Izici zokwelapha ezimangalisa iklabishi zazaziwa ngeminyaka engama-5000 BC. ERoma lasendulo, kwakukhona izinto zemilingo kuye futhi zisetshenziswa emasikweni nasekwelapheni izifo. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu, iklabishi yafika eRussia ngamaJalimane kanye namaCelt. Imifino edumile iye yathandwa ngenxa yokutholakala kwayo futhi yaziwa njengezokwelapha.
I-Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis). © ctmarie3Izici ewusizo iklabishi
Iklabishi namazambane kuhlala endaweni yokuqala ekudleni kweningi lemindeni. Ihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwefiber. Iklabishi nezinhlobonhlobo zalo kungumthombo wamavithamini aphambili wamaqembu "B", "C", angavamile kakhulu ezitshalweni zemifino "K" no "U". Iklabishi lidume ngokuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kwe-tocopherol, niacin, rutin, biotin, izakhi: potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc kanye nezinye. Ngenxa yefayibha, iklabishi lithatha iziphuzo ezidakayo futhi lihlanze igazi, futhi ama-anthocyanins nemikhiqizo eshintshashintshayo isusa imiphumela yemisebe.
Isiko liyaphawuleka ikakhulukazi ngokuphulukisa kwalo, izakhiwo zokudla nokunambitha zalo. Ama-amino acid abaluleke kakhulu, ama-pectin, ama-malic kanye nama-citric acid, amavithamini nezinye izinto ezakha leli qembu lemifino kwenza kube ngumkhiqizo wokudla ongabalulekile. Iklabishi, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zalo, iyi-prophylactic enhle ye-oncology yemisuka ehlukahlukene. Isibabule ne-chlorine, ezikhona eklabishi ngesimo sezithako, zihlanza izindonga zendlela yokugaya.
I-Cauliflower, ithinta i-carbohydrate kanye ne-fat metabolism, ibandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwe-hematopoiesis nokwakhiwa kwamathambo. Iklabishi elingaphekiwe liyisidakamizwa esihle, esishubile - esilungisa. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-anthelmintic uma uphikelela ngembewu emanzini abilayo futhi uyithatha ngesisu esingenalutho. Isiko lisetshenziswa ekudleni, ekuphekeni, e-cosmetology. Impahla enkulu eyenza ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni ebalulekile yabantu i-hypoallergenicity yayo. Kulabo abanenkinga yokudla, lo ukuphela komthombo wamavithamini nezinye izinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni.
Sizobuyisela ikholifulawa engadini
Ngokwezindinganiso zokudla ezenzelwe ngokwesayensi, i-1/4 yama-akhawunti wokudla nsuku zonke eklabishi. Okunyaka, inqubo ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza imifino ingamakhilogremu ayi-122, lapho iklabishi libiza ama-34 kg kumuntu ngamunye, kuthi kuwo kudliwe ama-29 kg eklabishi elimhlophe kanye no-2 kg kuphela wekholifulawa, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi kubahlali emadolobheni amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyizinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo semifino esinikeza imikhiqizo yokuqala evulekile yomhlabathi.
Izinsuku zokuthuthukiswa kanye yokuvuthwa kokuvunwa izinhlobo kanye nzalo of ukholifulawa
Ngokuvuthwa, isiko lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu:
- Izinhlobo zokuqala kanye nzalo. Iqembu lifaka izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zesikhathi sokuhluma kuya ekuvuthweni kwekhanda zezinsuku ezingama-90-100.
- Izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo kanye nzalo zihlanganisa maphakathi ekuqaleni konyaka, phakathi nesizini naphakathi sekwephuzile.
- Abokuqala bakha isivuno semvelo ngezinsuku ezingama-105 kuya ku-136.
- Mid-isizini, yakha isivuno ngezinsuku eziyi-110- 136- 145.
- Okuphakathi-sekwephuzile - izinsuku eziyi-146-159.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nzalo yakamuva yamakholifulawa akha isivuno ngezinsuku eziyi-160-170. Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezinezimila ngezinsuku ezingama-170-230.
