Ukutshala i-elderberry emnyama esakhiweni esinembewu noma ukusikwa

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 izinhlobo ze-elderberry, ezihlukile ngosayizi, ukwakheka nokwakheka kwamaqabunga, izithelo. Ukutshala amajikijolo amnyama kuvame ukwenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlobisa. Lesi siko sitholakala emvelweni yemvelo ye-latitude eshisayo. Isihlahla esihlelwe kahle sithanda iso ngamagatsha amaningi, amahlamvu amakhulu aminyene, siqhakaza kahle nangokubabazekayo. Isithombo se-Oldberry siyasiza ukutshala engadini noma ezweni, iphunga elivela kuyo liyesabisa izinduku nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Iziqu ezinkulu ezinkulu ze-blackberryberry zibukeka zikhanya futhi azijwayelekile ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Amajikijolo avuthiwe sekuyisikhathi eside asetshenziswa emithini yabantu, enza ujamu, isiraphu, ujusi, enza iwayini, adla okusha, futhi omile.

Incazelo Yesiko

I-Black elderberry ingeyomndeni wakwa-adox, isihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu yi-viburnum. Isihlahla sincane ngosayizi, sikhula ngokushesha, ukuphakama okuphezulu kungaba amamitha ayi-8-10. Izimbali zinhle kakhulu, ziwela ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo - ukuqala kwehlobo. Izimbali ezincane ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence, umbala wazo ungaba mhlophe, ukhilimu noma uphuzi. Izithelo zincane, ziningi, umbala wamajikijolo umnyama nge-tint onsomi, ngaphakathi kunezimbewu ezi-2 noma ezi-4. Ukuvunwa kungavunwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuwa ekuqaleni.

IGreatberry yaziwa kabanzi ngezakhiwo zayo ezinenzuzo nezokwelapha; emithini yesintu zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zisetshenziselwa - izimpande, amaqabunga, izimbali, amajikijolo.

Ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo kukhona yonke inkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-tannins nezinto ze-tarry, uwoyela obalulekile, ama-organic acid, amavithamini, ushukela, i-carotene. Kumkhakha wokudla, odayi bemvelo - ama-anthocyanins, ayingxenye yezithelo ze-elderberry, abaluleke kakhulu.

Ukukhetha kwesihlalo

U-Oldberry akathobeki, ubekezelela isomiso, kepha uthanda umswakama nokukhanya. I-Shrub ikhula ngokulinganayo ezinhlelweni zomuntu siqu, emakamelweni, ngaphakathi kwedolobha. Ezindaweni ezimnyama, lesi sitshalo siphulukana nokukhanga okubonakalayo - amagatsha ashesha ukukhula, abe mncane, amahlamvu awela futhi awonakali. Isihlahla se-Oldberry siseduze nezithelo, ukuhlobisa, izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali, uma zingaphoseli isithunzi kuso. Inhlabathi engaphansi kwesihlahlana kufanele ikhethwe ngemvelo enomunxa omningi. Ukunciphisa i-acidity, i-lime, ufulawa we-dolomite ungangezwa emhlabathini. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi.

Ukutshala komdala omnyama

I-elderberry itshalwe kumnyama entwasahlobo. Isitshalo esilungiselelwe singatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga eqale ukuwa. Kungcono ukuqala ukufika esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, kunconywa ukuthambisa nsuku zonke nokukhulula imvamisa.

Ukuqhakaza isihlahla somdala omncane kuvame ukuqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila.

Ukutshala okufanele kwe-blackberry:

inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele uhlanze indawo ekhethiwe kusuka kokhula, engeza umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus, humus noma umquba;
izithombo ezimbili noma ezintathu zeminyaka ubudala zikhetho esingcono kakhulu sokufeza ukubuna kwezitshalo ngokushesha;
umgodi wokufaka isilenge ugayiwe ngaphandle kwesigamu semitha, phansi kuthululwe, kufakwe cishe isigamu sebhakede lamanzi;
Fafaza isithombo esilungiselelwe ngomhlabathi ovundisiwe bese uthambisa kancane, ucindezela emhlabathini ngezandla zakho;
iyajula ukuze intamo ye-basal ihlale ingaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba ngesimo samahhala;
Ukunisela isitshalo esisha kwenziwa kangcono emahoreni ambalwa, lapho inhlabathi ihlala kancane;
uma imbewu yesithombo iphansi, khona-ke ishiyelwa mahhala, uma yinde, khona-ke kufanele iboshelwe isikhonkwane.

