekuvele sekuvele emakethe yethu. Uma ngaphambili i-phytotron ibithathwa njengobuchwepheshe besayensi noma bezimboni, namuhla idlulele egunjini nangefomethi ephathekayo. Ku-phytotron, ubukhulu bokubeka ukukhanya nesikhathi sayo kungabekwa ukuze kufinyelelwe umphumela wokwelapha ukuqaqamba. Ama-phytotrons asiza ukubhekana nokuntuleka kokukhanya noma imiphumela yaso, futhi afanelekile ekukhuliseni ama-exotic noma izitshalo ezingenasici.
2. Indlela ye-classical ye-solatorium yelanga ngokusho kweVerzilin - ukubeka lesi sitshalo endaweni evaliwe, ehlukaniswe nebhokisi lokukhanya (ibhokisi noma ikhamera) ene-phytolamp esebenza noma isibani sasendlini esivamile se-100-200 W amasonto ayi-2 kuze kube sekuhlobisweni. Ungazakhela ibhokisi le-plywood ngokwakho, usebenzise amabhokisi we-plywood alungiselelwe noma usonge izindonga ze-aquarium noma i-terrarium ngefilimu emnyama. Isimo esiyinhloko "somsebenzi" we-sanatorium enjalo ukulawula ubukhulu bokukhanya, isikhathi samahora okukhanya kosuku nomoya ophakeme ojwayelekile (ukuvuleka kufanele kube nokwanele ukugeleza komoya njalo, kepha ukugcina konke ukukhanya ngaphakathi. Ukuvikela ngokumiswa komoya ngokweqile, ezitshalweni eziningi, faka iziqukathi ngamanzi noma ezimanzi eduze amatshe amatshe, umoss kanye nobumba olwandisiwe (ngaphandle kwama-suppulents) .Kulolo sanatorium konke ukukhanya kuqondiswe kuphela esitshalweni.
3. Ukubekwa kwezitshalo ezi-hygrophilous endaweni yokudlela noma i-backlit florarium - Ukudluliselwa kwesiko segumbi elilula ezimeni ezilawulwayo ngokukhanyisa okuzinzile. Ukuhleleka kwezimbali zokubonisa kwezimbali ezikhulayo zezitshalo ezinkulu kungabikwa nakulolu khetho. Izinketho ezinjalo azinamphumela wokwelapha ofana nama-phytotrons nama-sanatoriums: aphansi kumakhabethe avaliwe anodonga olumnyama, awahloswanga kangako ekusetshenzisweni okukhanyayo njengokudala indawo efanelekile.
4. Sebenzisa ukusondela kwesibani ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwesitshalo. Izitshalo zasendlini ezihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya zingamane zibekwe ngaphansi kwamalambu, zizibeka kude ngo-30-50 cm ngaphezu kwesitshalo ukuze kukhanye okuzinzile. Isibani sesibani esiqondisa ukukhanya noma i-cap siyowukhulisa kakhulu umphumela. Lolu khetho alunikezi ukwahlukanisa kwesitshalo "ebhokisini" elihlukile noma esitsheni, lulula kakhulu futhi alusebenzi kangako. Kuliqiniso, kuthinta abanikazi ngaphezu kwakho konke: ukulungiswa kokukhanyisa okusebenza njalo kungaphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwegumbi ngezinhloso zalo ezihlosiwe, kubangele ukungaphatheki kahle.
Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwezitshalo zasendlini.
Izinkinga Zokukhanyisa Kwesizini
Noma yimuphi umhlwanyeli uhlangane nezimpawu zokuntuleka kokukhanya okungenani kanye: noma nokukhethwa okuphelele kwezimo ezikhulayo, ukuncishiswa kwesikhashana kokukhanya kubangela ukuhanjiswa okwesikhashana ezinkanyezini ezithembele ukukhanya. Ekwindla nasebusika, ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, ukukhanyisa okunganele kuyiphathini elinganxephezelwa, kodwa okunzima ukuyibalekela.
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesizini ithinta zonke izitshalo zasendlini, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kepha kukude ukuthi kunesidingo sokubhekana nabo kuzo zonke izimo. Lapho utadisha ukukhetha okukodwa kwezitshalo zasendlini, kufanele unake ukuthi ngabe isitshalo sidinga ukukhanyiselwa okuzinzile nokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphoqelela ekwindla nasebusika. Uma isitshalo singenza ngaphandle kokukhanyisela emuva noma ukuhlela kabusha, isikhathi sayo sasebusika sihambisana nesikhathi sokuphumula, khona-ke ngisho nezimpawu zokuntuleka kokukhanya okuvela ezinyangeni zasebusika akuyona imbangela yokwethuka. Lapho nje ukukhula okusebenzayo kuqala entwasahlobo nokukhanya kokuqina kukhuphuka, lesi sitshalo siyozivuselela ngokwaso. Kuwo wonke amasiko anconyelwe ukuthi afuduselwe ezindaweni ezikhanyiselwe ebusika kakhulu ukuze alondoloze izimo ezijwayelekile, ezijwayelekile noma ezinconyelwe ukuhlela ukukhanyisela emuva, izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvela kokunye ukuphela kwendlela ethembekile yokugwema izinkinga.
Ukuvimbela ukufiphaza, ukwelula, ne-dysplasia ehambisana nokwehliswa kwezinkathi ezithile zesikhathi ekukhanyeni, izindlela eziningana zingathathwa:
- Hlela kabusha izitshalo ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi kwamafasitela.
- Hambisa izitshalo kusuka kuma-windowsill asenyakatho noma asentshonalanga ukuze ukhanye aseningizimu.
- Ukuhlela ukukhanyiswa okuyingxenye ngama-phytolamp, okwandisa isikhathi samahora kosuku.
- Nikeza ukukhanyisa okuqhubekayo ukukhulisa ukuqina nesikhathi ubude bokukhanya.
- Hambisa izitshalo emcimbini wokubonisa izimbali noma kuma-phytotrons.
Uma i-sanatorium ekhanyayo yakhiwe ukwelapha ezinye izitshalo, khona-ke ebusika ingasetjenziselwa ukuvimbela ukufiphala kwamahlumela. Ukugqamisa amahora angama-20-30 ngenyanga (izinsuku eziningana zilandelana noma amahora ambalwa ngosuku) kuzovimbela ukuqothuka.
