Njengoba wazi, isisekelo esithululelwe kahle sinikeza amandla nokwethenjwa endlini efakwe kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ukhonkolo ofanele wesisekelo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakha ngempumelelo. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo esiphakanyisiwe, khetha uhlobo lomxube kokhonkolo. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa yisisindo esilinganisiwe sesakhiwo, inani laso lezitolo, kanye nenhloso eyayihlosile. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lukakhonkolo, umuntu kufanele futhi axove ngokwanele ukuze izakhiwo zomkhiqizo ezikhonjiswe umenzi kuzinto zobuchwepheshe zingalahleki.
Ukukhetha ngokulebula: umehluko nenhloso
Ingxube lapho ikhonkolo elungiselelwe isisekelo inokumaka okuthile. Kuboniswa yincwadi "M", futhi inenombolo ngokusho kukhethwe ukhonkolo ukhonkolo ukulungiselela ukulungiswa kwezingxube. Ngokuya ngenani, bazothola izici zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo osetshenzisiwe nezakhiwo zawo. Izingxube ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izisekelo zenqwaba, i-monolithic ne-strip. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zingxube kungenzeka ngezindlela ezihlangene zokwakha. Amamaki kakhonkolo wesisekelo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ayinhloko:
- M100.
- M150.
- M200.
- M250.
- M300.
- M400.
Ukwehluka kungenzeka phakathi kweqembu elifanayo. Lezi zingxube ziyehluka enhlosweni nasekuhlosweni okuhlosiwe. Uhlobo lodaka lwesisekelo lunqunywa ngokuya ngecebo lokuhlelwa lesakhiwo esakhiwayo.
M100
Isixazululo esibuthakathaka kakhudlwana. Ingxube kakhonkolo elungiselelwe kusuka kulolu hlobo lukakhonkolo lungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo kocingo, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezincane zokukhanya, ngokwesibonelo, lokhuni. Lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo alulungele ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo sendlu yangasese, ngisho nendaba eyodwa. Ungasebenzisa lo brand ekwakhiweni kwamagaraji amancane enzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo. Umthwalo olinganiselwa esakhiweni, lapho kusungulwa isisekelo salolu hlobo lukakhonkolo, kufanele kube kuncane noma kungabikho ngokuphelele.
M150
Lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo lungasetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokulungiselela ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo somucu wendlu yangasese. Ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezikhanyayo kusuka ku-cinder block, ukhonkolo we-aerated noma ukhonkolo, ungasebenzisa futhi ukhonkolo walolu hlobo. Izakhiwo zivunyelwe kuphela-ndaba eyodwa. Ungasebenzisa ukhonkolo walolu hlobo ekwakhiweni kwamagaraji, izakhiwo zezolimo, inqobo nje uma izakhiwo zinendaba eyodwa.
M200
Lolu hlobo lokuxubana ukhonkolo kuklanyelwe ukudala imikhiqizo ekhonkolo. Kusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-slabs phansi. Ngokwezimpawu zayo zobuchwepheshe, le nhlanganisela ihlukaniswa njengezakhiwo (ngokuya ngezimpawu zamandla). Ukusungula izisekelo, ungasebenzisa lo hlobo lukakhonkolo, uma uhlela uhlobo lokukhanya olunqwabelana esakhiweni esakhiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, isakhiwo esakhiwayo singaba nesitezi esisodwa noma ezimbili.
M250
Kusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezizimele. Yikhonkolo enjalo enconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa isisekelo sendlu yangasese, kungakhathalekile inani layo lezitolo (amandla avumela inkundla eyodwa, izindaba ezimbili nezakhiwo zezitezi ezintathu ukubekezelela, lapho kungekho umthwalo owengeziwe esakhiweni). Indawo yezindlu ezakhiwayo ingahluka, inhloso yezinhlaka ezakhiwayo yindlu.
M300
Ukuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo kwalolu hlobo kunconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ophahleni be-monolithic. Izici zayo zamandla zikhombisa ikhono lokusebenzisa le ngxube lapho kuthululelwa isisekelo sezakhiwo zokuhlala, izindlu zangasese nezakhiwo, inani lezitolo zazo elihluka ukusuka ezitezi ezintathu kuya kwezihlanu. Izindlu ezinkulu zangasese ezinomthwalo osindayo, noma kunezitolo zazo ezintathu, kunconyelwa nokwakha kukhonkolo lwale brand.
M400
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo esisekelweni sikakhonkolo se-M400 kufanelekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, isibalo sezitolo zazo esidlula izitezi ezinhlanu. Ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, noma ezinye izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo kwalolu hlobo kungenzeka ngokuphakama kwesakhiwo okuhleliwe kufinyelela kumaflethi angamashumi amabili.