Ukholifulawa engadini. © MarisaPerezIzinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa
Kwasekuqaleni (sekuvuthiwe)
Izinhlobo zokuqala zekholififera ezivuthwa kakhulu ezivame ekukhuleni imifino yangasese zifaka iFirst Gribovskaya 1355, Movir 74, Fruernite, iMosco Skoropelka, Snezhinka.
Ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe kuhlu, iFruernite yakha amakhanda amakhulu kunawo wonke anesisindo esingama-5 kg. I-Movir 74 neGribovsky yokuqala idinga ukuthambisa njalo. I-Movir 74 imelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokubanda.
I-Snowflake neqhwa leqhwa ziyizinhlobonhlobo, zivuthwa yi-cauliflower (izinsuku ezingama-90-120).
Umkhiqizo wokuqala wakhiwa yi-Snowball yokuqala (iDenmark), ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-55-60.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zokuzalela kamuva, i-Amphora hybrid ilungele ukukhula ekhaya eRussia.
Ukwahluka okuhlukahlukeneyo kuvame ukuvuthwa ngenkathi efudumele enkundleni evulekile, futhi eduze nezifunda eziphakathi ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zamafilimu.
Naka izinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa uDachnitsa. Kuboniswa isikhathi eside kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwesitshalo sobuchwepheshe, esilungele ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu. Isikhathi sokutholwa kwezitshalo ezingamagciwane sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-80-100.
I-Coleman ihlukile kwesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kwakha isivuno ngezinsuku ezingama-90 kuya kwengama-90.
IMontano ilungele abathandi bezinhlobo zamaDashi. Inconyelwe ukukhula ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela (ifilimu, i-spandbod nezinye izinto).
Medium (mid-early, mid-season, mid-late)
Ezinhlotsheni zalokhu kukhethwa, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yiWarranty, Patriotic, White Ball, White White, Moscow Canning, Goodman, Lateman.
Ubuhle obumhlophe buhlukaniswa yizithelo eziphakeme, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Abathandi bendawo ye-Cauliflower abahlukahlukene babela ukumelana namazinga okushisa ngokweqile. IMontning canning yenzelwe indawo evulekile nevalekile eRussia engxenyeni yaseYurophu kanye naseSiberia.
Izinhlobo ezincane zekholiflower ezisencane uGoodman noLateman bezakhiwe kusukela ngonyaka ka 2000 ukuthola iziza zomuntu uqobo eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, Central, Central Black Earth nakwezinye izindawo ezifundeni zase West Siberian. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-105 kuphela. Izinhlobonhlobo zeLatman nazo zenani lokumelana kwayo nezimo zesimo sezulu esingesihle, ukulimala okuphansi kwe-bacteriosis, keel, fusariosis.
Ukufika sekwephuzile (maphakathi sekwephuze futhi sekwephuzile)
Izinhlobonhlobo zalokhu kukhetha zidinga isikhathi eside esifudumele. Zikhule ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeRussian Federation. Ezakhamuzini ezivame kakhulu ehlobo, izinhlobo ze-cauliflower ezifika sekwedlule isikhathi i-Adler ebusika 679, i-Adler entwasahlobo, iSlohi ziyasetshenziswa.
I-Adler yasebusika i-679 yenzelwe i-Krasnodar Territory.
Izinhlobo Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Andes - Ukuzalela amaDashi nokwenziwa kabusha kweMagellan Dutch (okuphakathi naphakathi sekwephuzile) kufanelekile ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma kwezinye izimo zokumboza.
I-Skywalker isho amabanga ama-Dutch cauliflower afika sekwephuzile ikakhulukazi kwizimo sezulu ezishisayo.
Ikholifulawa. © Ngokujabulisayo Osetshenziselwe Amakhaya EkhayaImithetho eyisisekelo yokuthola isivuno esiphezulu sekholifulawa
Abalimi abaningi bakhala ngokuthi ekhaya abakwazi ukuthola isivuno sekholififitha esezingeni eliphakeme: amakhanda mancane, ihlathi liyaphakama, ukunambitheka kubabayo, njll.
Ukugwema izinkathazo, kufanele:
- hlala ukholifulawa kuphela izinhlobo ezibunjiwe,
- Ngaphambi kokuthenga, zijwayeze izici zesimo sendawo (amahora okukhanya kwelanga, izinkathi zemvula nezomile, iqhwa) bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezihluliwe.
