I-Cherry plum iyindlela yokuqala yeplamu yasekhaya. I-Cherry plum inamanye amagama: ukusabalala kwe-plum noma i-cherry-like. Lesi yisimo esiyingqayizivele sama-plums asendle. Umuthi wezithelo ungowendalo kaPulus. Isatshalaliswa ikakhulu eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor nase-Iran. I-Cherry plum yisihlahla esithanda ukukhanya, ibekezelela isomiso futhi ikhula kahle kunhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla esidala sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-13. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-cherry plum ihlala iminyaka engama-45, kepha abamele iminyaka engu-60 ubudala bale nhlobo yezitshalo bayatholakala. Ukuzala kabusha kwesihlahla kungenzeka zombili ngosizo lwembewu kanye nokweluka. Izithombo ezintsha zitholakala ngokugoma.
Incazelo yezithelo ze-cherry iplamu
Amagatsha e-Cherry plum kahle, angaba-single-barrel noma ama-multi-barrel. Isimo sezulu esihle sezindawo zaseningizimu sivumela lesi sihlahla ukuba sibe ngamamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama. Enyakatho, i-cherry plum ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4-5 kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sibukeka njenge shrub elikhulu.
Ububanzi besiqu sezihlahla zabantu abadala bucishe babe yingxenye yemitha. Izihlahla zinomqhele obanzi, ovulekile, ovame ukuba nomqhele. Amahlumela anombala obomvu onsundu ngombala, abe nemikhaba. Uhlelo lwezimpande ze-cherry iplamu alunamanani amakhulu, kumhlabathi oxegayo lujula lufinyelele kumamitha ayi-12, kanti oluxineneyo alukuvumeli ukuthi luwedlule ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2. Izimpande zivame ukunwebeka ngaphesheya komqhele wesihlahla, zisakazeka ngemisebe kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Amahlumela ezimpande awenziwa kalula uma izimpande zonakalisiwe.
Iqabunga le-cherry iplamu luhlaza okotshani ehlobo nphuzi ekwindla, okusaqanda noma oblong okuphezulu okukhonjisiwe, ubude obu-4 cm.
Izimbali ze-Cherry plum zingaba mhlophe noma zibe ne-pink tint. I-peduncle ngayinye inezimbali ezimbili, ezingaphansi kaningi. Ububanzi bezimbali buyi-20-40 mm. Amahlumela wonyaka nokuqhakaza kakhulu. Izimbali ziqala ngasikhathi sinye ngokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga noma ngaphambili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla zihlobisa kakhulu. Izimbali zenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi futhi zihlala isonto, kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku eziningana. Ekwindla, ungabona futhi ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla, kepha kubuthakathaka futhi akuvamile.
I-Cherum iplamu yehlukile ngoba icula ngokushesha. Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ama-buds anezimbali abekwa emazingeni okuqala entuthuko. Ukwakheka kwezithelo zeplamu kuyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphakanyiswa noma kuthambile, kube negreyimu encane kuso sonke izithelo. Ezitshalweni zasendle, izithelo zingena ku-3 kuye ku-6 g, nasezitshalweni ezitshaliwe - amahlandla ayishumi ngaphezulu. I-pulp yezithelo inamanzi, ngesinye isikhathi ibe nokuguquguquka kwe-cartilaginous, luhlaza okotshani noma opinki ngombala, ngokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Umbala wezithelo uncike ezinhlobonhlobo, uhlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kombala obomvu-umnyama futhi umnyama. Izithelo ze-cherry plum zimbozwe ngentambo emhlophe ye-waxy. Ukuvuthwa kwe-Cherry iplamu kwenzeka ngo-Agasti-Septhemba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cherry plum kusiko
I-plum yasendle yasendle ayisatshalaliswa ezweni lakubo, eTranscaucasia kuphela, kepha futhi nasezindaweni ezinkulu ezisuka onyaweni lwe-Alps iye enyakatho yezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu leHimalaya. Lesi sihlahla sikhula ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesihlahla samakhaza nezihlahla zezihlahla ezisezihlahleni zomfula. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezitshalwe ezingadini. Lesi sithelo saqala ukudliwa ngekhulu lokuqala AD.
Ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi, kuze kube muva nje, i-cherry plum yayisatshalaliswa kuphela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, abafuyi bezitshalo batshise izinhlobo ezintsha ezingamelana nobusika futhi zibekezelela ubusika obunzima baseRussia ngasentshonalanga yezwe nasezifundeni zalo ezimaphakathi ngisho nasezifundeni ezikude kakhulu. Abafuyi bathola amafomu anjalo avela kwi-plum yaseChina, engesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi ibekezelela ukubanda okufika ku-50 ° C.