Ungayilungiselela kanjani ukhonkolo wesisekelo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lukakhonkolo olukhethiwe, ukulinganiselwa kwezithako kunqunywa lapho kuxuba ingxube kakhonkolo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izisekelo ezahlukahlukene - itheyiphu, inqwaba, islab kanye nabanye - zidinga amasu ahlukile wokusebenza nesisekelo. Lapho uxuba ukhonkolo wesisekelo, ngaphezu kwempuphu yesimende uqobo, izithako ezilandelayo kufanele zibe ngobukhulu obukhulu:
- Amanzi. Kumele ihlanzeke. Kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa ukuphuza, noma ukuthathwa emthonjeni. Okuhlanzayo amanzi, okungcono kuzoba ukunamathela kokugcina kwekhambi. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa amanzi angcoliswe ngomhlaba, isihlabathi, udaka, amaqabunga awele ezihlahleni nakwamanye udoti. Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi umphumela wokugcina wengxube kasimende ophelile, ngenxa yalokho, amandla esisekelo sezikhukhula aya ngokuwohloka. Lapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo ngomthwalo omkhulu okulindelekile, ukonakala kwamandla ayisisekelo kungaba nemiphumela ebulalayo.
- Isihlabathi. Njengamanzi, kufanele kuhlanzeke. Ku akufanele kube nokungcola kweqembu lesithathu, ikakhulukazi kusuka kubumba. Isihlabathi esingcoliswe ngumhlaba, udaka, imfucuza encane nobunye ubuthukuthele bungathinta kakhulu amandla wokuhlanganiswa kukakhonkolo. Uma kungenzeka, isihlabathi kufanele sivinjezelwe ngaphambi kokubekwa kusihlanganisi sikakhonkolo. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokwengxenye umsebenzi we-mixer ukhonkolo, futhi kuzovumela ukuhlukanisa isihlabathi kokungcola okuncane nokukhulu.
- Rubble. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa noma i-gravel yokulinganisa 1-1.5 cm, noma amatshe. Lapho usebenzisa itshe elichotshoziwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ingxenyana yensimbi echotshoziwe ifane, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwengxube kufane.
Njengoba, ngokungafani nosimende, isihlabathi kwesinye isikhathi asikwazi ukugcinwa kumagumbi owomile anomoya omuhle (ugcinwe ngaphandle), sibamba kalula umswakama wamazolo, imvula kanye nomswakama ovela emoyeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kubalwa isilinganiso sokhonkolo wesisekelo, amanzi aqukethwe kumswakama wesihlabathi nawo kudingeka acatshangwe.
Ngokuya ngevolumu yebhets yesikhathi esisodwa yengxube, kuyadingeka ukuthatha amalitha amanzi amaningi futhi kunciphise isilinganiso sokuyibeka kuhlanganisi kakhonkolo.
Ibala isilinganiso sengxube
Ukuxuba udaka lokuthela isisekelo kumele kwenziwe ngokuxubana kokhonkolo - umthamo wokuxubana ukhonkolo okudingekayo ukuthulula isisekelo awunakuhlanganiswa ngokushesha ngesandla, futhi nekhwalithi yodaka oluhlanganiswe nefosholo ilibi kakhulu futhi ayifanelekile ukufaka isisekelo.
Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe usimende. Ungayikhetha kanjani uhlobo lukakhonkolo, kuya ngezinhloso zesakhiwo esakhiwayo, kuchazwe esigabeni esingenhla. Yize isixazululo esinolaka ngokwengeziwe sizophuma sibize kakhulu ngemali ekhokhwayo, ngoba uhlobo lwentengo luyabiza kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso salo engxenyeni eqediwe sikhulu, isakhiwo sizohlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama nobunjiniyela. Ngenxa yokuhambisana nale mithetho, umthwalo osesakhiweni uzolingana nalokho obekulindelwe, futhi lokhu, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu abasebenza, abahlala noma abchitha isikhathi sokuphumula esakhiweni esakhiwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-powder kasimende isha.
Thenga izikhwama akufanele kube ngaphambi kwamaviki awu-1-1,5 ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza naye.
Ithatha kalula umswakama, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ilahlekelwa yimpahla yayo. Usimende ofakwe kukhonkolo wesisekelo kumele womile, ukhulule, ungabi nanto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhwama akufanele zigcinwe ngaphandle, kodwa kumagumbi owomile futhi anomoya omuhle.
Nakhu ukubalwa okulinganiselwe kwezithako ezidingekayo ebangeni likakhonkolo M300 noma i-M400:
10 kg usimende + 30 kg wesihlabathi + 40-50 kg kogqinsi olucwebezelwe kahle.
Lesi yisisindo sezithako eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kutholakala cishe ama-80-90 kg wengxube yenqwaba eyenzelwe ukulungisa isixazululo. Amanzi ayingxenye enesisindo njengalezi zithako ezenziwa ngobuningi:
(10 kg usimende + 30 kg wesihlabathi + 40-50 kg wamatshe acwebezelwe kahle) / 2 = 40-45 amalitha amanzi angahlanzekile.
Lapho wengeza amanzi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isixazululo kufanele sibe mnene ngokwanele. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi amancane bese wethula kancane kancane kwikhambi.
Ukuze kube lula, kungakuhle ukubamba i-hose endaweni yokusebenza ne-mixer ekhonkolo.
Kulesi sihloko, isilinganiso kanye nokubalwa kokulungiswa kokhonkolo kwesisekelo kwanikezwa. Ukuchazwa kwamamenti ahlukahlukene kasimende kuzokusiza ukhethe ingxube efanele.