Imithetho Yokunakekela Abadala

Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-elderberry amnyama akunzima kakhulu, into esemqoka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinokukhanya okwanele nomswakama, akuvimbi utshani lokhula. Amabhasi akhula ngokushesha, ngaphandle kosizo. Uma lokhu kungathandeki, khona-ke ngisho nangesikhathi sokutshala, kufanele ukhawule umgodi ngensimbi, isaladi noma ngenethiwekhi yokwakha.

Isixazululo se-urea sisetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-nitrogen uma utshala i-blackberry, futhi njengesikhunta ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni, ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezingafuneki, isikhunta, izingqimba ezingaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ohlelweni lwezimpande.

Imithetho nezici zokunakekela i-elderberry emnyama:

entwasahlobo, ukuvikela ukushiswa, isiqu esiyinhloko kanye namagatsha asemathanjeni kudwetshwa ngommende;
uma ngemuva kobusika amanye amagatsha kuvela ukuthi aphukile noma omile, bese-ke esikiwe, izindawo zokusika kufanele ziphathwe ngezinhlobo zensimu;
kabili ngonyaka (okungcono entwasahlobo nasekwindla), umanyolo owomile uhlakazekile uzungeze isiqu, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngeziqalo zamanzi zokudla okunempilo nokwakhiwa kwezitshalo;
izithuthukisi zokukhula nezithasiselo zamaminerali ziyadingeka ukuze izihlahlana ezibuthakathaka, ezikhula kancane kancane;
lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele siqala (maphakathi noMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni), isihlahla somhluzi kufanele sikhishwe amagciwane ezilwanyaneni;
Kunconywa ukwenza ukuthenwa kwezihlahla kokuhluma kwezihlahla ngaphambi kokuvela kombala - ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi;
Ukunisela izihlahla kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, kuyilapho kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awagxili engxenyeni eyisisekelo;
ukugcina umswakama, kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla usebenzisa okokugoba kwezinkuni, ukhuni, uthango;
kuyasiza ukukhulula inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ususe ukhula bese ufaka umanyolo we-organic - umquba, urea, umquba, amaconsi enkukhu;
ekugcineni kokuqhakaza, ukhunta kuyavuselelwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi, ku-powdery isikhutha, nasemikhakheni.

U-Elderberry uphendula kahle ekuthengeni. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwephuzile, ungasika amahlumela acishe aze emhlabathini, khona-ke inqubo yokukhula icushiwe, isitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha futhi ngokugcwele.

Ukusakazeka Kwemifino kwa-Oldberry

I-Oldberry isatshalaliswa ukusikwa okumnyama. Indlela ye-vegetative ithathwa njengento esheshayo nethembeke kunazo zonke, egcina ukwahlukahluka kwesiko. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amahlumela ngaphezulu, ama-rhizomes, izingxenye zesitshalo.

Ungayisakaza kanjani i-blackberry:

ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, amahlumela amaningana kufanele asikwe ngommese obukhali, ubude bawo bube yi-10-12 cm;
okubaluleke kakhulu kokuzala kabusha amahlumela aluhlaza konyaka wokuqala wokuphila;
kuma ukusikwa okulungiselelwe, amashidi ama-1-2 kufanele ashiywe, okuseleyo kufanele kunqunywe;
ukusika kugcinwa kuze kutshalwe engxenyeni emanzi yesihlabathi nge-peat ngesilinganiso se-1: 1.

Ukusheshisa ukubanda kwezimpawu zokusika ngemuva kokutshala, zingambozwa ngefilimu. Umkhathi womswakama ophezulu wenziwa ngaphansi kwefilimu, ethinta kahle inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezimpande. Imigoqo kufanele idonswe umoya omusha ukuze ungene kwifilimu. Ngemuva kwesonto, ifilimu ivame ukususwa. Ekuqaleni, kunconywa kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuthambisa. Ngemuva kwesigamu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuzimela ngokuphelele.

Amaphesenti aphezulu okusinda (kuhlu lwe-95-98%) abonisa amagatsha esiqu se-black elderberry.

