Acidanthera

Acidanthera (Acidanthera) - Le herbaceous perennial iyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Iris. Igama elithi Acidanthera lisuselwa kumagama esi-2 esiGreek, ahunyushwe ngokuthi "bukhali" futhi "imbali", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-perianth yalesi sitshalo ine-lobes ekhomba. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40 ezahlukahlukene, ezingatholakala ezindaweni zemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yi-acidanthera enemibala emibili, noma i-acidanthera Muriel, noma i-gladiolus Muriel, noma i-fennel Muriel, noma i-gladiolus flowered, noma i-gladiolus enamakha: ukutshala kwalesi sitshalo sengadi kwaqala ngo-1886, kanti ngaphambili kwakuhlukaniswe ngohlobo olwahlukile. Kuze kube manje, le nhlobo ingummeli wohlobo lweGladiolus, kanye nezinhlobo ezikhula zasendle ze-acidanthera, manje zibizwa ngokuthi ama-gladioli. Kodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka, i-gladiolus Muriel, ezincwadini kanye naphakathi kwabalimi, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-acidanthera.

Izici Ama-Acidanters

I-Acidatera Muriel iyi-perennial efinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1,2 corms, apendwe mhlophe, afike ku-30 mm ngaphesheya, ambozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene lombala onsundu. Engxenyeni engenhla, amahlumela angahlungwa noma alula. Ubude bamaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza cishe buyi-50 cm; banesimo esilinganayo noma esingu-xiphoid. Ama-inflorescences amise okomhlambo aqukethe izimbali ezingama-3-10 zombala omhlophe kokhilimu, ofinyelela ububanzi ngamasentimitha angama-5 kuya kwayi-12. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi elimnandi eliheha izinyosi, zineshubhu ende, kanye namaphinikholi ayi-6, asondelene nesisekelo futhi aguqula umbala wawo ube ngu-raspberry omnyama, onsomi omnyama noma ocishe abe mnyama. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ukudalulwa kwezimbali kwenzeka ngokuhlukile kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, kulokhu, isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali ngakunye kungafinyelela amasonto amane. Izithelo ziyibhokisi eliphakeme, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona imbewu.

Ukutshala i-Acidanthera emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Njengoba isitshalo esishisayo se-acidanthera sise-thermophilic, sitshalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo (kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi), ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isifudumele. Ngokutshala, khetha indawo enokhanya kahle. Uma ikhule esifundeni esinentwasahlobo ende futhi ebandayo, lapho-ke i-acidantra ingaqhakaza ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele, izinhlayiya zaso kufanele zitshalwe ukuze ziqhume ngo-Meyi. Thatha imbiza, ebubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-15, kufanele igcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi evulekile engenacala. Ama-3-6 bulbs atshalwe kuwo aze afike ku-40 kuya ku-50 mm. Lapho-ke imbiza iyahlanzwa kusofa ekhanyiselwe kahle noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, izimbali zidinga ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Kulezi corms esezikhulile, kutholakala izihlahla ezinamandla, ezihlukaniswa ukuqhuma nokuqhakaza okude.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

Maphakathi ne-lat latheni, kanye nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ama-acidants abamba ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Indawo enomhlabathi omnandi onempilo kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili, ngoba lokhu kumbiwa, kusetshenziswa umanyolo (i-humus noma umquba), kanye nesihlabathi sokudonsa amanzi, uma kunesidingo. Lapho-ke indawo yendawo kumele idalulwe.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-corms kufanele aphathwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, lapho isomile, kufanele ifakwe esizeni. Amabhule atshalwe ngamaqembu ezingcezu ezingama-8-30, angcwatshwa enhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-8-10 (kuya ngosayizi wento yokutshala), kuyilapho ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-1 - 20 kufanele libonwe phakathi kwawo. Izithombo ezitshalwe zidinga ukuthambisa okwenele.