Izithelo ze-cherry iplamu zinempilo kakhulu futhi zinambitha emnandi. Kudliwa ngokuqondile, noma kuphekwe, kusetshenziselwe ama-compotes nokulondolozwa. Amaqebelengwane kanye namantongomane nawo enziwa ngezithelo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa kakhulu zezihlahla zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene anomqhele wokulila noma we-pyramidal zikulungele kahle lokhu. I-Citric acid ikhiqizwa ngokuthengisa kusuka ku-green plum eluhlaza. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziqukethe ngamanani amakhulu (kufinyelela ku-14% isisindo esomile). Le ndlela yokukhiqiza i-citric acid ilula kakhulu futhi iyahlukahluka ngokushibhile kwayo.
I-Cherry plum ayinciphisi inhlabathi futhi ibekezelela nesomiso kahle. Iqala ukuthela izithelo isencane, inikeze unyaka ngamunye isivuno esikhulu, ifinyelela kuma-300 kg esihlahleni ngasinye. Isici esihlukile sesitshalo futhi isikhathi sokuphila nesikhathi sokuzala. Ukusuka eminyakeni engama-45-60 yempilo, iminyaka engama-20-25 isesikhathini sokukhiqiza ngempumelelo.
Kepha ngazo zonke lezi zinzuzo, i-cherry plum inezihibe zayo. Azikakabi bunzima kakhulu ebusika. Ukushisa okuphansi kunomthelela ekulimaleni kwezinkuni. Futhi amazinga okushisa okuhlala isikhathi eside aholela ekuqaleni kwezimila zezitshalo ngemuva kokuphumula okufushane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinso eziphaphama zithintwa ukubuya kwamakhaza. Ezimweni eziningi, izihlahla zepulamu eyodwa azakhiqizi izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno esihle, kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlahla ezingama-2-3.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zepulamu
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-cherry iplamu inamagama amaningana. Owokuqala wabo - iplamu yokusabalalisa - isetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo zasendle, owesibili - iplamu elifana ne-cherry - ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-cherry plum, ehlukile komunye nomunye. Izinhlobo zokuqala zivamile, ezibizwa nangokuthi zasendle zaseCaucasian. Eyesibili ingempumalanga, noma i-Central Asia yasendle. Elesithathu likhulu-izithelo. Izindlela zokuqala ezimbili zokubandakanya zifaka amafomu wezitshalo angakhanyisiwe. Ukubhaliswa kwesithathu kutshalwa izihlahla zensimu. Kepha iplamu enkulu enkulu enezihlahla ezinesithelo iba nokwahlukana kube izinhlobo eziningi. Bonke bathembele esifundeni lapho isiko litshalwa khona. Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kunquma izici ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ezinqunywa ngezinhloso zokutshala kwazo esifundeni esithile. Isibonelo, i-plum yaseGeorgia esetshenziselwa ukwenza amasoso, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zobuCrimea zinezithelo ezinkulu nokunambitheka okumnandi kophudingi.
I-Cherry plum pissard ilungele ukubukelwa phansi komhlaba. Ishaya ngobuningi bezithunzi ezibomvu-ezibomvu kuyo yonke into, noma ngabe izimbali noma amaqabunga. Kodwa-ke, abamele lokhu kuhlukahluka banezithelo ezinkulu futhi banambitha okuhle.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezifuywayo ze-cherry iplamu, ezinezithelo ezinkulu, zitholakale kuCrimea yecrimea. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaba nemibala ehlukene nemithunzi: kusuka ophuzi kuya kokubomvu nokumfusa-mnyama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali esithelo kuncike kumbala waso.
Izithelo ze-cherry plum zicebile ngamavithamini ahlukahlukene futhi ziyasiza ekulweni nezifo eziningi.
Impumelelo ekhethekile yabafuyi bezithelo izinhlobonhlobo zepulamu, enobume bekholomu. Le nhlobonhlobo icacile, akukho magatsha esihlahleni, futhi izithelo zikhula ngqo esiqwini. Umuthi onjalo awudingi isikhala esiningi, futhi kufanelekile ukuvuna kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sokuthena asikho nhlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele isici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu sesitshalo: singakwazi ukuwela nezitshalo ezihlobene, sithole inzalo ende. Isibonelo, i-nectarine iyi-hybrid ye-interspecific ye-cherry plum ne-peach. Impahla efanayo ye-cherry iplamu ivumela abafuyi bezinkomo ukudala amasiko ama-interspecific hybrids.
