Kolumneya

I-Columnae (Columnea, umndeni weGesneriaceae) - isitshalo esikhulayo, izwe lakubo okukule ndawo ezishisayo zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kweKolumna, intwasahlobo ngayinye izokujabulisa ngezimbali eziningi ezibomvu zomlilo noma zomswakama ezihleli kuma-axils amaqabunga. AmaColumnae amahlumela afinyelela, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, aze afike kumamitha ayi-1,4 ubude. Isitshalo sibukeka sikhulu kubhasikidi olengayo noma ebhodweni le-cache. Iziqu zigqitshwe ngamaqabunga acwebezelayo angenamabala acwengeke ngendlela engenakukholwa.

Okuvame kakhulu futhi kulula ukukulima yiColumna Banks (columnea banksii). Isiqu saso saso sifinyelela ku-1 m ubude futhi siyigatsha ngokuqinile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obomvu ngaphansi komfula; ngaphezulu ambozwe ngentambo i-waxy. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kobusika, izimbali ezingafika ku-6 cm ubude zibubomvu ngokuwolintshi ngombala ophuzi. Kunzima ngandlela thile ukunakekela i-columnae enamaqabunga e-pubescent. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-columna ekhazimulayo (i-columnea gloriosa) ne-columna encane-leved (columnea microfhylla) ithandwa kakhulu emasikweni egumbi. Ikholomu ekhazimulayo ayincane kakhulu kunekholamu yamaBhange, isiqu sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ubude. Amacembe ambozwe izinwele ezibomvu, kanti nezimbali zingamasentimitha ayi-8 ubukhulu, amashubhu, owolintshi ngokubomvu umphimbo ophuzi. Imvamisa ungathola ngokuthengisa izinhlobo ezimbili zekholamu ekhazimulayo - "Stavanger" (Stavanger) ne "Purpurea" (Purpurea). Ikholomu elinezinsimbi ezincane ligudlulwe lincane, licishe libe ngu-1 cm ngosayizi, amapheshana, iziqu zalo zinde kunalezo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezimbali, kanti nezimbali ziyafana nezimbali zekholomu ekhazimulayo. Ikholomu thick-leaved (columnea crassifolia) iboniswa amahlumela aqondile noma aqondile. Ikholomu enezinwele ezimfushane (columnea hirta) inamasayizi acwebile neziqu ezinwabuzelayo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zekolumna azilinyalwa kakhulu: I-Columnae of Vedraera columnea (columnea vedrariensis), Cusa columene (columnea kewensis), ikholomu kaMorton (columnea mortonii), ikholomu ye-acute (columnea arguta), ne-Allen's columna (columnea allenii.

I-Columnae isitshalo esidinga ukwedlula zonke, ezimeni ezingezinhle ngeke ife, kodwa ngeke siqhume. Ukukhula okuhle nentuthuko, ukukhanyisa okuningi kudinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Umswakama ozungeze amaqabunga kufanele ube phezulu, udinga ukufafaza isitshalo ngokuvamile. Ekupheleni ekwindla - ukuqala kobusika, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, isikhathi sokuphumula sezinsuku ezingama-40 kuye kwangama-50 siyadingeka ngokucace kakhudlwana. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lasebusuku akufanele lidlule ku-12 - 15 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo kufanele sivikeleke kokusalungiswa.

Ukunisela ikholamu kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba kuyinto elinganiselayo, ekuniseleni ubusika kuyancishiswa. Kusetshenziselwe ukuchelela amanzi ahlala endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukugqoka masonto onke ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali. Itshalwe kabusha ngekholamu kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emibili, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela asikiwe ubude. Ngokufakelwa, kusetshenziswa inhlabathi, equkethe ishidi nephepha le-sod, i-sphagnum echotshoziwe nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 2: 2: 1. Ukusakazeka kwenziwa ngokusikwa kwama-apical cuttings angama-10 cm.Asikwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, izinga lokushisa lempande lilungile ngo-24-25 ° C.

Izinambuzane zekholomu azithinteki neze. Ukuchelela ngokweqile kungahle kubangele ukubola okungwevu, okubukeka ngathi isikhunta grey fluffy. Kuyadingeka ukususa izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo, ukunciphisa ukuthambisa, ukungena egumbini kanye nokwenza ukwelashwa nge-fungic ehlelekile. Uma umoya osekamelweni womile kakhulu noma ungawuniseleli ngokwanele, ungalahla amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi ngaphambili. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa umswakama womoya nokunisela.