Ukunakekela i-Acidanthera Engadini

Ukunakekela i-acidanthera engadini kufana ncamashi nanoma iyiphi enye imbali engadini. Udinga ukuthambisa ngesikhathi, ukhula nokukhulula umhlabathi womhlaba phakathi kwezihlahla. Ukwehlisa kakhulu inani lokhula nokunisela, ingaphezulu lesayithi kufanele limbozwe ngohlaka lwesigaxa semboza izimbali, lapho kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela izinto ezi-organic, isibonelo: Peat, utshani obunjiwe, sawdust noma i-humus. Ukuze izihlahla zibukeke zihle futhi zicocekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, izimbali ezaqala ukufiphala kufanele zinqunywe ngesikhathi.

Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle

Leli siko lidinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile nokulinganiselayo, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile sibhekwa isikhathi eside. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mbali ayikubekezeleli kokubili isomiso nokuqina koketshezi enhlabathini. Uma isitshalo sithululelwa, khona-ke lokhu kungaholela ekubukekeni kokubola ohlelweni lwezimpande. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kufanele kuncishiswe, kepha inhlabathi endaweni kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane. Ngesikhathi sokunisela, qiniseka ukuthi amaconsi e-liquid awawa ezimbali nakumahlamvu, uma kungenjalo, ukushiswa kungakheka ebusweni bawo. Nisela izimbali ngamanzi afakwe emanzini, okungafanele kubande. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele enhlabathini, ingaphezulu lwalo kufanele lukhululwe, ngenkathi kukhipha lonke ukhula.

Kuyadingeka ukondla leli siko lembali ngezimanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali ezisetshenziselwa inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, kufanele ondliwe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho izitshalo zondliwa ngomanyolo we-organic, okwesibili - ngesikhathi sokukhula nokusebenza kwesisindo seflaya, kusetshenziswa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ukondla, futhi ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokuqothula, kufanele kufakwe inhlanganisela ye-phosphorus-potassium enhlabathini. I-Acidanterza iyondliwa, njengomthetho, ngasikhathi sinye ngokunisela. Isitshalo esinjalo akufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo omusha we-organic.

Ukufakelwa nobusika

Uma esifundeni lapho lesi sitshalo sikhule khona, ebusika izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla lisho izinkomba zokususa, khona-ke u-anyanisi kufanele ususwe emhlabathini ekwindla, futhi entwasahlobo kumele ziphinde zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Isiphi isikhathi esingcono sokumba ama-bulbs? Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo siphela, izimbotshana zazo kufanele zisuswe, noma kunjalo, amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi kufanele aqhubeke esihlahleni kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Ngemuva kokuqalwa kwesimo sezulu esibandayo emgwaqweni, ingxenye esemuva yezimbali idinga ukunqunywa, bese kuthi izikhwebu ezikhishwe enhlabathini zisuswe ukuze zigcinwe.

Ungasindisa kanjani u-anyanisi? Izinhlamvu ezimbiwe zidinga ukomiswa ngokuphelele, ngoba zigcinwa amasonto amane ekushiseni okungama-degree angama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kulimala isikali sokubola, izimpande ziyasuswa kubo, bese zifakwa endaweni yesisombululo sokulungiselela ukhunta bese womile. Izinto zokutshala ezilungiselelwe ukulondolozwa kufanele zigoqwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma emabhokisini amakhadibhodi nge-perforation yokufinyelela mahhala kumoya omusha. Zigcinwa ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-15 kuye kwangama-16 kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Uma kupholile egumbini, khona-ke ama-bulbs azongena esimweni sokuphumula, futhi uma kufudumele, khona lapho ama-corms azoqala ukuhluma kusenesikhathi kunokuba kunesidingo. Amabhuleki atshalwe ukuze abe yi-distillation ngoMashi, futhi uma isifunda sinesimo sezulu esifudumele, khona-ke ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli atshalwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukuzala kabusha Acidanthera

Ukusabalalisa imbali enjalo, kusetshenziswa imbewu, kanye nama-corms nezingane. Ungayisakaza kanjani ngama-bulb ichazwa ngemininingwane enkulu engenhla. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezingane likhula kuma-corms. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala ama-bulbs endaweni evulekile, adinga ukukhipha zonke izingane ezakhiwe ezitshalwe ezikoleni ukuze zikhule. Uma izitshalo zinikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke lokhuokuwa kuzoqala ukuqhakaza. Isikhathi sokuphila se-bulb endala sineminyaka engaba mi-5.