- ukufunda izici zemvelo zesiko kanye nezidingo zezinhlobonhlobo noma i-hybrid ekukhuleni, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ubukhulu kanye nokuvama kokunisela, ukutholakala kwezakhi zomzimba),
- ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ngezithombo ezinempilo.
Isimo esifushane sokuzalwa
Ikholifulawa is a subspecies of engadini iklabishi (iklabishi). Isici sebhayoloji singumjikelezo wonyaka wokuthuthukisa. Isiko ngesikhathi sokukhula (ngokungafani neklabishi yasengadini) lenza isivuno ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphila. Isistimu yezimpande i-fibrous. Dinga umswakama oqhubekayo kungqimba yezimpande. Isiqu singama-cylindrical aze abe ngu-70 cm ukuphakama, izinhlobonhlobo ngazinye zakha amahlumela asezingeni elithile. Ngobude besiqu esikhulu, izisekeli ziyadingeka. Isitho sokudla sibekwe ngendlela yamabhulashi awugqinsi 3 cm cm ubude. Ekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe, imelelwa yikhanda kusuka amahlumela afinyeziwe ngokuqala kwama-inflorescences. Lapho ubambezelwa ukuvuna, kwakheka amahlumela embewu eyedlule - pods ngembewu. Ukuvunwa ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-18-35.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokukhula ikholifulawa
Isibani
I-Cauliflower ine-Photophilous, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuhluma kanye nesikhathi sokukhula emhlabathini ovulekile. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, isiqu sinwetshwa, amakhanda akhiwa athuthukile, amabi, athambekele ezifweni ezivame ukwenziwa. Ngokukhanya kosuku olude, bashintsha ngokushesha ekwakhiweni kwembewu.
Imodi yokushisa
Ukuthola isivuno esiphakeme sekholifulawa, kuyadingeka ukubusa imibuso eshisayo neyokunisela. Isiko alikukhuthazi ukupholisa isikhathi eside, ngaphansi kuka + 10 ° C. I-optimum, ukusuka esigabeni sokuhluma kuya ekubunjweni kwamakhanda, izinga lokushisa lomoya + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Okuphezulu kuvimbela ukukhula kwe-inflorescences. Ukuhlanganiswa komswakama ophansi ngokushisa okuphezulu nokushintshashintsha kwawo okubukhali kubi ikakhulukazi.
Izimo zenhlabathi
Ikholifulawa idinga isizinda sezolimo esiphakeme. Ukugwema ukwakheka kwamakhanda onakele, i-acidity yenhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi ngokuhlinzekwa okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba. Njengoba kunikezwe isidingo esikhulu sezakhi zomzimba, ngesikhathi sokukhula, isiko lidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu okuphezulu, kufaka phakathi ama-microelements. Kubaluleke kakhulu i-boron, ithusi, i-molybdenum, ne-magnesium. Qaphela! Ungasebenzisi i-potassium chloride ngaphansi kwe-cauliflower.
Izithombo Zekholishi. © Natalie ShockleeI-Agrotechnics ekhulayo ikholifulawa
Lapho uhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo, izilimo zekholifulawa ziyohlala zisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze ube nemikhiqizo emisha isikhathi eside, indlela esetshenziswayo yokutshala isetshenziswa, ihlwanyelwa ngezikhathi eziningi, kanye nokukhula lapho izimo zekwindla eziphikisayo nokuhlwanyela sekwephuzile endaweni evulekile kutholakala.
Izinsuku zokutshala zezithombo
Ngekholishi ekhula yisithombo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo maphakathi no-Mashi, bese izithombo zitshalwa endaweni evulekile ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngemuva kokudlula kwentwasahlobo eqandayo.
Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezibandayo, ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngoMeyi 15-25 futhi kutshalwe unomphela ngoJuni.