Ungakhula kanjani umdala omnyama ezweni:

ukusakazwa ngokwenziwa kwezinto, kusetshenziswa amahlumela amancane angenazo izithobo, ubudala bawo buneminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3;
ingxenye ephakathi yehlumela ingcwatshwa egangeni, ifakwe kusuka ngenhla nge-sawdust noma ngomquba wakudala;
yingxenye engenhla yehlumela kuphela ekhululekile, cishe ngo-20-30 cm;
uma wenza i-elderberry iholele ekuqaleni kwehlobo, khona-ke ekwindla ihlumela lizonika izimpande;
ubusika, isitshalo sihamba kahle ngendlela yohlaka olungasokile;
ehlobo elilandelayo, indlela yokuphunyuka egxiliwe ingagundwa bese idluliselwa kwenye indawo.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahlana kube yizitho ngenhloso yokuzala kunconywa ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha isitshalo esidala, ikakhulukazi isihlahla esikhulu. Ingxenye ehlukanisiwe ye-elderberry ingatshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, noma isitshalwe esitsheni okwesikhashana. Emhlabathini ovulekile kusuka esitsheni, sitshalo sitshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ungatshala izihlahla ngale ndlela kanye kuphela ngonyaka ukuze uvikele impilo yesitshalo sikamama.

Ukuzala kabusha kwa-Oldberry

Imbewu ye-black elderberry ingasetjenziselwa ukwanda. Kulokhu, izici zezinhlobo zesiko zingalahleka ngokungenakuphikwa. Inzuzo ukuthi indlela yokuzala ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombo eziningi ze-black elderberry, ezilungele ukutshala.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imbewu ye-elderberry isatshalaliswa izinyoni nezilwane ezidla izithelo bese zizifaka emvelweni. Ukudlula ohlelweni lokugaya lwento ephilayo, ijazi lembewu lilinyazwa kancane, okuthuthukisa ukuhluma kwalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukwehlukaniswa kwembewu emnyama ye-elderberry inqubo yokuhlukumeza okhethekile ubuqotho bejazi lembewu ukuze kwandise ukuhluma kwabo.

Ngezimboni zezimboni, ukuze kuhlukaniswe, kuphathwa imbewu ngembewu ene-sulfuric acid, kwenziwa ukugaya ngesihlabathi esimahhadla. Imbewu elungiselelwe ngaleyondlela ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni enezakhi zomsoco futhi ilindele ukuhluma kwayo. Izitshalo ziningi futhi zivame ukunisela, zifakwe emanzini, bese kuthi ebusika zihlale zihlala nendawo yokukhosela. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa emva konyaka.

Ukuthenwa okufanele kwezihlahla

Ukuthenwa kwe-elderberry okucocekile kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-5 noma eyi-6, amagatsha amakhulu esihlahla asikwa acekele phansi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo sibuyiselwa ngokushesha, endaweni yamagatsha asikiwe, amahlumela amasha akhula ngokushesha.

Ungasika kanjani kahle i-blackberryberry:

Entwasahlobo, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuvame ukwenziwa ngokususwa kwamahlumela aphukile nawomile.
Ebusika obunobunzima, i-elderberry ingabanda kakhulu, okuthe uma kunjalo kunconywa ukunquma isihlahla ngaphansi kwempande.
Kanye emva kweminyaka emi-4-5, kunconywa ukusika amagatsha amakhulu we-elderberry, kusale ikota yawo kwaphela.
Ukuthena kudingeka ikakhulukazi kumakhasi amakhulu okhulisa izithelo, isitshalo sibuyiselwa ngokushesha, sihlaziywa ngokwemvelo.

Izifo ze-Oldberry nezinambuzane

Zonke izinhlobo ze-elderberry zinesici esisodwa, zikhipha izinto ezikhethekile ezinephunga elimnandi emvelweni. Lawa ma-secretions avimbela ukuhlaselwa kwamagundane amancane nezinambuzane ezitshalweni uqobo, nasezitshalweni eziseduze nalapho. I-shrub ibonakala ngokuqina nokukhuthazela, akuvamile kakhulu. Ihlangana kalula namasiko ahlukile kakhulu, eduze kwe-conifers kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ezinqabile. Ngokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane, kunconywa ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-insecticides. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa kokuvimbela isihlahla sokuqala kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngemuva kokuba inqubo yokuqhakaza izimbali isiqediwe. Kulokhu, isisombululo se-zethusi sulfate, i-kalbofos singasetshenziswa.

Ukutshala i-blackberry kuyinikeza umhlobiso wesakhiwo somuntu siqu, kunikeza ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo nezingxenye zesitshalo esibalulekile. Ukukhula futhi unakekele isihlahlana kulula, ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana, ngakho-ke ungayikhetha efaneleka kunazo zonke. Ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions ye-elderberry asiza abantu babhekane nezifo eziningi.