Kulula futhi ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebusika izithombo njengezikhathi zonke, kepha azidingi ukuhlanganiswa. Ingxube yenhlabathi idinga ukuvunda, ukwakheka kwayo okulinganayo: i-peat, inhlabathi yengadi nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1). Isitsha kufanele sibekwe endaweni efudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-20). I-substrate kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane, ngoba lokhu udinga ukumboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngefilimu, futhi ingaphezulu lengxube yenhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama ohlelekile kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza. Izitshalo zidinga ukungena komoya nsuku zonke, futhi i-condensate kumele isuswe endaweni yokukhosela ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukulanda izithombo kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, lapho akha amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2. Izimbiza ngazinye zisetshenziselwa ukukha, futhi kungcono uma zi-peaty, kulokhu, lapho imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande ngeke lusadinga ukulimala futhi. Izithombo zama-acidants zikhula ngokushesha, futhi ehlobo zingatshalwa nje embhedeni wezimbali. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, ama-peduncle okuqala kufanele akhule.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ama-bulb izibungu, ama-slugs, ama-aphid nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngokuhlala angakwazi ukuhlala ku-acidifier. Ukuze uvikele izihlahla, kunconywa ukufafaza amahlahla nge-ammonia noma i-mustard powder, le makhambi abantu ayinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni. Uma izinambuzane ezikhulukazi noma ama-aphid zihlala emahlathini, khona-ke zona kanye nenhlabathi engaphansi kwazo kufanele kufafazwe ngamalungiselelo wokulwa nezinambuzane. Ama-acaricides asetshenziselwa ukubulala imikhaza. Uma kuvela ama-slugs, kuzodingeka ukuthi aqoqwe ngesandla. Kunconywa futhi ukubeka izingcezu zamabhodi bese usheleleka phezu kwendawo, lapho ama-gastropods ekhuleka ecashile ekushiseni kwelanga, adinga ukuqoqwa futhi abhujiswe.

I-Acidanthera ingangenwa yi-Powdery isikhutha, ama-mosaics, ukubola kwezimpande nokugqwala. Ehlathini ethintekile yi-mosaic, amapuleti amaqabunga abahlukahluka. Lesi sifo asinakuphulukiswa, futhi isihlahla esithintekile kumele sishiswe. Izinsalela zalezi zifo zingukhunta, isikhunta sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwazo, ngokwesibonelo, isisombululo se-Bordeaux fluid noma i-zethusi sulfate (1%). Ukuze uvikele ukulimala kwesitshalo ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, kubalulekile ukusinakekela ngokulandela yonke imithetho yesayensi yokulwa nezolimo, futhi ungakhohlwa ngisho nezindlela zokuthibela. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhula kwezifo zokukhunta: ukudonsa amanzi ampofu noma kungabi nhlobo, ukuthambisa okufanele noma amaningi kakhulu, kanye nenani elikhulu lokhula.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-acid anezithombe namagama

Umbono othandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-acidanthera, incazelo eningilizayo engatholakala ngenhla. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi phakathi kwabalimi, i-hybrid yalolu hlobo, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-acidifier yeTubergen, iyathandwa kakhulu: inezimbali eziningi kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziphambili. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-acidanthera (gladiolus) azihlanyelwa kakhulu:

I-Acidanthera tropical (Acidanthera aequinoctialis)

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yi-1,3 m, amaqabunga amaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Ukuqanjwa kwama-inflorescence amazwekazi kufaka phakathi izimbali ezi-5 noma ezi-6 zombala omhlophe, ezineshubhu ende ne-raspberry noma amabala ansomi. Kukhona umcabango wokuthi le nhlobo iyindlela emude yokushisa eshisayo ye-acidanthera enamamaki amabili.