Lapho ukhulisa izithombo zekholifulawa emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi ngaphandle kwezindawo zokukhosela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izilimo eziphumelelayo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Izinsuku zokutshala ezinikeziwe zilinganiselwa. Esifundeni ngasinye ngisho nezifunda ngazinye, kuye ngezimo zezulu zonyaka, izinsuku zokuhlwanyela zingahluka kulezo ezinikezwe izinsuku eziyi-8-16.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Izithombo zikhule kahle kakhulu ezimbizeni ze-peat futhi zitshalwe ngaphandle kwe-dive isikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, abalimi bahlwanyela ikholifulawa embhedeni olungiselelwe efudumele elifudumele. Uma kunesidingo, inhlabathi ihlaselwa ngegciwane ngenye yezindlela ezinconyiwe, futhi ihlanganiswa nomanyolo. Nikela kwisikwele. m 0.5 ibhakede le-humus, umquba noma i-humus eqediwe (300-400 g). I-70 g ye-superphosphate ne-30 g ye-potassium sulfate iyangezwa. Ungathatha isikhundla sengxube yama-tuks amaminerali ngokwenza ama-50-60 g / sq. m nitrofoski noma nitroammofoski.
Ukuhlwanyela kuvamile ngama-aisles angaba ngu-15-20 cm ukuya ku-cm 0.5 cm. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezansi kwama-grooves bese ifafazwa nge-mulch noma ngesihlabathi esihle. Nisela kancane ukuze ungabhubhisi isivuno. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngosuku lwe-4-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lehliselwa ku- + 5 ... + 6 ° C. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kubalulekile. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo se-greenhouse, njengasefulethini, akunakwenzeka ukuthola izithombo. Udinga isimo sezulu esifudumele noma esibandayo. Izinsuku ezingama-5-6 ngemuva kokujwayela ukubanda, izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku- + 15 * C. Ushintsho olunjalo lokushisa luzovumela ukubeka kwamakhanda amakhulu amakhulu, avela ngokujwayelekile wekholifulawa.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-1-2, ukukhethwa kuyenziwa. Izithombo zondliwa ngezikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukondliwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa ngezixazululo zomanyolo wamaminerali empandeni noma ezindleleni.
Imbewu yekholifulawa. © Ihlathi & i-Kim StarrUkondliwa kokuqala kwekholifulawa kuyenziwa emavikini ama-2 emva kokukhetha. Abanye abalimi baluletha ukugqoka phezulu masisha nje ngemuva kokumba. Kepha le ndlela yamukelekile uma izithombo zikhulele emhlabathini ongacoleki ngokuduka ku-acidity. Okondla, chitha 50 g we-nitrofoska ku-10 l wamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Izitshalo zihlanzwa ngobumnene kusuka kwikhambi yezakhi eziwele kumaqabunga ezithombo.
Ekuqaleni kwesigaba samaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2-2, ukugqokwa kwama-foliar kwenziwa ngengxube yama-microelements we-boron ne-molybdenum (1 g / 10 l wamanzi). Le nqubo isheshisa ukukhula kwezithombo, ifaka isandla ekubekweni kwama-inflorescence agcwele.
Indlela yokugqoka elandelayo ye-cauliflower yenziwa ekuqaleni kwamaqabunga wesigaba 4. INitrofosku ixutshwe ekuqoqweni okungama-20 g / 10 l wamanzi afudumele bese kwethulwa (njengakuqala) ngaphansi kwempande ngokunisela okulandelayo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kulungiselelwe ukondliwa kokugcina. Dilute 50-60 g ye-nitrophosphate, 2 g ye-boric acid, i-manganese sulfate ne-sulfate yethusi ku-10 l wethamo. Ingxube ixubene kahle futhi yethulwa ngaphansi kwempande, ilandelwe ukuthambisa.
Inhlabathi igcinwa isesimweni esimanzi (ukunisela ngokweqile, njengokuphuza ngokweqile, kuholela esifweni sohlelo lwezimpande zezithombo, imetabolism engasebenzi kahle).
Izithombo ezingama-30-35 zezinsuku zekholifulawa ubudala zitshalwe unomphela. Izithombo zinezimpande ezakhiwe kahle ze-fibrous, amaqabunga ama-5 akhula ngokujwayelekile, isiqu esiqondile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala kwezinye izimo, ukulima okuthe xaxa kudinga ukuqiniswa ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa kanye noshintsho ezimweni zokukhanya.
Ukutshala nokunakekela Kwangaphandle Kwekholishi
Izandulelo
Abaphambili kakhulu ngamakhukhamba, izaqathe, uphizi, ubhontshisi, u-anyanisi, amazambane. I-Cauliflower akufanele itshalwe endaweni lapho izinhlobo zeziklabishi, utamatisi, ama-beet, ama-turnips atshalwa eminyakeni edlule engu-3-4.
I-Cauliflower izithombo ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. © ingadi yemveloUkulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Ngaphansi kokulungiselela ekwindla kwesikwele esingu-1. m Yenza ibhakede le-humus noma umquba. Ungasebenzisa i-peat. Umanyolo wamaminerali uyangezelelwa: i-nitrophosphate (60 g / sq. M) noma i-superphosphate (50 g) ne-potassium sulfate (30 g) nge-1 sq. m isikwele. Bamba isiza. Entwasahlobo, zidalwa futhi zahlanganiswa kancane. Ukuhlwanyelwa emhlabathini ohlangene kufaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwamakhanda amakhulu.
Ukutshala izithombo zamakholifulawa emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile ngebanga elingama-40-50 x 70 noma 50 x 50 cm. I-humus encane ifakwa ezansi komgodi, ama-5-7 g we-nitrophoska ahlanganiswe. Impande yeklabishi ifafazwa izimpande futhi itshalwe ukuze ingagcwalisi ihlumela le-apical. Ukulala ungqimba wenhlabathi futhi wanisela. Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi ugcwaliswa ekugcineni, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe futhi iniselwe cishe ilitha elilodwa lamanzi afudumele (hhayi ukusuka emthonjeni). Qiniseka ukuthi i-mulch ukuvikela ukwakheka kokuqothuka kwenhlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngendlela ejwayelekile ibe yimisele kuze kufike ekujuleni kuka-1 cm. Ama-anisles ashiywe phakathi kuka-40-50-70 cm. Esigabeni seqabunga lokuqala, izitshalo zixotshwa zilandelana ngo-15-20 cm. Esigabeni samaqabunga ama-5-6, kuthathwa okwesibili. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezandisiwe lishiywe futhi ku-15-20 cm.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunisela
Ikholifulawa - kubhekiswa kubathandi bamanzi. Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokwehla, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo somswakama. Ukunisela kwenziwa izikhathi 2 ngesonto. Kepha kunesici! Ukuchelela kufanele kube kwenele, kepha hhayi ukukhukhula okutshalekile. Emhlabathini omanzi kunokushoda komoya-mpilo, okuphazamisa uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngobudala bezitshalo, ungashintshela ekuniseleni okungandile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7- 7, kodwa ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuba ome. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyabiyelwa noma imbozwe nge-mulch kuze kube yilapho sezihlahla zivaliwe. Ukusuka elangeni, amakhanda ambozwe amaqabunga e-lateral, abopha njengophahla.
Ikholifulawa ekhonjiwe. © Laura RittenhouseUkugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqokwa kokuqala okuphezulu kwezitshalo ensimini kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-17 ukuya kwezi-20, mhlawumbe ngesixazululo. Hlanganisa ngokuphelele amalitha ayi-0,5 e-mullein kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Nikela empandeni, kulandelwa yi-mulching.
Ukugqokwa kwesibili kwe-cauliflower kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12 ngesisombululo se-nitrophoska, kemira noma i-crystallin. I-20-25 g yomanyolo iyachithwa ku-10 l wamanzi. Nge-sq. izinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo ngamalitha angama-5-6.
Ukugqoka kwesithathu okuphezulu kwenziwa futhi ngama-nitrophos. Dissolve 30-40 g ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kwamalitha angama-8-10 kwisikwele esisodwa. m
Ngemuva kokwenza izixazululo zomanyolo, qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izitshalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Uma kunendawo evulekile, inhlabathi iyafakwa phakathi noma i-hoeing, yephula ukuqhuma.
Ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Ukuvikelwa kwe-kolififlower ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali kukhishwa. Lapho usebenzisa ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yamakhambi, ungasebenzisa izitshalo ezingezona ezinobuthi kuphela.
Kulezi zifo, ukholifulawa kuthinteka yi-mucous bacteriosis, i-blackleg, i-altenariosis kanye ne-viral mosaic. Ama-biofungicides angalimazi impilo yomndeni, izilwane, izinyoni zivikela ngempumelelo ezifweni zomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wabo ubonakaliswa ohlelweni lokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ziqala entwasahlobo futhi zenziwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12 kuze kube sekuvuneni. Isiko leli lingaphathwa nge-biofungicides elandelayo: i-haupsin, i-phytosporin, i-alirin-B, enyeir, i-planriz, i-trichodermin, i-hypocladin, i-binoram, i-trichopolum.
Kulezi zinambuzane, amakholifishi we-slugs kanye neminenke adliwe ngokuqinile .. Yenza umonakalo omkhulu ezinambuzini ze-whitewash, amabhu, iklabishi fly, aphid kanye nezinye izinambuzane eziququda futhi ezinciphile. Ama-bioinsecticides alandelayo anikela ngesivikelo esihle ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuhlelekile: bitoxibacillin, bicol, boverin, verticillin nabanye. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ihlangana kahle ekuxubeni kwethangi futhi isebenze kahle ngenkathi icubungula izitshalo. Ngokumelana neminenke kanye nama-slugs impova izitshalo ngomlotha. Umlotha owomile uthelwa i-gauze bese unyakazisa impova yezitshalo. Ihlakazekile futhi emaphasishi nangaphansi kwezihlahla.
Ikholifulawa. © Dave MillerUkuvuna nokugcina
Imikhiqizo yokuvunwa ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe yenziwa ngokukhetha. Amakhanda avuthiwe anqunywa ngamaqabunga ama-rosette ama-3-4. Amaqabunga avikela ama-inflorescence kusuka ekushayweni kwemishini nasekungcoleni. Ukuzisika kwenziwa ngokucophelela, ukugwema ukuwa kokuphuma kwesitolo. Amakhanda asikiwe afakwa ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe.
Kwesinye isikhathi amakhanda wekholifulawa ayakhubazeka ngaphandle kokwenza ifomu lomkhiqizo ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kutshalwe izithombo ezikhulayo, noma umbuso wokunisela (ukunisela ngokweqile kwenhlabathi) uphazamisekile. Inhlabathi eminyene esindayo nokudla okunganele nakho kuthinta kabi ukwethulwa komkhiqizo.
Amakhanda asikiwe angagcinwa amasonto ama-4-6. Emikhiqizweni ehloselwe ukugcinwa, amaqabunga awadatshulwa. Izinga lokushisa elilungile liyi-0 ... + 1 ° C enomswakama womoya okungenani 90-95%. Gcina ikholifulawa ngokwahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo iklabishi.
Ikholifulawa Esikhulayo
Ukukhula kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Uma isimo sezulu singekho futhi amakhanda engenasikhathi sokwenza ngokuphelele, khona-ke angakhishwa ngezimpande bese edluliselwa kwisitezi esingaphansi komhlaba noma esiseleni. Lapho, izitshalo zimiswa ku-trellis ngezimpande zazo phezulu. Ukukhula kwenziwa ekushiseni kwe- + 1 ... + 3 ° C ngaphandle kokuthola ukutholakala komswakama nokukhanya kuhlu lwe-80-90%.
Izitshalo zezikhathi zokutshala sekwephuzile, ezazingenaso isikhathi sokwakha ikhanda ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma kubhavu ngaphandle kokuthola ukukhanya. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga athuthukile kanye nobubanzi bekhanda okungama-5 cm kukhethiwe ukuthi zikhule. Izitshalo zembiwa ngezimpande futhi, ngaphandle kokuzamazama komhlaba, zibekwa ngemigqa emiseleni enamanzi angamamitha ayi-15. Ukukhula kwekhanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30 ekushiseni komoya okungaba ngu-+ 10 ° C kanye nomswakama womoya ongama-85-90%. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa ukuya ku- + 4 ... + 5 ° C, inqubo ifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-40-50. Izinhloko zalesi sikhathi zingathola isisindo esifinyelela ku-0,5 kg. Uma ukukhula kwenzeka ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kufakwa emgomeni njengoba izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla.
